Missed Penny Quiz Questions

appendix vas

the testicular appendage located between the body and tail of the epididymis

appendix testis

the testicular appendage located between the head of the epididymis and the superior pole of the testis

ductus (vas) deferens

the tube that connects the epididymis to the seminal vesicles

corpus cavernosum

two columns of erectile tissue in the shaft of the penis

Hydrops of the gallbladder aka

Mucocele Round distended non inflamed gb due to obstruction of the cystic duct

cremaster muscle

Muscle that pulls the scrotum closer to the body in cold temperatures and relaxes to let the testicles be farther away from the body in warmer weather

Label

* two corpus cavernosa # corpus spongiosom

appendix epididymis

the testicular appendage located at the head of the epididymis

Isthmus over ——May be indicative of thyroid enlargement

1cm

Elevated GGT AND ALT

Liver disease

The pancreatic duct is considered abnormal if it is

>2mm

All of the following are keys to identifying foreign bodies with sonography except: a. Most foreign bodies appear hypoechoic. b. A linear array transducer should be used. c. Most foreign bodies are better visualized us- ing a standoff pad. d. Comet-tail artifact may be seen posterior to metallic objects.

A

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with torsion of the testicular appendage except: a. No intratesticular flow h. Small hyperechoic mass adjacent to the testis c. Reactive hydrocele d. Scrotal wall thickening

A

Inflammation of the tendon and synovial tendon sheath is referred to as: a. Tendosynovitis b. Tendonitis c. Cellulitis d. Pannus

A

The lack of the normal fixation of the testis to the posterior scrotal wall is referred to as: a. Klinefelter syndrome b. Blue dot sign c. Bell-clapper deformity d. Cryptorchidism

A

The most common sonographic appearance of a pheochromocytoma is a(n): a. Hyperechoic mass b. Hypoechoic mass C. Anechoic mass d. Complex mass

A

What is the functional unit of the kidney? a. Nephron b. Medulla c. Cortex d. Bowman capsule

A

What type of gland is the thyroid gland? a. Endocrine b. Exocrine c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor b

A

Which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of a kidney affected by ARPKD? a. Bilateral enlarged, echogenic kidneys B unilateral smooth walled non communicating cysts of varying sizes located within the renal fossa C small echogenic kidneys D numerous large complex renal cysts

A

Which of the following is not a component of the spermatic cord? a. Epididymis b. Testicular artery C. Cremaster muscle d. Lymph nodes

A

Which of the following would more likely be a malignant thyroid nodule? a. Cold nodule b. Hot nodule

A

extrinsic cause of hydronephrosis? Which of the following is not considered an a. Ureteral stricture b. Pregnancy c. Neurogenic bladder d. Uterine leiomyoma

A

Name testicular appendages

A appendix epididymis B appendix vas C appendix testis

Pleomorphic adenoma

MC benign tumor of salivary glands, MC site is parotid gland

bulbourethral glands

A pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra. They secrete fluid into the urethra. Also called Cowper glands

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

MC malignant tumor major and minor salivary glands

Mucinous cystic neoplasm

Aka macrocystic neoplasms. Malignant or benign. Large well defined cysts. May have solid component.

Islet cell tumors are associated with

Men syndrome Von hippel

A 6-year-old female patient presents to the sonography department for a hip sonogram with irritability, unwillingness to walk, and low-grade fever. Sonographically, you visualize a hypoechoic fluid collection that elevates the joint capsule. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. Developmental hip dysplasia b. Subluxation C. Joint effusion d. Hip dislocation

C

The smaller the alpha angle and the larger the beta angle,

More likely infancy is suffering from ddh

All of the following are most likely a benign adrenal mass except: a. Adrenal adenoma b. Neuroblastoma c. Pheochromocytoma d. Adrenal hematoma

B

Gastric cancer is most often in the form of: a. Cystadenocarcinoma b. Adenocarcinoma c. Rhabdomyocarcinoma d. Angiosarcoma

B

Normal flow within the hepatic artery should demonstrate a: a. High-resistance wave form pattern, with a slow upstroke, and gradual deceleration with diastole b. Low-resistance wave form pattern, with a quick upstroke, and gradual deceleration with diastole c. Low-resistance wave form pattern, with a slow upstroke, and gradual acceleration with diastole d. High-resistance wave form patter, with a quick upstroke, and gradual deceleration with diastole

B

The main lobar fissure contains the: a. Right hepatic vein b. Middle hepatic vein c. Main portal vein d. Right portal vein

B

The most common location of a varicocele is: a. The right side of the scrotum b. The left side of the scrotum c. The inguinal canal d. Within the testis

B

The most common sonographic appearance of a neuroblastoma is: a. Hyperechoic mass b. Heterogeneous mass with calcifications C. Anechoic mass d. Hypoechoic mass

B

What is the most common malignancy of the testicles? a. Embryonal cell carcinoma b. Seminoma c. Choriocarcinoma d. Spermatocele

B

Which of the following is a clinical test for developmental hip dysplasia that is used to evaluate the hip for the reduction or relocation of a dislocated hip? a. Graf b. Ortolani c. Barlow d. Thompson

B

Which of the following is not considered an intrinsic cause of hydronephrosis? a. Ureterocele b. Urethritis c. Urolithiasis d. Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

B

Which of the following would be a common finding in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis? a. Hemorrhage b. Ascites c. Renal artery stenosis d. Renal vein thrombosis

B

What test

Barlow

The _____test requires for the leg to be adducted whereas the ______ test requires the leg to be abducted.

Barlow Ortolani

insulinoma

Benign Most common Hyperinsulinemia = hypoglycemia.

Serous cystadenoma

Benign aka microcystic cystadenomas. Appears like a cluster of grapes

Elevated GGT AND ALP

Biliary obstruction

A 7-year-old boy presents to the emergency with acute testicular pain localized to the superior pole of his right testis. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. Testicular torsion b. Hydrocele c. Torsion of the testicular appendage d. Yolk sac tumor

C

A patient presents to the sonography department with a painful, superficial abdominal mass located within a prior cesarean scar. What clinical feature would be most consistent with scar endometriosis? a. Hematuria b. Chronic headaches c. Cyclical pain d. Bloody diarrhea

C

Enlargement of the prostate in older men is most often caused by: a. Prostatitis b. Prostate cancer c. Benign prostatic hypertrophy d. Klinefelter syndrome

C

The most common cause of cirrhosis is: a. Portal hypertension b. Hepatitis C. Alcoholism d. Cholangitis

C

Which of the following is associated with granulosus? a. Candidiasis b. Amebic liver abscess c. Hydatid liver cyst d. Hepatocellular carcinoma

C

Which of the following is not a sonographic finding consistent with Crohn disease? a. Bowel wall thickening b. Noncompressible bowel that has a target appearance c. Increased peristalsis d. Hyperemic wall

C

Which of the following is the development of small outpouchings within the sigmoid colon? a. Diverticulitis b. Crohn disease c. Diverticulosis d. Midgut malrotation

C

Which of the following is the most common form of liver cancer? a. Hepatocellular carcinoma b. Adenocarcinoma c. Metastatic liver disease d. Hepatoblastoma

C

Which of the following is true regarding a duplex collecting system with complete ureteral duplication? a. The upper pole of the kidney suffers from reflux. b. The lower pole suffers from obstruction be- cause of a varicocele. C. The upper pole suffers from obstruction be- cause of a ureterocele. d. The lower pole suffers from deflux and hypertrophy.

C

With which of the following is elevated serum calcium associated? a. Graves disease b. Thyroglossal duct cyst c. Parathyroid adenoma d. Thyroid adenoma

C

Yolk sac tumors

Elevated AFP ONLY

embryonal cell carcinoma

Elevated AFP and hCG

intrahepatic portal HTN

Cirrhosis

Thyroid consists of multiple follicles that contain a fluid called

Colloid

Multiple cysts located along the mediastinum testis represent

Cystic dilation of the rete testis Aka Tubular ectasia

A normal lymph node will not measure greater than: a. 8 mm b. 5 mm c. 12 mm d. 10 mm

D

Clinical findings of hepatitis include all of the following except: a. Jaundice b. Fever c. Chills d Pericholecystic fluid

D

Parathyroid glands control the release and absorption of which nutrient? a. Thyroxine (T4) b. Triiodothyronine (T3) c. Calcitonin d. Calcium

D

Pseudomyxoma peritonei can result from: a. Intussusception b. Pyloric stenosis c. Crohn disease d. Appendix cancer

D

The adrenal glands receive a portion of their blood supply from all of the following except the: a. Suprarenal branches of the inferior phrenic arteries b. Suprarenal branches of the aorta c. Suprarenal branches of the renal arteries d. Suprarenal branches of the celiac trunk

D

The neuroblastoma typically presents before the age of: a. 1 year b. 2 years c. 4 years d. 5 years

D

What is the most common malignancy of the penis? a. Cystadenocarcinoma b. Adenocarcinoma c. Follicular carcinoma d. Squamous cell carcinoma

D

What would be the most likely sonographic appearance of a seminoma? a. Hyperechoic b. Anechoic c. Heterogeneous with calcifications d. Hypoechoic

D

Which of the following is associated it hyponatremia? a. Cushing syndrome b. Conn syndrome c. Pheochromocytoma d. Addison disease

D

Zinner syndrome consists of unilateral renal agenesis, ejaculatory duct obstruction, and a. Prostate cancer b. Seminoma c. Bulbourethral stones d. Seminal vesicle cysts

D

loops of bowel is consistent with: The sonographic finding of fluid-filled, distended a. Meckel diverticulum b. Diverticulitis c. Gastroesophageal reflux disease d. Intestinal obstruction

D

most Which of the common benign childhood following is considered the hepatic mass? c. Hematoma b. Hерatoma a. Hepatoblastoma d. Hemangioendothelioma

D

choriocarcinoma

Elevated hCG

hemolytic jaundice

Excessive destruction of red blood cells or absorption of a hematoma such as sickle cell anemia

The thyroid uses —— to produce its hormones

Iodine

Teratoma

Elevated AFP AND hCG

Hyperechoic hepatic masses

Hepatic Lipoma Hemangioma Echogenic mets Focal fatty infiltration

Intrahepatic postsinusoidal htn

Hepatic vein thrombosis/buds chiari

What test

Ortolani

Elevated serum calcium (and PTH) is a sign of

Parathyroid adenoma

Extrahepatic Presinusoidal PHTN

Portal vein thrombosis

Increased Indirect (Unconjugated) Bilirubin

Results from bili production (hemolysis) or Decreased liver conjugation

Increased Direct (Conjugated) Bilirubin

Results from decreased biliary excretion (bile ducts obstruction)

Interhepatic presinusoidal

Schistosomiasis

Ecchymosis

Subcutaneous spot of bleeding

Verumontanum

an elevated area within the prostatic urethra at which the ejaculatory ducts meet the urethra

median raphe

the structure that separates the scrotum into two compartments externally

tunica dartos

the structure that separates the scrotum into two separate compartments internally

buck fascia

deep fascia of penis

Hypoalbuminemia

low albumin levels in the blood. Sucks up ascites causing gallbladder wall thickening.

Elevated PSA is most closely related to what cancer?

prostate

Most common scrotal mass?

spermatocele

corpus spongiosum

the mass of spongy tissue surrounding the male urethra within the penis