Mitosis quiz

In mitosis cells with 16 chromosomes will produce daughter cells with hoe may chromosomes?

16

The products of mitosis are what?

2 genetically identical nuclei

In meiosis cells with 16 chromosomes produce new cells with ____ chromosomes?

8 chromosomes

Benign tumor is what?

Abnormal cells remain in be same spot

Chromosomes become nonvalent?

Anaphase 2

Sister chromatids separate?

Anaphase 2

The process of programmed cell death is called what?

Apoptosis

The functions of mitotic cell division in the life cycles of an organism may include?

Asexual reproduction, growth, replacement of old cells.

The nrg used to move chromosomes in mitosis is what?

Atp

Eukaryotic mitosis is thought to have evolved from what?

Bacterial cell division

Malignant tumors?

Cancerous, metastasis (move around the body)

How do cells know when to divide?

Cell communication signals

During prophase what condenses Into visible chromosomes

Chromatin

During prophase what condenses into visible chromosomes?

Chromatin

A haploid cell is a cell that.. What?

Contains only one copy of each chromosome.

Proses where genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes?

Crossing over

Which of the following will not increase genetic variability in zygote? A. Independent assortment B. Crossing over C. Random fertilization D. DNA replication

DNA Replication (D)

Cells that do not divide are arrested in what phase?

G1

Cells that do not divide are arrested in what phase?

G1 phase

How is the g1 phase different than g2

G2 has twice the amount of chromosomes

A cell in G2 phase...?

Has twice the amount of DNA present in a telophase nucleus

What kind of signals are there?

Internal - proteins External - growth factors

The cell cycle of a typical somatic cell consists of _____, mitosis and cytokinesis?

Interphase

A typical eukaryotic cell cycle consists of what?

Interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis

What are the phases of mitosis

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

Location on centromere where the spindle fibers attach?

Kinetochore

The mitosis spindle is made of

Kinetochores attach to microtubules during mitosis

Process during which a diploid cell undergoes two successive nuclear divisions resulting in four haploid cells?

Meiosis

Migration of cancer cells is called what's?

Metastasis

Many cancer drugs stop what process from occurring?

Mitosis

What two processes does the M phase of the cell cycle involve?

Mitosis and cytokinesis

What is the g0 phase?

Non dividing working state, most human cells in this phase

Define proto oncogenes?

Normally activates cell division, Normal non cancerous can become cancerous if mutated or turned on

Crossing over takes place?

Prophase 1

Homologous chromosomes synapses?

Prophase 1

Homologous chromosomes undergo crossing over during what phase of meiosis?

Prophase 1 of meiosis

What are external signals? Process?

Protein signals realized by body cells, has a touch center

Replication of DNA occurs in what phase?

S phase

The phase in interphase during which DNA is synthesized?

S phase

What phase are chromosomes duplicated in the cell cycle?

S phase

What happens in meiosis 1?

Separates homologous pairs (reduction reaction) and crossing over, cells become haploid

What has identical DNA sequences and are held together by what during mitosis?

Sister chromatids and centromeres

After meiosis 2 ___ occurs?

Sister chromatids separate

What happens in meiosis 2?

Stay haploid, go from double stranded chromosomes to single stranded

Tumor suppressors need to what? And oncogenes need to be what?

Suppressors ~ reactivated Oncogenes - switched on

What is the last phase of meiosis and mitosis

Telophase

What phase of mitosis do parent cells become two daughter cells?

Telophase

Cells become haploid?

Telophase 1

What occurs in mitosis but not in meiosis 1?

The chromatids of each chromosome are separated.

A cell is in metaphase when...?

The chromosomes are aligned on the equatorial plane of the cell.

What happens in meiosis but not mitosis?

The pairing of homologous chromosomes.

Why does a diploid organism need meiosis?

To form haploid gametes

Why does a diploid organism need mitosis

To replace dead cells + to grow larger

What does the p53 gene promote?

Tumor formation

A cell in G2 has what?

Twice the amount of DNA present in the nucleus

What are the 6 key mutations that are cancer causing?

Unlimited growth - turn on growth promoter genes Ignore checkpoints - turn off suppressor genes Escape apoptosis - turn of suicide gene Immortality - unlimited divisions Promotes blood vessel growth Overcome anchor dependence