MKTG Chapter 8 Pretest

The ________ for a guest paying for a night's stay at a hotel is the use of a bed, bathroom, towels, dresser, light, and closet. A) actual product B) core product C) value-deliverable product D) customized benefit E) augmented product

A) actual product

The last stage in the new-product development process is ________. A) commercialization B) business analysis C) idea generation D) concept testing E) product concept development

A) commercialization

Marketers classify innovations based on their ________. A) degree of newness B) costs to manufacture C) prices D) degree of tangibility E) contribution margins

A) degree of newness

We are more likely to purchase ________ under conditions of high involvement and ________ under conditions of low involvement. A) durable goods; nondurable goods B) nondurable goods; durable goods C) staples; impulse products D) impulse products; staples E) emergency products; unsought products

A) durable goods; nondurable goods

The built-in, fold-down child seats such as those found in Chrysler minivans are an example of a ________. A) dynamically continuous innovation B) nonradical innovation C) competitive innovation D) continuous innovation E) discontinuous innovation

A) dynamically continuous innovation

Which of the following costs is most likely associated with the commercialization stage of new-product development? A) implementing trade promotion plans for channel members B) paying groups of target consumers for product feedback C) determining the product's planned price, distribution, and marketing budget D) developing a prototype of the product E) identifying target markets

A) implementing trade promotion plans for channel members

Marketers may conduct a massive advertising campaign, called a ________, to educate consumers about a new product. A) media blitz B) diffusion network C) trial market D) test market E) tipping point

A) media blitz

Tony wanted to buy a pair of binoculars but not just any brand. He wanted to buy a pair of Steiner Nighthunters, just like the pair he had learned about in his newest copy of Peter's Hunt Magazine. He had to visit five different sporting goods stores before he found this brand. For Tony, the Steiner Nighthunter is an example of a(n) ________. A) specialty product B) staple C) shopping product D) convenience product E) unsought product

A) specialty product

Marketers classify convenience products as ________. A) staples, impulse products, and emergency products B) specialty products, shopping products, and unsought products C) core products, actual products, and augmented products D) generic products and branded products E) attribute-based products and price-based products

A) staples, impulse products, and emergency products

Once a new product or service passes the business analysis phase, it moves into what phase? A) concept development B) technical development C) market testing D) strategy development E) product proposal

B) technical development

The need to apply for a patent would most likely arise during which phase of new product development? A) business analysis B) technical development C) test marketing D) strategy development E) product proposal Answer: B

B) technical development

________ is the process by which a consumer or business customer begins to buy and use a new good, service, or idea. A) Commercialization B) Product testing C) Product adoption D) Diffusion E) Positioning

C) Product adoption

The ________ for a guest paying for a night's stay at a hotel would include express checkout and superb room service. A) actual product B) value network C) augmented product D) potential product E) core product

C) augmented product

The Federal Trade Commission says that a product must be entirely new or changed significantly to be called new and that a product may be called new for only ________ months. A) two B) three C) six D) ten E) twelve

C) six

A website is full of games, activities, music, and stories that appeal to children of all ages. Before a parent commits to paying the annual membership fee to gain access to the site, she can register for one free month of use. By accepting the free month's usage, potential adopters move into the ________ stage. A) interest B) awareness C) trial D) confirmation E) evaluation

C) trial

________ are typically lower in social class than other adopter categories and are bound by tradition. A) Early adopters B) Early majority C) Late majority D) Laggards E) Impulse buyers

D) Laggards

Which of the following is the best example of a nondurable good? A) a dishwasher B) a book shelf C) a freezer D) a newspaper E) a file cabinet

D) a newspaper

The last stage in the product adoption process is ________. A) awareness B) adoption C) interest D) confirmation E) evaluation

D) confirmation

Pepsi-Cola's development of Wild Cherry Pepsi, a cherry-flavored soda, is an example of a ________. A) dynamically continuous innovation B) nonradical innovation C) competitive innovation D) continuous innovation E) discontinuous innovation

D) continuous innovation

A(n) ________ is typically a nondurable good or service that consumers purchase frequently with a minimum of comparison and effort. A) specialty product B) MRO product C) shopping product D) convenience product E) unsought product

D) convenience product

For an amusement park, concession food trailers, the parking lot, the first-aid building, and the building where the park's daily receipts are tallied are all examples of ________. A) MRO products B) specialty products C) processed materials D) equipment E) convenience products

D) equipment

MRO products are goods that businesses use for ________. A) management, research, and order-processing B) marketing, relationship-building, and operation C) maintenance, research, and organization D) maintenance, repair, and operation E) marketing, research, and organization

D) maintenance, repair, and operation

A(n) ________ is defined as a good, service, idea, or some combination of these that satisfies consumer or business customer needs through the exchange process. A) private brand B) service variability C) core product D) product E) innovation

D) product

Which of the following statements about durable goods is true? A) Durable goods are more likely than perishable goods to involve low-involvement decisions. B) The information search is quicker for durable goods than it is for nondurable goods. C) Consumers purchasing durable goods are likely to use habitual decision making. D) Product evaluation is more likely to take place for nondurable goods than for durable goods. E) Durable goods provide a benefit over a long period of time.

E) Durable goods provide a benefit over a long period of time.

One of the reasons given for the success of reality television shows is that the shows appeal to a cultural bias that real-life drama is preferable to fiction. Americans desire adventure and escapism that offered them the opportunity for participation but do not require it. In terms of the five characteristics of innovations that affect the rate of adoption, reality television shows have a high degree of ________ . A) innovation B) complexity C) tangibility D) divisibility E) compatibility

E) compatibility

We consume ________ in the short term rather than the long term. A) unsought products B) specialty products C) raw materials D) durable goods E) nondurable goods

E) nondurable goods

During the technical development phase of the new product development process, a physical version of the product is developed; it is called a ________. A) test market B) focus group C) business analysis D) product concept E) prototype

E) prototype

In the business market, products of the fishing and agricultural industries purchased to use in a finished product are examples of ________. A) component parts B) accessory equipment C) processed materials D) MRO products E) raw materials

E) raw materials

Change happens quickly when a process reaches the moment of critical mass, which is called the ________. A) adoption point B) diffusion point C) innovation point D) trial point E) tipping point

E) tipping point

________ is the extent to which a new product is consistent with existing cultural values, customs, and practices. A) Compatibility B) Complexity C) Relative advantage D) Comparability E) Tangibility

A) Compatibility

________ are the last in the population to adopt a new product. A) Laggards B) Late majority adopters C) Innovators D) Impulse buyers E) Dawdlers

A) Laggards

________ have unique characteristics that are important to buyers at almost any price. A) Specialty products B) Staples C) Impulse products D) MRO products E) Unsought products

A) Specialty products

Customers usually know a good deal about ________ and are loyal to specific brands. A) specialty products B) homogeneous products C) impulse products D) MRO products E) emergency products

A) specialty products

Once managers of The Grecian Urn have decided on their product concept and marketing strategy, they can evaluate the business attractiveness of the proposal in the ________ stage of the new-product development process. A) business feasibility B) feasibility study C) business analysis D) product acceptance E) technical development

C) business analysis

The first phase of the new-product development process is ________. A) problem recognition B) product concept screening C) idea generation D) product concept development E) business analysis

C) idea generation

At a retail store, the display racks on which clothes are hung, the shelving, and the cash registers are all examples of ________. A) accessory equipment B) shopping products C) capital equipment D) component parts E) MRO products

A) accessory equipment

A product has three distinct layers. The second layer is the ________, which is the physical good or delivered service. A) actual product B) augmented product C) core product D) innovation E) brand

A) actual product

Generally, products are either ________ or ________. A) consumer products; business-to-business products B) consumer products; nondurable products C) industrial products; business-to-business products D) industrial products; services E) shopping products; convenience products

A) consumer products; business-to-business products

________ are a form of product that are essentially intangible. A) Innovations B) Services C) Brands D) Consumer products E) Supplements

B) Services

In the ________ phase of new-product development, marketers use a variety of sources to come up with a potentially new product that would benefit customers and be compatible with the company mission. A) idea generation B) problem recognition C) perceptual mapping D) positioning strategy E) product screening

A) idea generation

Marketers would be most likely to use a focus group in which stage of new product development? A) idea generation B) problem recognition C) business analysis D) positioning strategy E) product adoption

A) idea generation

The vehicle jack and other hand tools carried by a truck driver are examples of which type of business product? A) repair products B) operating supplies C) maintenance products D) light equipment E) component parts

A) repair products

________ are manufactured goods or subassemblies of finished items that organizations need to complete their own products. A) Component parts B) Accessory equipment materials C) Processed materials D) MRO products E) Raw materials

A) Component parts

A group of business entrepreneurs who worried about their teenage children drinking and driving decided there must be some way to approach this problem proactively. They came up with an idea for a pair of blurry goggles. They believed looking through the goggles would simulate what the world looks like when someone is seriously intoxicated. The first crude pair of blurry goggles developed by the entrepreneurs to show to prospective customers was ________. A) a prototype B) a component part C) a synergistic model D) raw material E) processed material

A) a prototype

Procter & Gamble introduced its Duncan Hines ready-to-spread frosting in a small geographic area. When General Foods became aware of the product, it rushed to market its own Betty Crocker ready-to-spread frosting, which eclipsed the Duncan Hines product introduction. General Foods was able to enter the ________ stage of the new-product development process before Procter & Gamble could. A) commercialization B) business analysis C) idea generation D) screening E) product concept development

A) commercialization

A ________ is a pronounced modification to an existing product that requires a modest amount of learning or change in behavior to use it. A) dynamically continuous innovation B) nonradical innovation C) competitive innovation D) continuous innovation E) discontinuous innovation

A) dynamically continuous innovation

Even though most people in the original target market for electric toothbrushes already knew how to brush their teeth, consumers still had some learning to do in order to make good use of the new brushing technique. The electric toothbrush is an example of a ________. A) dynamically continuous innovation B) nonradical innovation C) competitive innovation D) knockoff E) discontinuous innovation

A) dynamically continuous innovation

When we need a(n) ________, price and product quality may be irrelevant to our purchase decision. A) emergency product B) staple C) impulse product D) shopping product E) unsought product

A) emergency product

Introducing a new product into the market is called ________. A) technical development B) new product development C) experimenting D) commercialization E) marketing development

D) commercialization

________ is the degree to which consumers find a new product or its use difficult to understand. A) Compatibility B) Complexity C) Relative advantage D) Comparability E) Tangibility

B) Complexity

________ include convenience products, shopping products, specialty products, and unsought products. A) Specialty services B) Consumer products C) Line extensions D) Industrial products E) Component products

B) Consumer products

________ occurred when Alton Johnson's fascination with the fruits of Brazil led him to develop juices with new fruit flavors by Bosa Nova for the American market. A) Idea screening B) Idea generation C) Concept testing D) Product development E) Product manufacturing

B) Idea generation

________ is how visible a new product and its benefits are to others who might adopt it. A) Compatibility B) Observability C) Relative advantage D) Comparability E) Tangibility

B) Observability

Which of the following is an example of a good? A) a massage B) a handbag C) a medical examination by a doctor D) an idea for a new television show E) dry cleaning

B) a handbag

Which of the following is the best example of a durable good? A) a bag of cat food B) a refrigerator C) a bottle of nail polish D) a package of lightbulbs E) detergent

B) a refrigerator

Which of the following products would most consumers classify as a shopping product? A) a subscription to a the Wall Street Journal B) a winter coat C) a box of adhesive bandages D) a can of soup E) a pack of gum

B) a winter coat

In which stage of the consumer's adoption of a new product does the purchase actually take place? A) awareness B) adoption C) interest D) tipping point E) evaluation

B) adoption

The first step in the adoption process is ________. A) product evaluation B) awareness C) problem recognition D) evaluation E) interest

B) awareness

Heavy equipment, which includes items such as buildings and robotics, is also referred to as ________. A) component parts B) capital equipment C) accessory equipment D) operating supplies E) specialized services

B) capital equipment

In terms of the five characteristics of innovations that affect the rate of adoption, the digital camera would most clearly have a higher degree of ________ than flavored bottled water. A) compatibility B) complexity C) tangibility D) comparability E) trialability

B) complexity

A ________ is a modification to an existing product. A) technical innovation B) continuous innovation C) discontinuous innovation D) commercial innovation E) dynamically discontinuous innovation

B) continuous innovation

The ________ for a guest paying for a night's stay at a hotel is rest and sleep. A) generic product B) core product C) value-deliverable product D) augmented product E) actual product

B) core product

Unlike innovators, early adopters ________. A) compose the smallest of the adopter categories B) have greater concern for social acceptance C) have stronger physiological needs than others in the population D) are light media users E) are more worldly than the rest of the population

B) have greater concern for social acceptance

Camille was standing in the checkout line at her neighborhood grocery last night when she saw a display of Hostess Twinkies. She remembered how much she had enjoyed Twinkies as a child, and she knew she just had to buy a package of Twinkies, even though it was not on her shopping list. For Camille, Twinkies are an example of a(n) ________. A) unsought product B) impulse product C) staple D) emergency product E) MRO product

B) impulse product

Marketers are primarily striving to generate customer ________ when they use a teaser advertisement created to give prospective customers just enough information about a new product to make them curious. A) confirmation B) interest C) evaluation D) adoption E) impulse purchasing

B) interest

A consumer doesn't have to learn anything new to use a(n) ________. A) dynamically continuous innovation B) dynamically continuous new product C) discontinuous new product D) continuous innovation E) discontinuous innovation

D) continuous innovation

Procter & Gamble introduced its Duncan Hines ready-to-spread frosting in a small geographic area. When General Foods became aware of the product, it rushed to market its own Betty Crocker ready-to-spread frosting, which eclipsed the Duncan Hines product introduction. This act illustrates ________. A) why many companies engage in test marketing B) one of the problems associated with test marketing C) why prototypes are so important D) how idea screening can make a product a commercial success E) the variety of sources for idea generation

B) one of the problems associated with test marketing

For a veterinarian's office, the paper used to print payment receipts is an example of a(n) ________. A) repair product B) operating supply C) maintenance product D) component part E) raw material

B) operating supply

In the new-product development process, a description of the features a product will have and the benefits those features will provide a customer is called a ________. A) product idea B) product concept C) product image D) product proposal E) product movement

B) product concept

In the ________ of the new-product development phase, marketers estimate the technical and the commercial success of an idea for a new product. A) problem recognition B) product concept development and screening C) idea generation D) commercialization E) technical development

B) product concept development and screening

Which type of product is a basic or necessary item that is available almost everywhere? A) emergency product B) staple C) impulse product D) shopping product E) unsought product

B) staple

Which of the following is NOT identified as one of the five characteristics of innovations that affect the rate of adoption? A) relative advantage B) tangibility C) observability D) trialability E) compatibility

B) tangibility

Which of the following statements about the adopter categories is true? A) More than 50 percent of the population is classified as late majority adopters. B) Early adopters are risk aversive. C) Early majority adopters are typically middle class and like to buy established products. D) Innovators are a much larger group than laggards. E) Late majority adopters are typically unconcerned about social acceptance.

C) Early majority adopters are typically middle class and like to buy established products.

________ is the category of business-to-business products that refers to the products an organization uses in its daily operations. A) Raw materials B) Component parts C) Equipment D) Processed materials E) MRO products

C) Equipment

________ is the degree to which a consumer perceives that a new product provides superior benefits. A) Compatibility B) Complexity C) Relative advantage D) Comparability E) Tangibility

C) Relative advantage

________ are consumer products for which a consumer either has little awareness or interest until a need arises. These products require a lot of advertising, personal selling, and other marketing efforts. A) Specialty products B) MRO products C) Unsought products D) Shopping products E) Staples

C) Unsought products

Which of the following is the best example of a convenience product? A) a silk scarf B) a subscription to a magazine C) a gallon of milk D) a lawn mower E) a CD player

C) a gallon of milk

In terms of business-to-business products, computers and printers are examples of ________. A) component parts B) capital equipment C) accessory equipment D) operating supplies E) specialized services

C) accessory equipment

The business analysis for a new product begins with ________. A) idea generation B) problem recognition C) assessing how the new product will fit into a firm's total product mix D) perceptual mapping E) identifying the distribution channel for the product

C) assessing how the new product will fit into a firm's total product mix

The ________ is the actual product such as a refrigerator plus delivery, installation, financing, and warranty. A) actual product B) value network C) augmented product D) potential product E) core product

C) augmented product

During which stage of new-product development will management most likely consider whether the new product will cannibalize sales of the company's existing products? A) idea generation B) marketing strategy development C) business analysis D) product concept development E) test marketing

C) business analysis

Marketers estimate ________ when they determine whether anyone is likely to buy a new product. A) pricing points B) distribution costs C) commercial success D) technical success E) creative success

C) commercial success

A product has three distinct layers. The most basic level is the ________, which consists of all the benefits the product will provide for consumers or business customers. A) actual product B) augmented product C) core product D) innovation E) brand

C) core product

A(n) ________ is a purchase made on the spur of the moment without any planning or search effort. A) unsought product B) commodity C) impulse purchase D) emergency product E) shopping product

C) impulse purchase

Harrah's built a large casino in the St. Louis area. In terms of business-to-business products, the structure that houses Harrah's casino is a(n) ________. A) accessory equipment B) specialty product C) installation D) component part E) MRO product

C) installation

Traffic in major metropolitan areas is too often brought to a standstill because accident investigators must painstakingly measure skid marks and other evidence to determine culpability. After a police chief missed an important meeting because of a wreck investigation, he was pleased to find an article about a company that markets a new high-tech crash investigation system that shortens the time required for these investigations by 40 percent. In which stage of the adoption process is the police chief? A) evaluation B) trial C) interest D) confirmation E) adoption

C) interest

For the business market, a multipurpose absorbent used to clean up any type of spills would be an example of a(n) ________. A) repair product B) operating supply C) maintenance product D) restoration product E) consumer product

C) maintenance product

Burger King developed a new french fry to compete with McDonald's fry--considered the world's best. Burger King's specifications included that the crunch would last for seven or more chews. The product failed because consumers did not like the fry as much as McDonald's fry. Burger King did not ________ the idea for both technical and commercial value. A) test market B) advertise C) screen D) promote E) style

C) screen

A(n) ________ is a good or service for which consumers will spend time and effort gathering information on price, product attributes, and product quality. A) impulse product B) homogeneous product C) shopping product D) convenience product E) emergency product

C) shopping product

Bonneville Communications is concerned about test marketing its new device. Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of test marketing that would likely concern Bonneville Communications? A) Test marketing costs can be high. B) Test markets give competitors a peek at the company's promotional strategy. C) Test marketing allows time for competitors to gain advantages. D) People who are surveyed tend to tell less than the truth. E) Test marketing does not guarantee success.

D) People who are surveyed tend to tell less than the truth.

Marissa arrived early for her job interview. She was very excited about the opportunity to interview for a prestigious position. As she got out of the car, she got a run in her pantyhose. She was pleased to see a convenience store down the road and went there to purchase a replacement pair of pantyhose. For Marissa, the pantyhose are an example of a(n) ________. A) unsought product B) impulse product C) staple D) emergency product E) MRO product

D) emergency product

An Internet company provides other businesses operating on the Internet with various kinds of help handling distribution bottlenecks, including managing tariffs and exchange rates for international shipping. This company provides a(n) ________. A) component service B) processed product C) MRO product D) specialized service E) MRO service

D) specialized service

Which of the following adjectives best describes a product that would be classified as a good? A) nonperishable B) convenient C) disposable D) tangible E) heterogeneous

D) tangible

One of the advantages of test marketing is ________. A) the low cost B) the ability to keep information from falling into competitors' hands C) the opportunity to survey prospective customers D) the ability to evaluate a product and its marketing program before commercialization E) the opportunity to sell existing products to a core customer base

D) the ability to evaluate a product and its marketing program before commercialization

Diffusion refers to ________. A) the promotion used to support products throughout their product life cycle B) the second stage of the market segmentation process C) the methodology used for evaluating new product ideas D) the way the use of a product spreads throughout a population E) the selection of opinion leaders to encourage product acceptance

D) the way the use of a product spreads throughout a population

Consumers must engage in a great amount of learning to use a ________ because no similar product has ever been on the market. A) dynamically continuous innovation B) nonradical innovation C) competitive innovation D) continuous innovation E) discontinuous innovation

E) discontinuous innovation

Prior to the development of the cardiac stent, surgeons used balloons to clear obstructed heart vessels, but there was no way to ensure the vessels would stay open. The stent is a tiny metal scaffold that props open the formerly obstructed blood vessel and keeps it from becoming obstructed again. Surgeons who use the stent had to engage in a great deal of learning to understand its use and its value in patient care. There was nothing like the stent on the market when it first appeared. The cardiac stent is an example of a ________. A) dynamically continuous innovation B) nonradical innovation C) competitive innovation D) continuous innovation E) discontinuous innovation

E) discontinuous innovation

In business-to-business e-commerce, consumers can use ________ to shop more efficiently. These programs find sites selling a particular product and may also provide information on competitors' prices. A) MRO agents B) augmenting agents C) cookies D) screening agents E) intelligent agents

E) intelligent agents

A knockoff is a ________. A) company that uses a me-too strategy for its promotion B) company that uses comparative advertising C) new product that is so radically different from anything on the market that it has difficulty moving out of the introduction stage of its product life cycle D) product that is unbranded E) new product that copies, with slight modifications, the design of an original product

E) new product that copies, with slight modifications, the design of an original product

Which of the following new products had the greatest degree of observability when it was introduced? A) nail clippers designed to prevent ingrown toenails B) Tylenol PM, a nonprescription sleep aid C) Dr. Scholl's shoe inserts D) Splenda sugar substitute E) rollerblades

E) rollerblades