MMA131: Midterms REVIEWER

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"Animation can explain whatever the mind of man can conceive." Walt Disney

Animation comes from the Latin words _____ and ____.

* "anima" which means "life" * "animate" which means "to breathe life into"

Two distinct categories of Shapes:

* Geometric (or regular) * Organic (where the shapes are more free form)

What was the first ever animation?

* It began hundreds of thousands of years ago. We're all familiar with the stereotypical cave painting imagery which usually depicted hunting in motion. * Until, around 1600 - 1877, With the spread of the Industrial Revolution in Europe and North America in the 18th and 19th centuries came experimentation with machines that would make images appear to move.

Five basic principles of Composition

* Proximity * White Space * Alignment * Contrast * Repetition

Common types of fonts

* Serif fonts * Sans serif fonts * Display fonts

Some notable examples from ancient times, as well as an example from the European Renaissance, include:

* Shahr-e Sukhteh "The Burnt City" * Vitruvian Man

In design, texture adds _____ and ____ to otherwise flat images. Objects can appear smooth, rough, hard, or so, depending on the elements at play.

* depth * tactility

Elements of fundamentals of design

* line * shape * form * texture * balance

It might help to imagine your content arranged inside of a grid, just like the example below. Notice how there's an invisible line centering each image to the text? Each grouping is also evenly spaced and aligned, with equal-sized margins.

Alignment

is something you deal with all the time, even if you don't realize it. Whenever you type an email or create a document, the text is aligned automatically.

Alignment

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Also, people tend to relate to animated characters in a way that they sometimes can't with human actors or models in live action videos or shows.

The act of creating the illusion of movement through still images.

Animation

comes from the Latin words "anima" which means "life" and "animate" which means "to breathe life into".

Animation

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Animation allows you to bring to life concepts that may be cost-prohibitive or even impossible with live-action

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Animation has had various uses over the past, as it reached various nations with many different cultural practices and societies. All of these influences are typically portrayed through animation, and the medium has found use for promoting propaganda, rallying support for political causes, advertising, and also largely as entertainment features for public consumers.

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Animation has its applications in many different fields and has been utilized in order to "spice up" dull websites and videos which people would ordinarily not pay attention to and bring to life or portray concepts which cannot be witnessed through realistic means

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Animation is the most important because the animation give the life to the characters and elements which help to communicate the audience in an effective manner.

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Animations helping to portray microscopic or invisible activity for a science documentary.

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Archeological artifacts prove that we've been attempting to depict things in motion as long as we've been able to draw.

designs are different, but the weight is still evenly distributed. The composition is balanced because it calls attention to the right things (in this example, the person's name and company logo).

Asymmetrical

can be a ected by many things, including color, size, number, and negative space

Balance

is the equal distribution of visual weight (more specifically, how much any one element attracts the viewer's eye).

Balance

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Basic forms can bring a touch of realism to your work, which is a powerful tool when used in moderation.

Why is it important to choose an appropriate font for your message?

Choosing an appropriate font is important because fonts have their own language and can convey different tones and messages. They can appear casual, neutral, exotic, or graphic, so it's essential to think about your message and select a font that suits it.

simply means that one item is different from another. In layout and composition, it can help you do many things, like catch the reader's eye, create emphasis, or call attention to something important.

Contrast

Because of their decorative nature, it is best for small amounts of text, like titles and headers and more graphic-heavy designs.

Display fonts

It comes in many different styles, like script, blackletter, all caps, and just plain fancy.

Display fonts

What are the key steps in establishing hierarchy in design?

Establishing hierarchy is achieved by first determining which elements you want the reader to notice first and then making those elements stand out. High-level items are typically made larger, bolder, or different in some way. It's important to keep the hierarchy simple and use only a few complementary styles.

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Even images that are less realistic use similar techniques to create dimension. Below, the lighting and shading are stylized, but still hint at form and depth.

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For beginners, textures make great background images and can add a lot of interest to your work. Look closely, and you may find texture in unexpected places, like distressed fonts and smooth, glossy icons.

make up a variety of things in the real world, including sculptures, architecture, and other three-dimensional objects.

Forms

are the foundation of every visual medium, from fine art to modern web design. They're even present in seemingly unimportant details, like the fonts that make up most compositions.

Fundamentals of design

Contrast is also closely tied to _____, which is a visual technique that can help the viewer navigate your work. In other words, it shows them where to begin and where to go next using different levels of emphasis.

Hierarchy

What is the primary purpose of hierarchy in design?

Hierarchy in design is used to guide the reader's eye to the most important elements, indicating where to start and where to proceed next by employing various levels of emphasis. Hierarchy in design is used to guide the reader's eye to the most important elements, indicating where to start and where to proceed next by employing various levels of emphasis.

What should you do if you come across a font with bad kerning while designing?

If you encounter a font with bad kerning while designing, it's best to choose a different font rather than attempting to work with it, as bad kerning can result in improperly spaced letters.

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In repetition, for instance, if you have a specific color palette, look for ways to carry it through. If you've chosen a special header style, use it every time. It's not just for aesthetic reasons—being consistent can also make your work easier to read. When viewers know what to expect, they can relax and focus on the content.

Why is composition so important?

In short, it's the way your content is arranged. It doesn't matter if you're working with text, images, or elements in a graphic; without a thoughtful, well-composed layout, your work would basically fall apart.

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Just be careful not to go overboard—too much texture in a single design can quickly become overwhelming.

Unlike tracking, it varies over the course of the word because each letter fits together differently

Kerning

is the space between specific characters

Kerning

also known as line spacing

Leading

is the space between lines of text

Leading

is a shape that connects two or more points. It can be fat, thin, wavy, or jagged— the list goes on. Every possibility gives the line a slightly different feel.

Line

_____ appear frequently in design; for example, in drawings and illustrations. They're also common in graphic elements, like textures, patterns, and backgrounds.

Lines

can be used in more humble compositions, too—for organization, emphasis, or just decoration. In the example below, it has been used to create a flow chart that guides the reader's eye from one element to the next.

Lines

The _____ is an image projector using pictures on sheets of glass. Since some sheets contain moving parts, it is considered the first example of projected animation.

Magic Lantern

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Mastering balance can be tricky for beginners because it does take some intuition. Luckily, the design world is full of examples that can help you understand its different iterations.

Groups that are NOT related to each other should be separated to visually emphasize their lack of a relationship. All in all, this makes your work easier to understand at a glance, whether it's purely text or something more visual.

Proximity

In practice, it's pretty simple—all you have to do is make sure related items are grouped together (for instance, blocks of text or elements in a graphic).

Proximity

is all about using visual space to show relationships in your content.

Proximity

is a reminder that every project should have a consistent look and feel. This means finding ways to reinforce your design by repeating or echoing certain elements.

Repetition

This style is considered more clean and modern than serif fonts. Also, it tends to be easier to read on computer screens, including smartphones and tablets

Sans serif fonts

don't have that extra stroke—hence the name, which is French for without serif.

Sans serif fonts

Because of their classic look, they're a good choice for more traditional projects. They're also common in print publications, like magazines and newspapers.

Serif fonts

It has little strokes attached to the main part of the letter.

Serif fonts

A bronze-age pottery bowl depicts goats leaping.

Shahr-e Sukhteh "The Burnt City"

is any two-dimensional area with a recognizable boundary. This includes circles, squares, triangles, and so on.

Shape

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Shapes are a vital part of communicating ideas visually. They give images heft and make them recognizable. We understand street signs, symbols, and even abstract art largely because of shapes

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Shapes have a surprising number of uses in everyday design. They can help you organize or separate content, create simple illustrations, or just add interest to your work.

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Sharing its artistic incentive with the world of comic books as well as film, the world of animation has always been an important staple in a consumerist culture that supports itself with visual advertising and media.

What are some fonts that are often recommended to avoid due to their reputation?

Some fonts recommended to avoid due to their reputation for being outdated and overused include Comic Sans, Curlz, and Papyrus.*If you find yourself tempted by them, think twice and consider using something else. There are many fonts with a similar look and feel that are less likely to detract from your message.*

designs are the same or similar on both sides of an axis. They feel balanced because each side is effectively the same (if not identical).

Symmetrical

is the physical quality of a surface. Like form, it can be part of a three dimensional object, as in the example below (a small prickly cactus in a shiny ceramic pot). Or it can be implied through illustration, suggesting that it would have texture if it existed in real life.

Texture

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The fundamentals can be intimidating at first, especially if you don't consider yourself an artist. But keep an open mind—there's a lot they can teach you about working with different assets and creating simple visuals from scratch.

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The fundamentals of design are all about the bigger picture—in other words, learning to appreciate the many small details that make up every composition.

What is the goal when determining line spacing for text in design?

The goal when determining line spacing for text in design is to make the text as comfortable to read as possible. Using too much or too little spacing can result in an unpleasant reading experience for the reader. The default line spacing is often suitable in many cases.

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The industry's contributions towards the art of telling complex stories and narratives through gestures and different perspectives from its early days until now, shows the link that animation has with film, comic books, and also in the present; video games.

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The principles you just learned can help you elevate any project. All it takes is a little attention to detail and you can create beautiful, professional-looking compositions.

What is the recommended approach when it comes to using fonts in design?

The recommended approach is to use "less is more" and limit yourself to one or two fonts per project.To create contrast, you can repeat one of your fonts in a different size, weight, or style, which is a reliable technique for creating interesting font combinations that work well together.

is the overall space between characters

Tracking

sometimes called character spacing

Tracking

Leonardo da Vinci's _____ drawing showsmultiple angles, implying movement.

Vitruvian Man

What difference can well-crafted text make in a design, especially for those new to design?

Well-crafted text can transform something ordinary into something extraordinary, even for beginners in design. All it requires is an interest in typography, which allows you to become more observant, discerning, and proficient in your own design work.

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When working with lines, pay attention to things like weight, color, texture, and style. These subtle qualities can have a big impact on the way your design is perceived. Look for places where lines are hiding in plain sight; for example, in text. Even here, experimenting with different line qualities can give you very different results.

There's no one way to use white space correctly, but it's good to understand its purpose. White space helps you define and separate different sections; it gives your content room to breathe. If your work ever starts to feel cluttered or uncomfortable, a little white space might be just what the doctor ordered.

White Space

it means negative space, like the spaces between your content, between lines, and even the outer margins.

White Space

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With the spread of the Industrial Revolution in Europe and North America in the 18th and 19th centuries came experimentation with machines that would make images appear to move.

Why should you adjust tracking in a design, and what purpose can it serve?

You might adjust tracking in a design to create a specific artistic effect, and it can also be used to improve the spacing of fonts that are poorly spaced to begin with.

It's this attention to detail that makes the composition easier to navigate. Without consistent _____, your work could start to feel disorganized.

alignment

The _____, also known as the kineograph, reached a wide audience and is credited with inspiring early animators more than the machines developed in this era.

flip-book

When a shape becomes 3D, we call it a

form

Animation consists of still images called _____ with slight differences between them. When viewed together in a sequence, they give the illusion of motion - like a flipbook.

frames

In everyday composition, the purpose of form is the same, but on a smaller scale. For example, a simple shadow can create the _____ of layers or give an object a sense of place

illusion

However, forms don't have to be three-dimensional shapes. They can also be implied through _____, using techniques like light, shadow, and perspective to create the illusion of depth.

illustration

The flip-book, also known as the _____, reached a wide audience and is credited with inspiring early animators more than the machines developed in this era.

kineograph

They give your work structure and make it easier to navigate, from the margins on the sides to the content in between.

layout and composition

are the building blocks of design

layout and composition

are the unsung heroes of design. It's easy to overlook their role, but they're part of everything you do.

layout and composition

The thaumatrope housed a rotating mechanism with a different picture on each side. When rotated, you saw a combined picture (known as ____).

persistence of vision

The _____ featured spinning disks reflected in mirrors thatmade it seem like the pictures were moving.

phenakitoscope

In two-dimensional design, form makes _____ possible. Without it, renderings like the image below—a ball with highlights and shading—simply wouldn't be the same.

realism

Many people, including designers and photographers, use a strategy called the

rule of thirds

This imagines your work area divided into a 3x3 grid. The focal point of the image is placed on or near one of the grid lines, creating visual balance with the rest of the space.

rule of thirds

The _____ housed a rotating mechanism with a different picture on each side. When rotated, you saw a combined picture (known as persistence of vision).

thaumatrope

The key to mastering layout and composition is

to think like a designer

It refers to the art of working with text—something you probably do all the time if you create documents or other projects for work, school, or yourself.

typography

is the style or appearance of text

typography

The _____ was a hollow drum that housed images on long interchangeable strips that spin and made the images appear to move.

zoetrope