MMC Chapter 8 TV, Cable, and Mobile Video
(DEF:) Ratings technology; a special remote control with personalized buttons for each viewer in the household.
personal peoplemeter
Nielson ratings select 37,000 households thought to be representative of the entire US viewing audience and record data on what people in those TV households are watching using what device?
personal peoplemeter
What 2 operations does a VCR offer?
time-shifting and zipping
(DEF:) Fast-forwarding through taped commercials.
zipping
RCA finally conceded to a multi-year licensing agreement concerning Farnsworth's 1937 patent for television totaling how much?
$1 million.
When CBS wanted Lucille Ball to move her radio program to TV, what demands did she make?
1. She wanted her real-life husband (Desi Arnaz) to play her on-screen husband. 2. She wanted her program produced in front of a live audience with three film cameras. 3. She wanted production to take place in Hollywood instead of NY.
During what decade were more television sets sold in the US than there were children being born?
1950s
Which decade witnessed the immense social and political power of the TV to force profound alterations in the country's consciousness and behavior?
1960s
Nielsen counts audience on how many screens? What are they?
3 screens; TV (original plus DVR), Internet, and mobile video.
What are the 3 main networks?
ABC, CBS, NBC
In 1951, what company completed its national network for the distribution of television programming?
AT&T
Involving affiliates and networks, how has compensation in the broadcast TV industry changed over the years?
Affiliates used to get paid by networks, but now, affiliates pay networks to be considered an affiliate.
In 1962, what legislation did Congress pass, requiring that all sets imported into or manufactured in the US be equipped with both VHF and UHF receivers?
All-channel legislation
Television newspeople have an obligation to truthfully and accurately inform the public, but they also have an obligation to do what?
Attract a large number of people so their station or network is profitable.
What is the order in which cable has advanced?
Basic Cable Programming Expanded Basic Cable Premium Cable Direct Broadcast Satellite
What was the trend of television broadcasting in the 1950s?
Broadcasting and number of television sets increased.
(DEF:) Measure of viewing of commercials that appear in a specific program within 3 days of its premiere telecast.
C3 rating
What is a third type of audience measure that is not a program rating?
C3 rating.
(DEF:) Outmoded name for early television.
CATV (community antenna television)
Lucy and Desi borrowed the necessary money and produced I Love Lucy on their own, selling the broadcast rights to who?
CBS
What company refused the requests of Lucille Ball?
CBS
What factor changes how ratings data will be gathered and computed?
Convergence
Why was TV on the Internet slow to take off?
Copyright and piracy concerns; few viewers had sufficient bandwidth.
With what device can viewers stop images with no loss of fidelity; can subtitle a movie in a number of languages; can search for specific scenes from an on-screen picture menu; can access information tracks that give background on the movie?
DVD
Philips Electronics developed which device that offers: • significant amount of control over content in viewers' hands; • "rewind" and play back portions of a program while they are watching and recording; • can digitally record programs by simply telling the system their titles; • can instruct amDVR to automatically record and deliver not only those programs but all similar content over a specified period of time.
DVR
What two people spent a decade fighting over patent battles involving television?
Farnsworth and Zworykin (Zworykin + RCA)
What did Farnsworth do when Sarnoff of RCA offered to buy his patents for $100,000 with the stipulation that Farnsworth become an employee of RCA?
Farnsworth refused.
What were the 2 new formats of TV established in the 1950s?
Feature films and talk shows.
Because of I Love Lucy, what were made possible?
Filmed reruns.
Why do networks link affiliates?
For the purpose of delivering and selling viewers to advertisers.
What show transformed the business and look of television?
I Love Lucy
Ultimately, the convergence between which 2 mediums will be even more seamless as there are several new technologies further discouraging the distinction between the 2?
Internet and TV
Who was the Scottish inventor to first transmit moving images using a mechanical disc as early as 1925 and in 1928, successfully sent a television picture (first transatlantic TV signal) from London to Hartsdale, NY?
John Logie Baird
Cable television = who?
John Walson
Who developed the idea of community antenna television (CATV)?
John Walson
Who used a coaxial cable and self-manufactured boosters (amplifiers) to offer improved picture quality in order to attract more subscribers?
John Walson
What has caused reverse compensation?
Loss of network audience and rise of cable.
In 1951, CBS asked what woman to move her hit radio program My Favorite Husband to television?
Lucille Ball
(DEF:) Connecting multiple sets in a single location or building to a single, master antenna.
MATV (master antenna television)
Who set up master antennas and connected the sets in buildings to them, developing the master antenna television (MATV)?
Milton Jerrold Shapp
Who, later to become Pennsylvania's governor, noticed thousands of antennas cluttering the roofs of department stores and apartment buildings?
Milton Jerrold Shapp
Because of I Love Lucy, the television moved from ____ with its stage drama preference, to ____________, with its entertainment film-mind set.
NY, Hollywood
Shapp and Walson filled their 7-10 channels with content from stations from as far away as which city?
New York
(DEF:) Re-creating some event that is believed to or could have happened.
News staging
Who demonstrated the possibility of using a scanning system to divide a scene into an orderly pattern of transmittable picture elements that could be recomposed as a visual image?
Nipkow
(DEF:) The first workable device for generating electrical signals suitable for the transmission of a scene.
Nipkow disc
Is C3 rating a program rating?
No.
What form of audience measure will soon be abandoned?
Paper diaries
Who developed the first workable device for generating signals suitable for the transmission of a scene that people could see?
Paul Nipkow
In 1927, at the age of 20, who made his first public demonstration—film clips of a prize fight, scenes from a Mary Pickford movie, and other graphic images?
Philo Farnsworth
Who moved from Idaho to San Francisco to perfect an electronic television system, which was a design he had shown his high school science teacher when he was 15 years old?
Philo Farnsworth
After paying Farnsworth $1 million, what company was free to showcase electronic television at the New York World Fair in 1939, and to sell electronic TV cameras to the public?
RCA
David Sarnoff lured Zworykin to head what corporation's electronic research lab?
RCA
What does the "3" in C3 NOT represent?
Screens that audience is counted on.
What is the difference between shares and ratings?
Shares measure viewers as a percentage of TV sets during the time of airing. Ratings measure viewers as a percentage of all TV households.
Because of a lack of sufficient bandwidth, what were the most typical types of video on the Internet?
Short specialty videos (movie trailers, short independent films, music videos, news clips)
What 2 devices have made TV watching an anywhere anytime activity (just as they have for other media)?
Smartphones and tablets
Critics argue that what change, put an end to the golden age of TV and reduced the willingness of networks to try innovative or different types of content, since their names weren't identified with any one given show?
Spot commercial sales.
What shows were instrumental in introducing radio personalities to the television audience, which could see its favorites for the first time?
Talk shows.
Who are the heaviest consumers when it comes to watching video on mobile devices?
Teens.
What law passed in 1992, requires operators to offer a truly basic service composed of the broadcast stations in their area and their access channels?
The Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act.
Which act of 1967 united the educational stations into the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)?
The Public Broadcasting Act of 1967
What event allowed television to demonstrate its enormous power as a vehicle of democracy and freedom after destroying the reputation of Joseph McCarthy?
The Red Scare
When the all-channel legislation was passed, what did UHF independents have to wait for the coming of, in order to become more popular?
The coming of cable.
Through information collected from the personal peoplemeter and sent to Nielson by telephone lines, what can the company determine?
The program watched, who was watching it, and the amount of time each viewer spent with it.
What 1959 scandal changed the way TV networks did business and led to the onset of spot commercial sales?
The quiz show scandal.
(DEF:) Measure of viewing of a single television episode across all platforms.
Total Audience Measurement Index (TAMi)
With convergence, Nielsen now reports data using what index?
Total Audience Measurement Index (TAMi)
(T/F:) 21% of all viewing is in DVR playback, totaling 2 hours and 9 minutes, often adding as many as 7.9 ratings points to prime- time viewing.
True
(T/F:) DVR homes watch more prime-time programming than do non-DVR homes.
True
(T/F:) People spend more time with their mobile device than they do watching TV.
True
(T/F:) Shares do not measure viewers as a percentage of all television households (as do the ratings). Instead, the share measures a program audience as a percentage of the television sets in use at the time it airs.
True
(T/F:) Television reaches more adults each day than any other medium, and those people spend more time with television than any other medium.
True
(T/F:) The large majority of the 1,390 commercial stations in the US are affiliated with a national broadcasting network.
True
(T/F:) News may be journalism, but television news is also a television show, and as such it must attract viewers.
True.
What device allowed people to watch rented and purchased videos, and allowed time-shifting and zipping?
VCR
What 3 devices resulted from the convergence in television and cable?
VCR, DVD, DVR
What devices were introduced commercially in 1976 and quickly became common in American homes, but are now disappearing?
VCRs
When the all-channel legislation was passed, were viewers already hooked on VHF or UHF?
VHF
Who demonstrated the iconoscope tube?
Vladimir Zworykin
Who are the two people that may have invented electronic scanning and are pioneers in the development of television?
Vladimir Zworykin and Philo Farnsworth
What did the coaxial cable and manufactured boosters permit Walson to do?
Walson was able to carry a greater number of channels because more of the original signal was allowed to pass.
Which company attracts as few as 600,000 unique monthly visitors in 2005, today it draws nearly 160 million unique visitors who watch 4 billion videos a day and upload 60 hours of new content every minute?
YouTube
Who is leading the evolution of Internet video from its short-clips era to that of long-form programming?
YouTube
(DEF:) The capacity of wires that bring video content into people's homes.
bandwidth
What does DVD stand for?
digital video disc
What is the term used when parts of the show you're watching show up in commercials... while you're fast-forwarding through the commercials, you stop because you think it's the show, when it's not?
host-selling
(DEF:) First practical television camera using electrical signals (i.e., cathode ray tubes), developed in 1923.
iconoscope tube
What was the first fully practical system to replace earlier cameras, which used special spinning disks to capture light from a single very brightly lit spot?
iconoscope tube
(DEF:) Delivery of distant television signals by cable television for the purpose of improving reception.
importation of distant signals
After moving to the RCA, what improved camera tube did Zworykin develop?
kinescope
Chet Huntley and David Brinkley's 1956 coverage of what events, gave audiences an early glimpse of the power of television to cover news and history in the making?
major political conventions
After AT&T completed its national network for the distribution of television programming, who dominated the medium?
major television networks
(DEF:) Centralized production, distribution, and decision-making organizations; what the business of broadcast television is dominated by.
networks
Carried over from _____, television genres included variety shows, situation comedies, dramas (including Westerns and cop shows), soap operas, and quiz shows.
radio
(DEF:) A fee paid by a local broadcast station for the right to be a network's affiliate.
reverse compensation
(DEF:) The percentage of people listening to radio or of homes using television tuned in to a given piece of programming.
share
A more important measure of television audience is its _______.
share
(DEF:) Selling individual 60-second spots on a given program to a wide variety of advertisers.
spot commercial sales
The information gathered from what device, was transmitted by phone lines to a screen where it showed up as a low-resolution pattern of light and dark?
televisor
What pictorial-transmission machine used mechanical rotating disks to scan moving images into electrical impulses?
televisor
(DEF:) Taping a show for later viewing.
time-shifting
What is the descriptive expression often used today when TV is discussed?
vast wasteland
What does VCR stand for?
videocassette recorders
Who invented the televisor?
Baird
People could buy what items at the RCA Pavilion at prices ranging from $200 for the 5-inch screen to $600 for the deluxe 12- inch-screen model?
Television sets.
What company began with radio, and has tracked television ratings since 1950?
The A.C. Nielsen Company
Because of I Love Lucy, what could be produced relatively quickly and inexpensively?
Weekly series.
