MNGT 3100 Exam 3 Sumners

Proposed by Clayton Alderfer, the ___________ suggests that when people are frustrated trying to achieve a higher-level need, such as personal development, they will turn their attention to meeting lower-level needs, such as connection with others or basic physical needs.

ERG theory

Which of the following statements concerning the relationship between leader characteristics and leader performance are true? Check all that apply.

Early research found that there is only a weak relationship between leader performance and leader characteristics. Traits can be more or less strongly linked to performance, depending on the leader's situation. Few leaders have all of the traits commonly associated with leadership.

If a team leader wanted to help a team such as Patrick's get through the performing stage of team development, he or she should take which of the following actions? Check all that apply.

Facilitate team communication. Help the team establish clear rules for team member behaviors. Manage high task performance. Help team members confront and resolve problems in the interest of the task.

Which of the following employees is most likely to be engaged in his or her work?

Giorgi knows exactly what he needs to get done in the next 3 months. He met with his manager last week to set up his goals.

What can you expect as a result of your job design strategy? Check all that apply.

Increased job challenge Increased job variety Increased long-term employee satisfaction Increased worker autonomy

A consultant hired by your organization has advised your manager to increase his team's cohesiveness. He asks you, "What benefits would greater cohesiveness have that would make it worth the effort?" How do you respond? Check all that apply.

Members of teams with high cohesiveness feel higher loyalty to the team and have better job satisfaction. Teams with high cohesiveness are generally more productive due to the energizing effect of regular interaction among team members.

Which of the following actions should the customer support manager take to best motivate these employees?

Place a widget on employees' computer screens that flashes a happy face every time the average customer wait is less than 2 minutes.

Team managers need to monitor and reward the team's progress. How can the manager of a virtual team best do this? Check all that apply.

Post targets and progress reports in a shared online workspace. Have online recognition ceremonies to celebrate accomplishments. Analyze electronic communication patterns.

They could increase Marco's motivation by:

Reviewing fitness data on Marco's clients that show his work has been improving their health

LinkedIn established an open-ended vacation policy to empower employees to choose how much time to take off from work. If LinkedIn wanted to take other actions to empower its workforce, which of the following should it consider? Check all that apply.

Reward employees based on organizational performance. Make sure employees have the training necessary to maximize their capability. Provide employees with information about company financial performance.

You also remember that research shows:

Smaller teams are more focused on team goals than larger teams

Based on this graph, which of the following statements are true? Check all that apply.

Teams do their best work when there is a moderate level of disagreement among team members. Very low levels of conflict produce low levels of performance.

When discussing influence tactics with your managers, you should tell them that:

The best managers use a variety of influence tactics

If Bob and Mike were analyzing how they motivate their employees in terms of two-factor theory, which of the following would be true?

The recognition and autonomy offered by attending seminars would result in satisfaction, but employees might also be dissatisfied if pay were poor or their ideas were not valued.

A manager has been tasked with turning around the performance of the maintenance department. Which of the following approaches is likely to be least effective?

Threatening to fire employees who do not complete enough work each day

If a manager uses positive reinforcers, such as money and gift certificates, to shape the behavior of his or her employees, what can the manager then expect? Check all that apply.

To see a temporary increase in the rewarded behaviors To satisfy the employees' lower-level needs

Heidi shares in the video that she has an open-door policy in which she invites her franchise owners and their employees to share their innovative ideas so the whole organization can adopt them. As Camp Bow Wow grows, she doesn't want to lose the ability to innovate or the high level of commitment employees have for their jobs. She asks you what other practices she could put in place. Check all that apply.

Use only food and training methods that research has shown are the best for dogs, even when they are relatively expensive or labor-intensive. Schedule one-on-one meetings with as many franchise owners as possible throughout the year to solicit their ideas. Share her vision of Camp Bow Wow as a place where the well-being of animals comes first through webinars and by partnering with animal rescue organizations.

If the purpose of meeting with an employee is to motivate that individual, which of the following would be appropriate topics? Check all that apply.

What rewards the employee values How the employee's job could include more variety and be more meaningful The progress the employee is making toward achieving important goals

You are an experienced manager, and you fortunately have the ability to use all four managerial styles: directing, coaching, supporting, and delegating. You are currently working at Sureslots, an online gambling company. You recently hired four former casino employees. They have learned a little about programming, but they're starting to get frustrated because bugs are popping up in their work. Your boss has given you 2 months to program a new blackjack game. Based on Situational Leadership II, what should you do?

You should sit down with the programmers and give them information about how to deal with bugs as they occur. But make sure that you set aside time for extensive praise and support.

An executive who prioritizes the organization's mission and the needs and goals of subordinates, rather than ego gratification and personal success, can be described as

a servant leader

The job characteristics model is most effective in economically _____________ countries

advantaged

Kennon, your manager, wants everyone to like him, so he brings lunch for everyone in the office on Fridays.

affiliation

Jayden is a cabinetmaker's apprentice who has 10 years of experience in interior design and marketing. As a result, he knows a lot about consumer preferences, and he quietly fumes every time the chief cabinetmaker, Robin, brings him a new piece of furniture to make. He has never confronted Robin, but he often talks about her behind her back.

alienated follower

kendall is __________ because he feels a strong sense of responsibility for his work and regularly does more than his job requires.

an active follower

When Ron started with the company, he was enthusiastic about his work and the organization, but when no one listened to his ideas and he didn't get promotions, he became ______________ . He's still a critical thinker, but he isn't motivated to suggest solutions to problems.

an alienated follower

A doctor who can decide what medications a patient will be given is high on this dimension, whereas a nurse who must follow a doctor's orders is low.

autonomy

results in actions to fulfill needs

behavior

When a manager uses positive and negative reinforcements to change an employee's performance, the manager is using

behavior modification

These needs include a desire to be a part of a larger group—to be accepted and loved. Relationships can be a powerful motivator in the workplace, where people want to get along with their coworkers and bosses.

belongingness needs

Blanchard talks about servant leadership, and Jim Collins talks about Level 5 executives. What do servant leaders and Level 5 executives have in common?

both types of leaders have humility as a core personal characteristic

When a team has high ___________ , it brings a high level of knowledge and skill to its work.

capacity to adapt and learn

The ______ leadership style involves giving employees responsibility for making decisions and implementing them. This style tends to work best with subordinates who _____

delegating; have high ability and high willingness

According to Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, leader behaviors are _____ to change, and ______ leaders perform best in intermediately favorable situations.

difficult; people-oriented

The ________ conflict-handling technique is most appropriate in this situation.

dominating

Isabella works as a volunteer for Habitat for Humanity. She treats everyone she encounters as an equal, and she frequently approaches the Habitat office staff with ideas for new projects. The manager of the local Habitat for Humanity has come to rely on Isabella's input; she regularly approaches him to discuss ideas and projects.

effective follower

Organizations increase ____________ by sharing information with employees at all levels and giving them the authority to make decisions.

empowerment

These needs refer to a desire to feel good about oneself, and they are generally fulfilled by recognition and the attention of others. In organizations, esteem needs can be met with promotions, awards, and positive attention from managers.

esteem needs

After five years with his employer, Barth was excited to receive the notice that he was 100 percent "vested" in the retirement plan, meaning that the employer's contributions to his account were now fully his.

extrinsic

Managers at the chocolate factory were excited to roll out a new employee discount program, which offered 20% off all company products and 50% off gym memberships.

extrinsic

Lelani really likes her new boss. During a meeting last month, the boss outlined specific goals for Lelani to meet, which excited Lelani. But now Lelani isn't sure how well she is doing in terms of meeting the goals, so she is not very motivated.

feedback

satisfy needs, intrinsic or extrinsic rewards

feedback

Karin is the manager of the IT department and has 12 systems analysts reporting to her. Karin and her employees coordinate closely to accomplish the department's goals, and they are a

functional team

Obviously, since all of its members live in your neighborhood, you won't be using a __________ . But since all of your neighbors have different skills, and you are willing to leave the decision making to them, you think that you might start with a _____________ . Whatever type of team you choose, you know that more diversity will bring you ____________ ideas

global team; self-directed team; more

Vonda is frustrated with her manager, Glenda. Last week, when Vonda asked about Glenda's expectations, Glenda said, "Just do your best." But Vonda doesn't know exactly what to do, and as a result, she isn't very motivated.

goal specificity

The people who work for Maid to Order rarely interact with one another. Each employee has his or her own set of clients and works alone to clean their houses.

group

There were 25 reviewers for Noria Khan's new book. Each reviewer submitted his or her work individually, and a senior editor reviewed all of the work to give notes to the author.

group

Members feel comfortable disagreeing and challenging one another in the interest of finding the best solution.

healthy conflict

As a manager seeks to develop her leadership skills, she should be aware that:

ideally, managers will have both management and leadership skills

When a manager clearly communicates important goals to her employees and indicates that she will hold them accountable for meeting those goals, she is engaged in

initiating structure

Female leaders favor a consensual and collaborative process, and influence comes from the relationships they build rather than position power or formal authority. This is called

interactive leadership

Saketh loved teaching because he could tell right away when students "got it"—their faces would light up, and he'd know he had done his job well and helped them learn.

intrinsic

Ruby Harper is the grants and services director for the Greater Columbus Arts Council. Recently, she posted to her blog that she loves her job because it is something she's good at, it changes often, and "the possibilities feel immense." These _________ are intangible but provide personal satisfaction of great value to her.

intrinsic rewards

When a manager uses relationships and formal authority to cause other people in the organization to change their behavior, the manager

is exercising influence

Driving the organization to make changes

leadership

When a work situation factor prevents a leader from displaying a task-oriented or people-oriented behavior, or both, that factor is a

leadership neutralizer

In order to promote __________ , Doug matched employees with jobs carefully so they could use their strengths, and he made sure they had opportunities to take on more challenging work when they were ready for it.

learning and growth

Based on the preceding conversation, what could Becky do to improve her situation? Check all that apply.

leave the job put less effort into her work request a salary increase

Iris, a manager, came into your office last week to complain about her employees. "I just don't get the respect I deserve," she whined. "Don't they understand that I'm their manager? My title alone should make them respect me more!"

legitimate

Forging an effective team can lead to __________ and _____________

lower costs; higher morale

When a student doesn't like her grade, and her professor won't change it, she goes to the dean of the college.

make use of higher authority

Scheduling employees so that work is completed

management

Sam believes in rewarding his employees for their hard work. He is acting as a _________ when he processes their merit raises promptly on their hire date anniversaries.

manager

creates desire to fulfill needs

need

Managers who have a high ____________ want to accomplish tasks and are often effective in entrepreneurial ventures.

need for achievement

In reviewing research on power, you discover that there are three other common sources of power in organizations. Which of the following are included in that list? Check all that apply.

network of relationships personal effect information

Brendan's ______ leadership behavior is likely to be _____ because _______ ________ this leadership behavior.

people-oriented; effective; automatic feedback; has no effect on

Tashia's ________ leadership behavior is likely to be __________ because _________ ___________ this leadership behavior.

people-oriented; effective; experience; has no effect on

If you and a classmate work equally hard on a group project and receive the same grade, you are both likely to _________ the situation

perceive equity in

One day, Marco says, "I'm working hard with my clients and I know what I'm doing. However, I'm not sure the workouts are making a difference in their lives, and that's what really makes me feel good about coming to work." In response, Mike and Bob should address

performance to outcome expectancy

What stage of development is Patrick's soccer team in currently?

performing

These are the things you need for life: food, air, and water. In companies, physiological needs include things such as a comfortable working environment (enough heat and air) and a salary that enables you to survive.

physiological needs

Rewards such as bonuses, thank-yous, and gift cards are all forms of __________ that increase the probability that the behavior they follow will occur again.

positive reinforcement

As secretary of state, Hillary Clinton wanted to change the behavior of nations. Her bid for president of the United States in 2016 was based in part on her desire to lead others.

power

When researchers study how people determine what behaviors will meet their needs, the researchers are working with _________ of motivation, and they are dealing with individuals as active decision makers.

process theories

Jim is the mayor of a small town in the southeast. As mayor, he chairs the monthly town hall meeting. Last week, Jim ejected two people from the meeting when they wouldn't stop talking. This week, Jim notices that those two people stopped talking immediately when their time was up. Jim is using _____________ to modify the behavior of the people who attend town hall meetings.

punishment

In this situation, it is appropriate to choose a ____ leader because the situation is _______ . Leader-member relations are _____ , task structure is _____ , and leader position power is

relationship-oriented; intermediately favorable; poor; structured; strong

Individual members set aside personal agendas; they focus on what's best for the team. Collective outputs define success.

results orientation

The homeroom teacher has _________ because she can choose to give the best-behaving students passes to the school library, which students find a more pleasant place to study than the classroom.

reward power

These are fundamental security needs, which include a safe place to live and freedom from threats. In the workplace, people feel safe when they have things such as job security and health benefits.

safety needs

These needs are fulfilled through growth and development—the underlying drive is to better oneself. Organizations can fulfill self-actualization needs by offering employees training and opportunities to develop their skills.

self-actualization needs

When Taco Bell wanted to open many new locations, the company's leaders knew they would have trouble hiring enough managers. The solution was to train employees to work as ________________ , working together to hire their own colleagues, manage inventory, and do financial reporting.

self-managed teams

According to the ____ model, a leader can adopt one of four leadership styles based on a combination of relationship (concern for people) and task (concern for production) behaviors. The appropriate style depends on the readiness level of the followers. A follower's readiness is based on his or her_____ and ______ to do the work.

situational; ability; willingness

People working in teams are more effective in part due to ____________ , which is the enhancement to performance that comes simply from working with other people instead of by oneself.

social facilitation

Elise said, "I don't think Julián and Ethan are really that far apart here. Their ideas have a lot of overlap."

socioemotional

As the team works together, Carol plays a ___________ , diffusing conflicts and helping everyone feel welcome to contribute ideas.

socioemotional role

Sanjav shouted, "No! We can't do that! If we put the buttons on the bunnies first, we won't be able to get their eyes on properly!" Xian growled back, "Oh, stop acting like a child! We can get the eyes on just fine, even if we put the buttons on first." Sanjav and Xian are on a team that is going through the ___________ stage of development

storming

A baker who designs, bakes, and frosts her own cakes is high on this dimension, but the assembly line worker who installs door handles all day is low.

task identity

Ethan said, "Folks, I've just had a brainstorm! We could get the people in sales to communicate our message to customers. They'll be good at it, they'll enjoy it, and the message will get out really fast."

task specialist

Robbie Whitten and his father, Robert, have a clear task that they work on together: to create white-collar pawn shops that attract high-end clients.

team

The team created to document procedures throughout the organization had several _______________ , or expectations of behavior: be on time for meetings, check email on evenings and weekends, and share cute animal videos found online.

team norms

Now you have to get to work. Your first thought is to have ten members on the team, but management research indicates that ten members would be ____________ . It would be better to have ____________ people on the team.

too many; three to six

When Sascha hires a new employee, she explains that there is a probationary period of six weeks and after that, if the employee's performance is satisfactory, a $1 an hour raise will be given.

transactional leadership

Hunter is the founder and CEO of a website development firm. Clients are typically small to midsized companies that are seeking an offbeat, innovative approach to their online design, as well as functionality that offers customers surprising ways to interact with the site. What is the more appropriate style of leadership, given the type of work Hunter wants his website designers to do?

transformational

James is an agreeable and emotionally stable person. A _________ , he inspires his employees to believe in the changes he wants to make to the organization.

transformational leader

Jackson takes time to get to know each one of his subordinates, especially their needs for achievement, growth, and support, and he seeks to create work experiences that will meet those needs.

transformational leadership

Members connect with one another on a deep emotional level; they feel comfortable being vulnerable with one another.

trust

Developed by Frederick Herzberg, the _______ suggests that hygiene factors must be present to avoid dissatisfaction, while motivators must be present to create satisfaction.

two-factor theory

A manager presents a report to a CEO outlining projected sales for a new store location.

use rational persuasion

If you needed to choose a motto for an interactive leader like Mary Barra to use at GM, which of the following would be most appropriate?

we are all in this together

when a manager uses _________ to increase motivation, the manager is seeking to change job characteristics, such as the skill involved and the meaningfulness of the work, in such a way that both employee satisfaction and productivity will improve.

work design