MNGT 360 Chapter 11

Path-Goal Theory (Evans and House)

-Focuses on the situation and leader behaviors in suggesting that leaders can readily adapt to different situations -Assumes that leaders affect subordinates' performance by clarifying the behaviors (paths) that will lead to desired rewards (goals)

How many separate decision trees are there in Vroom's decision tree approach? -2 -4 -1 -3

2

According to the leadership grid approach, the ideal manager has a ________ rating on the leadership grid. -1, 9 -1, 1 -9, 9 -9, 1

9,9

Fiedler Contingency Theory

A leader is incapable of applying different styles to fit the prevailing situation

_____________ is more closely associated with management than with leadership. -Motivating -Coaching -Building culture -Acquiring resources

Acquiring resources

Employee-centered leader behavior

Attempting to build effective work groups with high performance goals

Vroom's Decision Tree:

Attempts to prescribe how much participation subordinates should be allowed in making decisions -Situational characteristics determine the degree to which subordinates should be encouraged to participate in decision making -Managers can choose between two decision trees -Managers can adopt the endpoint decision styles

Hersey and Blanchard Model:

Based on the premise that appropriate leader behavior depends on the "readiness" of the leader's followers (i.e., the subordinate's degree of motivation, competence, experience, and interest in accepting responsibility)

Leader initiating-structure behaviors

Clearly defining leader-subordinate roles such that subordinates know what is expected of them

Oleg follows Vroom's decision tree to a terminal node, then discusses an important issue with his subordinates before making a decision. Oleg used the ______ style. -Delegate -Facilitate -Consult -Decide

Consult

4 Types of path-goal leader behaviors

Directive: the leader lets subordinates know what is expected of them, gives specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks, schedules work to be done, and maintains definitive standards of performance for subordinates. Supportive: friendly and shows concern for subordinates' status, well-being, and needs. Participative: the leader consults with subordinates about issues and takes their suggestions into account before making a decision. Achievement-Oriented: involves setting challenging goals, expecting subordinates to perform at their highest level, and showing strong confidence that subordinates will put forth effort and accomplish the goals.

Current limited set of leadership traits

Emotional intelligence, drive, motivation, honesty and integrity, self-confidence, congnitive ability, knowledge of the business, charisma

According to Vroom's decision tree approach, one decision-making process is best for all situations. -True -False

False

The Facilitate decision style calls for a manager to present a problem and define it at a group meeting and then persuade the group members to accept the manager's solution. -False -True

False

The Ohio State Studies:

Found two kinds of leadership behavior: Consideration and Initiaiting-Structure. Parallel to Michigan Studies but these two are on independent dimensions

Leader-Member Exchange Model (LMX)

He referred to it as the in or out group in lecure. Stresses the importance of variable relationships between supervisors and each of their subordinates

Which of the following describes someone with a 1,1 rating on the Leadership Grid? -I support results that establish and reinforce harmony. I generate enthusiasm by focusing on positive and pleasing aspects of work. -I initiate team action in a way that invites involvement and commitment. I explore all facts and alternative views to reach a shared understanding of the best solution. -I distance myself from taking active responsibility for results to avoid getting entangled in problems. If forced, I take a passive or supportive position. -I expect results and take control by clearly stating a course of action. I enforce rules that sustain high results and do not permit deviation. Feedback

I distanc myself from taking active responsibility for results to avoid getting entangled in problems. If forced, I take a passive or supportive position.

__________ refers to guiding and influencing others to work willingly toward the leader's objectives. -Power -Management -Leadership -Ethics

Leadership

According to two well-known leadership experts, "_________ controls, arranges, does things right; __________ unleashes energy, sets the vision so we do the right thing." -Leadership, management -Management, leadership -Power, influence -Influence, power

Management, leadership

Job-Centered leader behavior

Paying close attention to the work of subordinates, explaining work procedures, and demonstrating a strong interest in performance

As a process, the definition of leadership incorporates three components. Which of the following is NOT one of them? -Use of noncoercive influence -Directing and coordinating the activities of group members -Planning long-term, strategic changes in an organization -Aiming to meet a goal

Planning long-term, strategic changes in an organization

Leader Consideration behaviors

Showing concern for subordinates' feelings and respecting subordinates' ideas

_________________ determine(s) the degree to which subordinates should participate in the decision-making process, according to Vroom's decision tree approach. -The characteristics of the group -The personal characteristics of each employee -The characteristics of the situation -The manager's leadership style

The characteristics of the situation

Which of the following questions does Vroom's decision tree approach purport to answer? -Have I made the correct decision? -What is the best way to convince my subordinates that the decision I have made is correct? -To what extent should my subordinates be involved in making decisions? -To what extent should my decisions reflect the best interests of my subordinates?

To what extent should my subordinates be involved in making decisions?

According to the Ohio State leadership studies, since consideration and initiating structure are not on the same continuum, the occurrence of one is independent of the occurrence of the other. -True -False

True

Dawn is a manager who sets difficult goals while communicating confidence in subordinates' abilities to achieve those goals. Which type of leadership is Dawn practicing? -achievement oriented -supportive -directive -motivational

achievement-oriented

Early researchers of leadership believed that leaders, as compared to non-leaders, tended to have more of which of the following attributes? -energy level -intelligence -self-confidence -all of these

all of these

Situational Models

assumes that appropriate leader behavior varies from one situation to another situation

Which of the following is more closely associated with leadership than with management? -evaluating -meeting goals -organizing -building trust

building trust

On the Leadership Grid, what label reflects a leader's focus on efficiency, productivity, and goals when deciding how to best accomplish a task? -concern for production -concern for progress -concern for people -concern for professionalism

concern for production

The model proposed by Tannenbaum and Schmidt is a __________ -pyramid of leadership stages. -continuum of leadership behavior. -reflective leadership assessment tool. -blueprint for effective leadership.

continuum of leadership behavior

Development-Driven

decision can be used to improve/develop subordinates' decision-making skills

Time-Driven:

decision must be made on a timely basis

In path-goal theory, the ________ leadership style is best for situations with ambiguous, unstructured tasks. -supportive -achievement-oriented -directive -participative

directive

The consideration leadership behavior identified by the Ohio State studies corresponds to the ______ leadership behavior identified by the Michigan studies. -initiating-structure -job-centered -transformational -employee-centered

employee-centered

The job-centered leadership behavior identified by the Michigan studies corresponds to the ______ leadership behavior identified by the Ohio State studies. -initiating-structure -consideration -transformational -employee-centered

initiating structure

Leadership

is defined as a dynamic, influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real change that reflects their shared purposed

Leadership Grid

method of evaluating leadership styles

The Michigan Studies

suggested that there are two fundamental types of leader behavior: Job-centered and employee centered. On opposites ends of a single continuum

In path-goal theory, the ________ leadership style is characterized by being "friendly and approachable" and showing concern for the status and well-being of subordinates. -directive -supportive -participative -achievement-oriented

supportive

According to Fiedler, _____________ leaders will do well when the situation is extremely favorable or extremely unfavorable for the leader (where leader-member relations, task structure, and leader position power are all very high or very low), and ______________ leaders will do well in more moderate situations. -task-oriented, relationship-oriented -relationship-oriented, task-oriented -positively-oriented, negatively-oriented -negatively-oriented, positively-oriented

task-oriented, relationship-oriented

When you complete the Least Preferred Coworker Scale, you should have whom in mind? -the person whom you like the least -the person with whom you can work the least well -the person with whom you have the least in common -your favorite person

the person with whom you can work the least well