MNGT 361 CH 10

How do organizational consultants carry out a diagnosis?

-By using surveys and questionnaires -By attending meetings and performing direct observation -By consulting company records

What are two factors that contribute to resistance to change?

-Change agent characteristics -Employee characteristics

What are common reasons that employees resist change?

-Fear of the unknown -Peer pressure -Loss of status or job security

Which of the following are among the seven methods of fostering innovation?

-Institute the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures -Create an innovation strategy -Get commitment from top managers -Establish the required structure and processes

Which statements about rewards and innovation goals are true?

-Reward systems should be aligned with innovation goals. -Extrinsic reward receipt needs to be tied to creativity and innovation.

What are likely to cause resistance to change?

-The potential for loss of status -Fears about job security

What are characteristics of products or services regarded as new-direction innovations?

-They did not previously exist. -They focus on creating new customers.

What are resources necessary for innovation?

-Time -Money -Focus

To promote innovation, organizational structure and internal process should foster ______.

-agility -cross-functional communication -collaboration

Place the steps of force-field analysis in order, with the first step at the top.

1) Identify the thrusters and counterthrusters 2) Remove the negative forces 3) Increase the positive forces if necessary

What are matters that can be addressed by organizational development?

Adapting to mergers Revitalizing organizations Managing conflict

Which statement about human capital and innovation is true?

Certain employee characteristics, such as intrinsic motivation and creativity, are positively associated with innovation.

________ agents are one way organizational development (OD) is put into practice.

Change

What is likely to result in employee resistance to change?

Changes that are introduced in an insensitive manner

What is the first step in organizational development

Diagnosis

Match each step in the organization development process with the type of question that it answers.

Diagnosis What is the problem? Intervention What should we do about it? Evaluation How well has the intervention worked? Feedback How can the diagnosis be further refined?

During the past several months, Diah has lost trust in her manager, Casey, due to some of his decisions regarding his employees. He is now trying to change the way employees report their time and are paid. What is the most likely reaction Diah will have to this change?

Diah will be resistant to the changes Casey is implementing.

What is a common cause of employee resistance to change?

Disruption of group relationships

What is achieved by integration of innovation activities into business strategies?

Employees feel committed to innovation in the organization. Management is encouraged to dedicate resources to innovation.

True or false: Management support has little effect on the success of organizational development.

False

True or false: Organizational development is used to hire new executives.

False

Ted's company has recently reorganized. He has been reassigned into a new role for which he feels unprepared, and he is not sure that he can handle his new responsibilities. Which of the following best describes the reason why Ted is resisting the change?

Fear of failure

What is the last step of the organizational development process?

Feedback

At Hudson Food Company, managers permit experimentation, risk taking, and tolerate failure. Which step of supporting innovation does this represent?

Fostering an innovative culture and climate

The desired goals of a change achieved through organizational development may occur at which levels?

Individual Organizational Group

How is organizational development used in conjunction with mergers?

It is used to help integrate the varying cultures, procedures, and products of the two firms

Which is a purpose of organizational development?

Managing conflict

What type of innovation focuses on creating breakthrough products or services that do not yet exist and are aimed at creating brand new markets and customers?

New-direction innovation

Organizational development (OD) can help organizations to revitalize themselves by assisting them with:

Opening Communication Dealing with stress Fostering innovation

What type of structure is best suited to innovation?

Organic

What is a common cause of employee resistance to change?

Personality conflicts

During which stage of Lewin's change model are new employee attitudes and behaviors integrated into their normal way of doing things?

Refreezing

Even though the entire team felt it was important to purchase all of the supplies immediately for the new product line, upper management was concerned about outlaying that much money so early in the development cycle. Which factor of innovation is this company failing to provide?

Resources

What are the four target elements of change?

Social Factors Organizational Arrangements People Methods

Which statement about organizational development is true?

Successful organization development usually involves multiple interventions.

Tameka's company is introducing a new invoicing and billing system. As Tameka is presenting the new system to the accounting team, she is careful to explain why the changes are important. By the time she is done, the accounting team has shown their acceptance of the new procedures. This is likely because ______.

Tameka has used tact

What happens during the last step of the organizational development process?

The diagnosis and intervention are further refined if the problem was not solved.

True or false: Multiple organizational development interventions have been found to work better than single interventions.

True

Place the stages of Lewin's Change Model in the correct order, with the first stage listed at the top and the final stage listed at the bottom.

Unfreezing Changing Refreezing

When is organizational development most likely to be successful?

When goals are tied to both short-term and long-term results

When is organizational development most likely to succeed?

When it is supported by top managers

One of Raiza's coworkers recently quit. Instead of hiring someone new, the company has decided to reorganize Raiza's department and reassign tasks. The result is that Raiza and her coworkers will each have more work but will not receive any additional pay. Everyone in the department is resisting these changes, most likely as a result of ______.

a nonreinforcing reward system

Laila loves her immediate supervisor, her co-workers, and her job, but she does not like her supervisor's boss, Hamid. When he decides to institute some new policies that impact Laila, she is automatically resistant. This is most likely due to ______.

a personality conflict

Managers can reduce mistrust and resistance to change by ______.

being open and honest about changes

Tom's company is very successful, even though they expect most new ideas to fail. This is likely due to an organizational culture that ______.

celebrates failure as vital toward fostering innovation

A consultant with a background in behavioral sciences who works as a catalyst in helping organizations deal with old problems in new ways is called a(n) ______.

change agent

The person who is a catalyst in helping an organization change is the ______.

change agent

Leadership style, personality, tactfulness, and sense of timing are all _____ characteristics that can contribute to employee resistance to change.

change-agent

Organizational development can be used to manage ______ within an organization.

conflict

The common term used to describe the techniques for implementing planned change to make people and companies more effective is called organizational ______.

development

Inessa has worked as part of a four-person development team for several years. Recently, however, one of her coworkers transferred to a different office and a replacement was hired. Inessa and her other long-term teammates are having a hard time accepting the new employee. This is most likely due to ______.

disruption of the group relationship

Organizational development can be used to help ______.

ease the stress related to mergers and acquisitions

A manager would refer to results, such as data about absenteeism or grievances, during the ______ stage of the OD process.

evaluation

The third step in the organization development process is ______.

evaluation

Sometimes changes on the job are intimidating and lead to self-doubt. In this case, employees are most likely to resist change due to _______.

fear of failure

The technique used to determine which forces could act for a proposed change and which forces could act against it is referred to as ______.

force-field analysis

Miriam's mother was in the army, so as a child, Miriam moved a lot. It was rare for her to spend more than a year in any location, which meant she was always the new girl in school and had a hard time making friends. She was often lonely and unhappy as a result. Recently, Miriam's company decided to move into a new building and reorganize the different departments. Miriam is likely to be resistant to this change because ______.

her childhood predisposed her to dislike change

People's reaction to change depends largely on ______.

how they were taught to handle change as children

The productive potential of a company's employees' knowledge, experience, and actions is known as its ______ capital.

human

The process of creating something new that can be applied profitably is referred to as ______.

innovation

A plan for being innovative that requires a company to integrate its innovation activities and business strategies is a(n) ______.

innovation strategy

A set of interdependent processes and structures that dictate how a company seeks out problems and solutions, synthesizes ideas into a business concept and product design, and chooses projects for funding is a(n) ______.

innovation system

In the organizational development process, an attempt to correct a problem is called ______.

intervention

The second step in the organizational development process, ______, is the attempt to correct the diagnosed problems.

intervention

Andre's company is restructuring, and he is unhappy about it. As a result of the restructuring, Andre will be managing four employees instead of nine. He is most likely resistant to the change because it ______.

is resulting in a loss of status

Employees are more likely to resist change if ______.

it is a surprise

An organizational development intervention that works in one country ______.

may not work in another country

Innovations must be ______.

novel

Min's company is implementing a new product approval system that is far more complex and restrictive than the old system. This will not affect Min directly because she is in the marketing department, but it will affect her friend Tyler, who is in the Research and Design department. As a result, Min speaks out against the new system. This is an example of resistance to change due to ______.

peer pressure

Rather than worry about introducing a new sports recovery product, Gabriel told his staff that they should repackage the existing products and promote them to professional basketball teams throughout the country. Gabriel is demonstrating ______ innovation.

process

When a company alters the way a product is manufactured, conceived, or distributed it is referred to as ______ innovation.

process

Changing the appearance or the performance of a product or a service, or the creation of a new one, is called ______ innovation.

product

When a change is made to a product or service that changes its appearance or performance, this is known as a(n) ______ innovation.

product

For organizational development efforts to succeed, human resource policies, procedures, and packages should ______ the other six parts of the innovation system.

reinforce

To reduce employee resistance, rewards systems should ______ proposed changes.

reinforce

If employees feel fairly treated by their managers during an organizational change, they are less likely to _______ the change.

resist

An emotional/behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine is known as ______.

resistance to change

Although commitment from all members of an organization is important, if ______ in particular are not committed to achievement of the organization's innovation goals, the goals are unlikely to be achieved.

senior leaders

Organizational development is more successful when it involves ______.

short-term goals. long-term goals.

Achievement of strategic goals through organization development is likely to fail if ______.

top managers are not committed

In order to overcome employee resistance to innovative change, change agents must first have a ______.

trusting relationship

Organizational development efforts are more likely to fail if they ______.

use the same intervention across cultures