MNGT CH 2

Which organizational resource is the focus of the behavioral management perspective?

human

Which scientist was primarily associated with the Hawthorn Studies?

Elton Mayo

who is known for his attention to working conditions and employee well-being? He also founded a number of Utopian communities and promoted child labor laws and free public education.

Robert Owen

Who was one of the first managers to recognize the importance of human resources?

Robert Owen is one of the earliest industrialists who is recognized for having implemented better working conditions for factory workers.

t/f: Frederick Taylor is the father of management science.

false

t/f: Management science is categorized with the behavioral management perspective.

false

Which of the following is a management perspective that emphasizes mathematical models in decision making? Quantitative management Scientific management Behavioral management Financial management

quantitative

which management perspective relies on mathematical models to guide decisions? (Scientific /Financial / Quantitative / Behavioral management)

quantitative

Both operations management and management sciences are categorized under the _______ management perspective. However, management science uses mathematical models, while operations management is more applied.

quantitive

Blackberry was once a dominant brand in the mobile phone market, but now holds little market share compared to Samsung and Apple. Blackberry appears to be experiencing...

entropy

who was interested in problems of efficiency and is identified with the scientific management perspective. Working in the 20th century, she helped shape the field of industrial/organizational psychology.

Lillian Gilbreth

United Airlines and Continental Airlines decided to merge, in part because the companies had little overlap in their domestic routes and hubs. This is an example of what?

synergy

the result when two or more subsystems work together to create more value than if the two operated separately.

synergy

theory x or y: People have little ambition People will take advantage of management if they can.

X

People are naturally lazy.

X (employees need strong supervision, and that employees will tend to avoid work when they can)

People seek responsibility when conditions are favorable.

Y (employees want to work and are capable when given the proper resources.)

The segment of the economy that has become the largest contributor to US gross domestic product is what sector? this shift has significantly reduced the number of job openings in some areas but has also created new jobs.

service (the service sector has eclipsed the manufacturing sector in importance. This affects the skills that employees need to have, the businesses that other businesses can sell to, and the assumptions that managers make about how businesses operate.)

Frederick Taylor, one of the leading contributors to scientific management, observed employees engaged in __________ , meaning they performed at a pace much slower than their capabilities.

soldiering

Which scientist was primarily associated with the development of administrative management?

Henri Fayol

t/f Management science is not the same as scientific management

true

Your friend who is a human resources manager suggests that you give a presentation on changing employment practices. Some organizations examine job applicants' social media accounts before hiring them, and many have a policy that management can access all communications that flow across the organization's technology infrastructure. As a result, employees are increasingly concerned about....

workplace privacy

Classical management remains relevant to contemporary managers. In which of the following current situations is the relevance of classical management apparent?

Amazon.com's business model emphasizes efficiency (Classical management largely viewed people as machines providing necessary labor. Thus, classical management principles are associated with efficiency, job specialization, bureaucracies, manufacturing jobs, and organizations functioning in highly stable environments.)

which management focuses on employee attitudes and group processes?

Behavioral

Who was the English mathematician who advocated for the application of mathematics to the problem of ensuring the efficient use of facilities?

Charles Babbage

t/f: Robert Owen is credited with the development of scientific management.

False

which management is an area in which managers work rather than a theoretical perspective?

Financial

Which scientist was primarily associated with the development of scientific management?

Frederick Taylor

who was very interested in efficiency. His innovations in job design, especially breaking jobs into small component tasks and standardizing how workers perform those tasks, laid the foundations for scientific management theory.

Frederick Taylor

Which result would have been expected in the Hawthorne Studies had it been based on the principles of scientific management?

Scientific management would have predicted that employees would seek to maximize their wages.

how are management science and scientific management different

Though the names are similar, management science and scientific management are only related in that they both represent perspectives on management. Management science, a branch of the quantitative management perspective, focuses on using mathematical models to assist with decision making; scientific management is a classical management theory from the early 20th century that focuses on breaking jobs into small tasks and standardizing how those tasks are performed.

t/f: Management science is focused on developing mathematical models.

True

The Hawthorne Studies originated with research that was designed to examine the effect of...

lighting in the workplace affected productivity .

As an operations manager, you might use quantitative management techniques to...

manage inventory levels in your retail stores and warehouses (Quantitative management techniques might include simulations, modeling, queuing theory, and more. As an operations manager, you would use these techniques to improve the efficient production of goods and services.)

Though _____________ management is less statistically sophisticated than management science, it is still categorized with the quantitative management perspective.

operations

Disney experienced ________ with the development of the movie, Frozen, because it was able to also use Frozen as a theme at its theme parks and in product merchandising.

synergy // Synergy is the result when two or more subsystems work together to create more value than if the two operated separately. Because Disney was able to use characters, music, and other elements of Frozen to create many products, Disney achieved synergy.

In the _________ perspective, inputs are transformed into outputs and feedback enables the system to be improved in the future. For a sandwich shop, sandwiches are an output, created by the transformative processes of vegetable preparation and baking. Garbage can also be seen as an output of the store.

systems

According to most management researchers, the modern study of management originated in which century?

the 19th century

The term used for conceptual frameworks that organize knowledge and provide blueprints for action is

theory

theory x or y: Work is a natural part of people's lives.

Y

when does entropy occur

Entropy may occur when an organization does not adequately monitor environmental feedback and make adjustments.

Managers who believe in which theory (x/y) approach believe employees need strong supervision, and that employees will tend to avoid work when they can.

Theory X

Managers who believe in which theory (x/y) believe that employees want to work and are capable when given the proper resources.

Theory Y

Charles Babbage, Frederick Taylor, and Frank Gilbreth were all primarily interested in how what could improve

efficiency (BTG)

Scientific management began as managers faced labor shortages in a time of business expansion. Consequently, the focus of scientific management is how to use labor (efficiently/effectively)

efficiently (Productivity was enhanced when people could do more work)

As environmental forces change—including consumer shopping patterns and the power of competitors—companies like JCPenney and Best Buy seek to remain relevant. They seek to avoid ____________ .

entropy

Eastman Kodak failed to make adequate adjustments when the digital camera and smartphone market developed. The company fell victim to the process of

entropy

t/f: Theory Y managers rely heavily on management science to make decisions about employee development.

false

The ____________ management perspective is valuable for automobile manufacturers that use computer simulations and modeling to study outcomes like fuel efficiency and collision damage.

quantitative

Classical management remains relevant to contemporary managers. In which of the following current situations is the relevance of classical management apparent?

Industrial jobs are designed to ensure speed and efficiency

Which branch of psychology is strongly linked to the behavioral management perspective of management?

Industrial psychology // It suggests that management can be instrumental in influencing employee motivation, and this can lead to better organizational effectiveness.

Which of the following statements is true? Henri Fayol is the father of management science. Management science is focused on developing mathematical models. Frederick Taylor developed mathematical models to predict employee productivity.

Management science is focused on developing mathematical models.

If a manager measures which location has the most traffic and includes that information in a model to predict store profits by location, which management perspective is she using?

Quantitative management

If you decide to give a presentation on ethics and social responsibility, which topics might you include? Check all that apply.

Reducing the organization's carbon footprint to reduce climate change Establishing controls so that the organization is not embarrassed by scandals Making contributions to community groups (NOT Training employees in cultural sensitivity so they can work well with people in other countries)

which management emphasizes the efficient design of jobs and performance of tasks?

Scientific

management view that employees are thought of as machines with a desire to maximize wages. Subjective variables like supervisory attention were not considered as an influence

Scientific management

If you decide to give a presentation on quality, which topics might you include? Check all that apply. The competitive advantage offered by quality products and services The risk that a negative customer experience will go viral The positive relationship between quality and productivity The tendency for quality improvements to lower costs

The competitive advantage offered by quality products and services The positive relationship between quality and productivity The tendency for quality improvements to lower costs

What reason was given for the surprising outcome of the Hawthorne studies?

The results were attributed to the presence of special attention and supervision among both the control and experimental groups // The Hawthorne Studies hypothesized that variables like lighting would influence productivity. However, production improved whether lighting was good or bad. The researchers concluded that the attention paid to the employees influenced productivity, even in poor working conditions.

People are often underutilized at work: theory x or y

Y (employees want to work and are capable when given the proper resources.)

Using the elements of the systems perspective, synergy can be thought of as what

an output (Because synergy is an enhancement to productivity, it is considered an output of an organization's systems.)Blackberry was once a dominant brand in the mobile phone market, but now holds little market share compared to Samsung and Apple. Blackberry appears to be experiencing entropy .

the most important reason for today's managers to study the history of management is so they can

avoid the mistakes of the past

list the four steps in Frederick Taylor's system of scientific management

1. Develop a science for each element of the job to replace old rule-of-thumb methods 2. Scientifically select employees and then train them to do the job as described 3.Supervise employees to make sure they follow the prescribed methods for performing their jobs 4. Continue to plan the work, but use workers to get the work done.

Which management perspective is most closely aligned to industrial psychology?

behavioral management