Mod 4

Which of the following statements are true? (Check all that apply.)

*Blue water is fresh surface water. *Grey water is diluted with pollutants. *Green water results from rainfall.

Which of the following are the most popular sources of ethanol? (Check all that apply.)

*Corn *Wheat *Sugarcane

Which of the following areas are addressed by the United Nations Global Compact? (Check all that apply.)

*Environment *Human rights *Anti-corruption *Labor

Which of the following are frameworks for measuring sustainability? (Check all that apply.)

*Global Reporting Initiative *Water Footprinting *Carbon Disclosure Project *Global Compact

Which of the following are alternative energy sources? (Check all that apply.)

*Hydropower *Wind power *Ocean energy

Which of the following are concerns regarding nuclear power? (Check all that apply.)

*Many plants are built in earthquake-prone zones. *Nuclear power plants can be a target for terrorism. *Spent fuel rods present storage challenges.

Which of the following are nonrenewable energy sources? (Check all that apply.)

*Petroleum *Coal *Nuclear power *Natural gas

How do deserts and tropical forests affect trade? (Check all that apply.)

*They increase the cost of transportation. *They separate markets. *They create population concentrations.

Which of the following minerals are rare earths? (Check all that apply.)

*manganese *platinum *chrome *vanadium

Which of the following are the two sources of ocean energy?

*mechanical energy of the tides and waves *sun's heat on the water

Wind power and ocean energy are two forms of ____________ (nonrenewable or alternative?) energy sources.

Alternative

Which topographical component attracts people and facilitates transportation?

Bodies of water

A product's ___________ footprint measures the volume of greenhouse gas emissions associated with it, usually throughout its life cycle.

Carbon

A product's footprint measures the volume of greenhouse gas emissions associated with it, usually throughout its life cycle.

Carbon

Which of the environmental frameworks is a nonprofit organization that provides reporting for sustainable water use and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions?

Carbon Disclosure Project

Which type of power uses mirrors to collect sunlight that heats water running in tubes behind the collector's surface?

Concentrating solar thermal power

Which sustainability approach is most closely in sync with nature?

Cradle-to-cradle design

Wind turbines are becoming more common throughout the United States. These turbines create a source of _________ energy.

Electric

If a business decided to conduct all of its manufacturing processes in another country because it could produce items at a lower cost in that country, but it failed to pay the employees in the other country a fair wage because "everyone in that country is poor," then that company would not be applying which of the following concepts?

Equity in distribution

True or false: Inland waterways provide expensive access to interior markets.

False

True or false: While plains and plateaus can impede exchange and interaction between neighboring countries, mountains facilitate trade and make exchange more likely.

False

A(n) _________ waterway is a body of water that provides inexpensive access to interior markets.

Inland

__________ describes the complex relationships that sustainable practices create among ecological, social, and economic systems, in which actions in one of these systems may affect the other two.

Interdependence

Carbon footprinting is a way to _____ sustainability.

Measure

Concentrating solar thermal power uses _____ to collect sunlight that heats water running in tubes behind the collector's surface.

Mirrors

All the formations of our ecosystem that provide us with goods and services on which our survival depends are collectively referred to as ______ capital.

Natural

A ____________ (renewable/nonrenewable) energy source cannot be replenished naturally.

Nonrenewable

The least developed of the seven alternative energy sources is ________.

Ocean energy

More than _____ of the Earth's surface consists of arid and semiarid desert regions.

One-third

Which nonrenewable energy source has been a cheap source of energy and a raw material for plastics, fertilizers, and other industrial applications?

Petroleum

Which theory is an understanding of how business operates that takes into account all identifiable interest holders?

Stakeholder

Which country leads the world in recoverable coal reserves, with enough to last more than 200 years?

United States

When viewing itself in a societal context, a company is able to _______. (Check all that apply.)

*Address ways to achieve equity of distribution *Manage the interdependencies among ecological, social, and economic systems *Identify limits for its operations

Environmental sustainability calls on businesses to develop new approaches to the way they _______. (Check all that apply.)

*Ensure the health and well-being of all living creatures *Design, produce, distribute, and consume goods and services *Establish market prices for goods and services *Provide and consume energy

Which of the following describe carbon footprinting? (Check all that apply.)

*It measures direct consumption as a result of product use. *It measures indirect consumption as a result of the manufacture of the product. *It measures the volume of greenhouse gas emissions.

The Carbon Disclosure Project is a nonprofit organization that provides reporting frameworks for _______. (Check all that apply.)

*Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions *Sustainable water use

What are the two major categories of natural resources? (Check two.)

*Renewable *Nonrenewable

World population maps clearly show that densely populated regions coincide with ________. (Check all that apply.)

*Rivers *Lakes *Seacoasts

Mountains can act as barriers by _______. (Check all that apply.)

*Separating neighbors *Creating cultural barriers *Impeding trade

Which of the following are forms of renewable energy? (Check all that apply.

*Solar power *Wind power

Which of the following are characteristics of environmentally sustainable businesses? (Check all that apply.)

*They accept that resources are limited. *They develop ways to manage the interdependence of the systems in which they operate. *They recognize the need for equity in their supply chains.

Which of the following are characteristics of equity in distribution as part of the sustainability context? (Check all that apply.)

*Vast inequities may lead to social disruption and violence. *There cannot be vast differences in the distribution of gains. *All stakeholders have to benefit to some degree from the value added by business activities.

How many of the United Nations Global Compact's 10 principles address the environment?

3

The International Atomic Energy Agency lists ______ nuclear plants in operation across 30 countries.

453

The life cycle ________________ is the approach used to evaluate the environmental impact aspects of a product or service throughout its life cycle. This same process is sometimes called cradle-to-grave analysis.

Assessment

Ethanol is a type of ___________ (biomass/photovoltaic) fuel.

Biomass

The Global Reporting Initiative is a network made up mostly of ________ that have collaborated to develop a sustainability reporting framework.

Businesses

Which country has the majority of new nuclear power plant construction?

China

The North-South divide is based on the idea that _____ affects economic and intellectual development.

Climate

_________ is the set of meteorological conditions of temperature, precipitation, and wind that prevail in a region.

Climate

The emissions released by burning ________ are directly responsible for global warming.

Coal

Limits address the reality that environmental resources are ______.

Exhaustible

True or false: Natural gas has greenhouse-gas emissions significantly higher than those of oil or coal.

False

A water ______ is a measure of the amount of water used in a product's manufacture and use.

Footprint

Heat that is drawn from steam reservoirs deep in the earth is used to create _______ power.

Geothermal

Which type of power is derived from the heat stored in the earth?

Geothermal power

The _______ guidelines provide businesses with information on measuring and reporting the environmental impact of their operations.

Global Reporting Initiative

The fracking process used to extract oil from the ground has caused public health problems, more traffic, and social disturbances in the areas of the country where the process takes place. In other words, the single action of fracking has affected other systems.The results of fracking offer an example of the _____ of systems.

Interdependence

The peak production period of petroleum _______.

Is occurring right now

Roberto's company produces computer hardware and is holding off the release of its newest memory chips until it receives a report on how the disposal of the new chips could affect landfills and run-off in the future. Roberto's company is using _____ to evaluate the product.

Life cycle Assessment

Kenneth is a farmer and realizes that much of the soil in the region of the country where he lives is becoming unusable to grow certain crops. What term is used to describe environmental resources that are exhaustible?

Limits

Anything supplied by nature on which people depend is called a _______ resource.

Natural

Land, air, water, and living organisms are all components of __________ (natural or social?) capital.

Natural

Biomass is a renewable fuel that relies on the energy source of _____.

Photosynthesis

What is the role of profits in stakeholder theory?

Profits are the result of value creation.

Many communities are considering the use of wind power to supply their electrical needs because wind can be naturally replenished. In other words, wind power is a ______ energy source.

Renewable

Growth in the ___________ (renewable/nonrenewable) energy sector has outpaced growth in the ___________ (renewable/nonrenewable) energy sector in both the United States and the European Union.

Renewable / Nonrenewable

To achieve balance using stakeholder theory, a company needs to see itself in a relationship to its stakeholders and also in a ______ context.

Societal

Which of the following must be available for biomass to be produced?

Solar Power

Which is the fasting-growing renewable power technology and the second-fastest overall power technology?

Solar photovoltaic power

Which power is based on the voltage created when certain materials are exposed to light?

Solar photovoltaic power

Sustainability is a(n) ______ concept because it combines a group of interconnected elements that form a complex whole

Systems

Heather noticed that the directions on the box of muffin mix said to bake the muffins at a different temperature if you live at a high altitude. These directions show how _________ affects a nation's natural capital.

Topography

Within the United States there are mountains, rivers, and deserts. These physical features of the Earth's surface are collectively known as ___________.

Topography

True or false: A business that is responsible for environmental sustainability will recognize the need for equity in its supply chains.

True

True or false: Correctly produced nuclear power is clean and doesn't contribute to climate change.

True

True or false: Growth in the renewable energy sector has been rapid in recent years in both the United States and the European Union.

True

Which sustainability approach suggests that products and services should be designed to completely close the production loop, so that all resources needed to produce them are recycled and reused rather than discarded or left to pollute?

cradle-to-cradle design

Environmental __________________ is defined as a state in which the demands placed upon the environment by people and commerce can be met without reducing the capacity of the environment to provide for future generations.

sustainability