modalities final
The recommended application times for whirlpool, hot packs, and paraffin bath treatments, respectively, are: A) 1 hour, 30 minutes, and 4-6 hours. B) 10-20 minutes, 20-25 minutes, and 20-25 minutes. C) Until the patient's skin begins to wrinkle, until the hot pack is room temperature, and until the paraffin crumbles off naturally. D) 1 hour, no limit, and no limit.
B) 10-20 minutes, 20-25 minutes, and 20-25 minutes.
A warm whirlpool should be about __________ for whole body, and __________ for limb treatments. A) 105-112°F, 100-108°F B) 100-108°F, 105-112°F C) 112-115°F, 115-118°F D) 105-112°F, 105-112°F E) 100-115°F, 95-100°F
B) 100-108°F, 105-112°F
The interface temperature between the body and a folded up hot pack should be maintained around A) 95°F (35°C) B) 113°F (45°C) C) 122°F (50°C) D) 150°F (65°C) E) 185°F (85°C)
B) 113°F (45°C)
Most collagen is laid down within: A) 5-10 days of an injury. B) 15-20 days of an injury. C) 25-30 days of an injury. D) 35-40 days of an injury.
B) 15-20 days of an injury.
A hydrocollator pack should have __________ layer(s) of toweling between the pack and the patient's body. A) a single B) 2-3 C) 4-5 D) 6-8 E) It depends on how long the pack has been on the patient.
B) 2-3
In addition to detail and accuracy, it is important to initial every entry to an injury record so that: A) Treatment information will only be known by one person. B) A clinician will know who to contact for additional information. C) Certain modalities will be associated with specific therapists. D) Hand-written notes will be more complete than electronic records.
B) A clinician will know who to contact for additional information.
Which, if any, of the following is/are indicated for cryostretch? A) A first-degree ankle sprain B) A first-degree quadriceps strain C) Increasing flexibility in a knee following immobilization D) All of the above. E) None of the above.
B) A first-degree quadriceps strain
What is pain? A) An event-specific neurological reflex. B) A subjective sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. C) A purely physical response to inhibition of neural input. D) An emotional stimulus-response mechanism.
B) A subjective sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.
Which of the following is a common property of all electromagnetic waves? A) All share the same wavelength and frequency. B) All travel at the same linear speed in space (186,000 mi/sec or 3 x 108 m/sec). C) All take the form of cosmic rays. D) All are visible, audible, tactile, and possess pass-through characteristics.
B) All travel at the same linear speed in space (186,000 mi/sec or 3 x 108 m/sec)
There is no such thing as immediate care (heat and/or cold applications) for which type of injury? A) Acute injuries B) Chronic injuries C) Residual injuries D) Secondary injuries
B) Chronic injuries
Understanding the relationship between cryotherapy and pain begins with the recognition that pain from three origins is involved, namely: A) Cold pain, reinjury pain, and pain from strenuous exercise. B) Cold pain, residual pain, and reinjury pain. C) Cold pain, residual pain, and pain from disuse atrophy. D) Cold pain, reinjury pain, and pain from muscle spasm.
B) Cold pain, residual pain, and reinjury pain.
There is confusion concerning cryotherapy because: A) The major reason for Cryotherapy is to decrease blood flow. B) Cryotherapy is effective during both immediate care and post immediate care. C) Cryotherapy is only effective for the first 24-72 hours after an injury. D) Cryotherapy tends to increase circulation after 20 minutes due to the hunting reaction.
B) Cryotherapy is effective during both immediate care and post immediate care.
If the patient is apprehensive about a procedure, what should the clinician do? A) Demonstrate the procedure on the patient B) Demonstrate the procedure on himself/herself C) Provide detailed explanation of the procedure D) Select a different modality that the patient is more comfortable with
B) Demonstrate the procedure on himself/herself
During immediate care procedures, which of the following should be applied continuously, for at least the first 24 hours? A) Ice packs B) Elastic wraps C) Elevation D) Crutches E) None of the above.
B) Elastic wraps
Which of the following types of E-Stim would you use if your goal was to promote wound healing? A) Interferential B) High volt C) Low volt D) Iontophoresis E) Both A and C.
B) High volt
What is the "golden period" for evaluation of an injury? A) After the injury site has been stabilized B) Immediately following the primary injury C) When the secondary injuries have begun to appear D) After an ice pack has been applied for at least twenty minutes.
B) Immediately following the primary injury
Following prolonged immobilization, the purpose of connective tissue stretch is to increase: A) Strength. B) Joint flexibility. C) Wound healing. D) Stamina.
B) Joint flexibility.
Which of the following cleans up most of the tissue debris during the inflammatory reaction? A) Polymorph B) Macrophage C) Fibrin D) Fibroblasts E) Neutrophils
B) Macrophage
Which of the following effects of electricity stimulates wound healing? A) Chemical B) Magnetic C) Thermal D) Kinetic E) Both C and D.
B) Magnetic
What section of the SOAP record would contain the following information? "Decreased two-point discrimination (the ability to feel two points as distinct) on the dorsal aspect of the forearm." A) S B) O C) A D) P
B) O
3. Why does evidence-based practice particularly value randomized clinical trials? A) Randomized clinical trials do not include control subjects. B) Randomized clinical trials are controlled research that provide reliable results. C) Randomized clinical trials test the broadest range of subjects. D) Randomized clinical trials are performed by skilled professionals.
B) Randomized clinical trials are controlled research that provide reliable results.
What are standard operating procedures (SOPs)? A) General guidelines and protocols for performing tasks B) Specific guidelines and protocols for performing specific tasks C) An application approach based chiefly on critical thinking D) An application framework that is the same for all modalities
B) Specific guidelines and protocols for performing specific tasks
Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between static and current electricity? A) Static electricity is generated by opposing charges, whereas current electricity is generated by rubbing two objects together. B) Static electricity describes the process of losing or gaining electrons, whereas current electricity describes a stream of loose electrons. C) Static electricity is also known as elemental electricity, whereas current electricity is also known as frictional electricity. D) Static electricity describes the flow of electrons along a conductor, whereas current electricity describes electron storage in an insulated conductor.
B) Static electricity describes the process of losing or gaining electrons, whereas current electricity describes a stream of loose electrons.
A high-volt twin-pulsed electrical muscle stimulator is not the stimulator of choice to use for causing which of the following response(s)? A) Pulsed B) Tetanic C) Fused D) Both B and C.
B) Tetanic
Which of the following describes the bipolar technique for electrode placement? A) There are two electrodes of unequal size; the active electrode is applied to the treatment area and the dispersive electrode is applied to a remote site. B) There are two electrodes of equal size, and both electrodes are applied to the treatment area. C) There are two electrodes of equal size, and only one electrode is applied to the treatment area. D) There are four electrodes of equal size, carrying two currents of different frequencies, and all are applied to the target tissue in a criss-cross pattern.
B) There are two electrodes of equal size, and both electrodes are applied to the treatment area.
High electromotive voltage stimulators use 150-500 volts to therapeutically administer HVPC, which is a: A) Tri-peak, monophasic, permanent current. B) Twin-peak, monophasic, pulsed current. C) Tri-peak, biphasic, periodic current. D) Twin-peak, biphasic, pulsed current.
B) Twin-peak, monophasic, pulsed current.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a modality that: A) Converts thermal energy into electrical energy to stimulate nerves. B) Uses surface electrodes to deliver a pulsed electrical current through the skin to stimulate nerves. C) Converts chemical energy into thermal energy to stimulate nerves. D) Uses surface electrodes to deliver a constant electrical current through skin to stimulate muscles.
B) Uses surface electrodes to deliver a pulsed electrical current through the skin to stimulate nerves.
In addition to detail and accuracy, it is important to initial every entry to an injury record so that A) treatment information will only be known by one person. B) a clinician will know who to contact for additional information. C) certain modalities will be associated with specific therapists. D) handwritten notes will be more complete than electronic records. E) supervisors can determine the hardest workers.
B) a clinician will know who to contact for additional information.
The most important therapeutic effect of cold applications during rehabilitation is A) decreased metabolism. B) decreased pain. C) decreased inflammation. D) decreased blood flow. E) decreased muscle spasm.
B) decreased pain.
Current produced by a battery is A) alternating current. B) galvanic current. C) static current. D) Both A and B. E) None of the above.
B) galvanic current.
During NEMS, if pulse duration is __________ and current amplitude(strength) stays the same, muscle contraction will __________. A) increased, decrease B) increased, increase C) decreased, increase D) decreased, stay the same E) increased, stay the same
B) increased, increase
In comparison to hot packs, a paraffin bath A) heats tissues more. B) is more effective for uneven surfaces. C) is less messy. D) heats tissues the same or less. E) A, B, and C.
B) is more effective for uneven surfaces.
Any alteration in the magnitude or any variation in the duration of an electrical current is called __________. A) frequency B) modulation C) ohm D) adaptation E) on-off ratio
B) modulation
During preparation of a hydrocollator pack, the towel should be placed A) on the body part to be treated. B) on a table. C) on the hot pack. D) on the hydrocollator unit. E) on the person's back.
B) on a table
The most important goal of the immediate application of ice, compression, and elevation to an acute injury is to decrease A) secondary enzymatic injury. B) secondary metabolic injury. C) primary traumatic injury. D) bleeding. E) All of the above about equally.
B) secondary metabolic injury.
Checking contraindications is part of A) equipment preparation. B) selecting the proper modality. C) psychological preparation of subject. D) physical preparation of subject. E) application parameters.
B) selecting the proper modality.
Reviewing patient response to the previous treatment is part of A) equipment preparation. B) selecting the proper modality. C) psychological preparation of subject. D) physical preparation of subject. E) application parameters.
B) selecting the proper modality.
A substance that allows electricity to flow but which offers specific resistance to that flow is a A) conductor. B) semiconductor. C) ristoconductor. D) Either A or B. E) Either A or C.
B) semiconductor.
During a cryostretch program, the muscle that is being stretched A) must not be contracted. B) should be contracted every 10-20 seconds. C) should be contracted passively. D) should have its antagonist contracted every 10-20 seconds. E) All of the above except A.
B) should be contracted every 10-20 seconds
During a cryostretch treatment, the patient should perform __________ sets of exercise with renumbing between them. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 10
3
During a cryokinetic treatment, the patient should perform __________ bouts of exercise with renumbing between bouts. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 5 E) 10
5
For maximum force from a whirlpool agitator, you should adjust water pressure to __________ and open the air pressure to __________. A) maximum, maximum B) maximum, midway C) maximum, minimum D) minimum, maximum E) midway, midway
A) maximum, maximum
A new scar appears red (in light-skinned people) and raised due to: A) Increased vascularity and decreased collagen. B) Increased vascularity and increased collagen. C) Decreased vascularity and increased collagen. D) Decreased vascularity and decreased collagen.
B) Increased vascularity and increased collagen.
The rate of flow of current is measured by a(n) A) voltmeter. B) ammeter. C) watt meter. D) electrometer.
B) ammeter.
In relation to an electric motor, an electric generator is A) conceptually identical. B) conceptually identical but opposite. C) very different. D) not enough information in the question to determine. E) who cares?
B) conceptually identical but opposite.
Which of the following is NOT one of the phases of the inflammatory reaction? A) Permeability changes B) Metabolic changes C) Neutrophilic changes D) Hemodynamic changes E) Cause of injury
C) Neutrophilic changes
Which of the following conditions would prevent the flow of an electrical current? A) Voltage overcoming resistance B) Completion of a circuit C) Opening of a circuit D) Acceptance of electrons by an electron sink
C) Opening of a circuit
Health-related quality-of-life research encompasses the effects of all but which one of the following? A) Beliefs B) Expectation C) Perceptions D) Intellect E) Values
C) Perceptions
A hydrocollator pack should be heated to about A) l06°F. B) l20°F. C) l50°F. D) l80°F. E) 210°F.
C) l50°F.
Following 30-40 minutes of immersion in ice water, temperature in the finger returns to normal __________ the ankle and/but __________ the forearm. A) more quickly than, less quickly than B) more quickly than, in about the same time as C) more quickly than, more quickly than D) in about the same time as, less quickly than E) less quickly than, less quickly than
C) more quickly than, more quickly than
Which of the following electrode pairs would you use for a bipolar E-Stim application? A) 1″ dispersive and 3″ active B) 3″ dispersive and 12″ active C) 3″ dispersive and 5″ active D) 5″ dispersive and 5″ active E) 12″ dispersive and 5″ active
D) 5″ dispersive and 5″ active
The warming sensation some people feel during cold applications is due to A) the hunting reaction. B) paradoxical cold stimulation. C) an increase in temperature. D) a psychological reaction. E) paradoxical warming stimulation.
D) a psychological reaction.
Muscular power is a combination of A) strength and agility. B) strength and flexibility. C) speed and agility. D) speed and skill/coordination. E) None of the above.
E) None of the above.
The minimal point at which a noxious stimulus produces an action potential is called A) harmful or nonwholesome. B) action of one agent on another. C) presynaptic. D) subthreshold. E) None of the above.
E) None of the above.
Which of the following equations is correct for determining capillary filtration pressure? A) (COP + TOP)/(CHP + THP) B) (CHP + TOP)/(COP + THP) C) (CHP + TOP) - (COP + THP) D) (COP + TOP) - (CHP + THP) E) (CHP + THP) - (COP + TOP)
C) (CHP + TOP) - (COP + THP)
Post-acute care generally begins A) 2 hours after an injury. B) 6 months after an injury. C) 14 days after an injury. D) 4 days after an injury.
C) 14 days after an injury.
The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is A) distance from crest to crest of a wave. B) rate of passage of crests per unit of time. C) 186,000 mi./s. D) 186,000 m/s. E) None of the above.
C) 186,000 mi./s.
Each bout of cryostretch exercise consists of __________ static stretches, __________ isometric contractions, and lasts about __________. A) 3, 2, 65 seconds B) 2, 3, 90 seconds C) 4, 3, 65 seconds D) 5, 3, 65 seconds E) 5, 5, 90 seconds
C) 4, 3, 65 seconds
Which of the following combinations of E-Stim pulse rate and amplitude would elicit a the strongest muscle contraction? A) 10 pps, low amplitude B) 10 pps, high amplitude C) 40 pps, high amplitude D) 40 pps, low amplitude E) 60 pps, low amplitude
C) 40 pps, high amplitude
Heat should not be applied to any acute injury within the first: A) Hour post-injury. B) 2-4 hours post-injury. C) 48-72 hours post-injury. D) 24 hours post-injury.
C) 48-72 hours post-injury.
The principle of heat sinks can be illustrated by the following whirlpool application: A patient's feet are immersed in the whirlpool, heating about 5% of the body's surface. What percent of the body would act as a heat sink in this example, and should the temperature of the water be raised or lowered if more of the patient's body is immersed? A) 95%, raised B) 5%, raised C) 95%, lowered D) 5%, lowered
C) 95%, lowered
Which of the following cold modalities is not safe to apply directly to the skin? A) A plastic or cloth bag filled with crushed ice from an ice machine B) A towel-wrapped crushed ice pack from a home freezer C) A frozen gel pack D) An artificial ice pack
C) A frozen gel pack
An injury record is considered to be: A) A case study. B) A pretrial testimonial. C) A legal document. D) A premodality report.
C) A legal document.
Iontophoresis should not be used for a patient with an implanted pacemaker, a laceration over the treatment site, or: A) A recent nonunion fracture. B) A history of excessive scar tissue development. C) An allergy to the medication to be delivered. D) An implanted surgical plate at the treatment site.
C) An allergy to the medication to be delivered.
A stopwatch is an important tool for using when applying which of the following principles of rehabilitation? A) Functional progression B) SAID C) Biofeedback D) Rate of reconditioning E) None of the above.
C) Biofeedback
Which of the following effects of electrical muscle stimulation does NOT occur with "Russian current?" A) Muscle contraction B) Decreased pain C) Chemical effects D) Magnetic effects E) None, all of the above occur.
C) Chemical effects
The three therapeutic techniques used in cryostretch are: A) Icing, eversion, and relaxation. B) Icing, dorsiflexion, and the circumduction technique. C) Cold application, static stretching, and the hold relax technique of PNF. D) Cold application, non-weight-bearing active range-of-motion, and team drills.
C) Cold application, static stretching, and the hold relax technique of PNF.
What are the primary means of heat transfer used in superficial thermotherapy? A) Conversion and radiation B) Convection and conversion C) Conduction and infrared radiation D) Conversion only
C) Conduction and infrared radiation
Which term is being used correctly? A) Absolute contraindication B) Relative contraindication C) Contraindication D) Cautious contraindication
C) Contraindication
How often should a whirlpool be disinfected? A) Bi-weekly or every 20-32 treatments if used infrequently B) Weekly or every 10-16 treatments if used infrequently C) Daily or every 5-8 treatments if used infrequently D) Twice a day or every 2-3 treatments if used infrequently
C) Daily or every 5-8 treatments if used infrequently
In an athletic training clinic, injury records provide the only means of establishing: A) The geographic location in which the clinic should be located. B) Which sports activities present the least risk to athletes. C) Daily, weekly, and yearly traffic patterns. D) Which types of insurance companies are best suited to defend claims against the clinic.
C) Daily, weekly, and yearly traffic patterns.
Ice, compression, and elevation are indicated for immediate care of acute injury. What does elevation do that is most beneficial in swelling control? A) Decrease tissue oncotic pressure B) Decrease capillary oncotic pressure C) Decrease capillary hydrostatic pressure D) Decrease tissue hydrostatic pressure E) Both B and D.
C) Decrease capillary hydrostatic pressure
The main effect of cryokinetics is: A) Decreased pain and relaxed collagen fibers. B) Decreased pain and permanent edema reduction. C) Decreased pain and arthrogenic muscle inhibition. D) Decreased pain and minimized collagen tearing.
C) Decreased pain and arthrogenic muscle inhibition
Iontophoresis is a therapeutic technique that uses which of the following effects of electricity? A) Electrokinetic B) Electromagnetic C) Electrochemical D) Electrothermal E) Electrophoresic
C) Electrochemical
Following are the five levels of quality of research evidence upon which to make medical decisions, ranked highest to lowest quality. Which of the following is out of place; meaning it is ranked higher than it should be? A) Systematic reviews or meta analyses of randomized controlled trials and high-quality, single, randomized controlled trials B) Well-designed cohort studies C) Expert opinion, based on reasoning from physiology, bench research, or underlying principles D) Case-control studies E) Case series and poor-quality cohort and case-control studies
C) Expert opinion, based on reasoning from physiology, bench research, or underlying principles
Which of the following types of current is most successful for promoting wound healing? A) Pulsed B) Tetanic C) Fused D) Single twitch E) Both A and B.
C) Fused
Which of the following is most effective in relieving pain and soreness in subacute joint sprains (6-10 days post-injury) if the athlete can practice? A) Heat packs B) Cold packs C) Heat and stretching D) Cold and stretching E) It depends on the person.
C) Heat and stretching
Which inflammatory events work to break down a hematoma resulting from a torn muscle? A) Primary injury, ultrastructural changes, chemical mediation and phagocytosis B) Ultrastructural changes, chemical mediation, hemodynamic changes, and metabolic changes C) Hemodynamic changes, permeability changes, leukocyte migration, and phagocytosis D) Primary injury, chemical mediation, metabolic changes, and permeability changes
C) Hemodynamic changes, permeability changes, leukocyte migration, and phagocytosis
In the five-step application procedure, why is it essential to have foundational knowledge before a therapeutic modality can be chosen and applied properly? A) In order to choose the modality that is most familiar to the clinician B) In order to use as few modalities as possible in the rehabilitation process C) In order to understand how specific types of injuries respond to the various modalities D) In order to apply the "no-pain, no-gain" principle
C) In order to understand how specific types of injuries respond to the various modalities
Which of the following does NOT occur when cold is applied during rehabilitation of an acute injury? A) Decreased blood flow B) Decreased muscle spasm C) Increased blood flow D) Decreased pain E) Decreased metabolism
C) Increased blood flow
Which of the following does NOT occur when cold is applied to an acute injury immediately after it occurred? A) Decreased blood flow B) Decreased muscle spasm C) Increased blood flow D) Decreased pain E) Decreased metabolism
C) Increased blood flow
Which of the following occurs, but is not particularly beneficial, when heat is applied to an acute injury undergoing rehabilitation? A) Decreased blood flow B) Decreased muscle spasm C) Increased inflammation D) Decreased pain E) Decreased metabolism
C) Increased inflammation
During immediate care, RICES is unable to minimize: A) Pain B) Swelling C) Inflammation D) Secondary Injury
C) Inflammation
According to Dehne's spinal adaptation syndrome principle, nociceptive impulses from traumatized tissue: A) Stimulate motor functions and tissue repair. B) Facilitate motor functions and tissue repair. C) Inhibit motor functions and tissue repair. D) Propagate motor functions and tissue repair.
C) Inhibit motor functions and tissue repair.
Which of the following describes the main benefit of cold application during post-immediate care? A) It removes the cause of injury, thereby decreasing secondary damage. B) It lowers whole body temperature, thereby restricting movement and speeding healing. C) It decreases pain and/or muscle inhibition, thereby allowing earlier mobilization. D) It increases inflammation, thereby delivering more blood and nutrients to the site.
C) It decreases pain and/or muscle inhibition, thereby allowing earlier mobilization.
What is the difference between muscular strength and muscular power? A) Muscular strength is the ability of a muscle to exert force, whereas muscular power is the speed at which the muscle contracts. B) Muscular strength is the ability of a muscle to contract repeatedly, whereas muscular power is the ability of a muscle to contract only once. C) Muscular strength is the ability of a muscle to exert force, whereas muscular power is a combination of muscle speed and force. D) Muscular strength is the speed at which the muscle contracts, whereas muscular power is the force with which the muscle contracts.
C) Muscular strength is the ability of a muscle to exert force, whereas muscular power is a combination of muscle speed and force.
Are immediate care and acute care synonymous? A) Yes. Both terms refer to care given within the first 24 hours after an acute injury. B) Yes. Both are types of emergency care, such as CPR or transportation to the hospital. C) No. Acute care refers to care given within the first 4 days after an injury, while immediate care refers to care given within the first 12 hours after an injury. D) No. Immediate care refers to care given within the first 4 days after an injury, while acute care refers to care given within the first 12 hours after an injury.
C) No. Acute care refers to care given within the first 4 days after an injury, while immediate care refers to care given within the first 12 hours after an injury.
All of the following modalities would be effective in reducing swelling after an injury, except: A) Active exercise B) Massage therapy C) RICES D) Electrical muscle stimulation
C) RICES
A top tennis player is diagnosed with a sprained ankle. After the swelling and pain are gone, but before full strength and endurance are restored, he begins to play again. Three days later, the tennis player aggravates the ankle, causing pain and swelling. The tennis player's injury is an example of: A) Acute inflammation B) Subacute inflammation C) Recurring acute inflammation D) Delayed inflammation
C) Recurring acute inflammation
Following a 20-minute, warm, full-body whirlpool treatment for lower-back pain, a patient should: A) Enter a cool whirlpool. B) Stretch. C) Rehydrate. D) Begin exercise.
C) Rehydrate.
Which of the following is not a term used to help you determine if you should use a specific test? A) Specificity B) Sensitivity C) Sensibility D) False positive E) Odds ratio
C) Sensibility
Which of the following is incorrect regarding the proper fit and use of crutches for an acute orthopedic injury? A) The three-point gait is the preferred gait. B) The patient should always use two crutches. C) The crutches should fit snugly into the axillae (armpit) so the patient can transfer weight from the shoulders to the crutch. D) Periodic reevaluation is best done when the patient is unaware he or she is being watched.
C) The crutches should fit snugly into the axillae (armpit) so the patient can transfer weight from the shoulders to the crutch.
Which of the following statements does not apply to chemical mediators involved in the inflammatory response? A) They are activated by ultrastructural changes. B) They regulate the inflammatory response. C) They decrease the permeability of blood vessels. D) They signal the rest of the body that an injury has occurred.
C) They decrease the permeability of blood vessels.
Which of the following components of capillary filtration pressure is changed the most as a result of acute trauma? A) Capillary hydrostatic B) Tissue hydrostatic C) Tissue oncotic D) Capillary oncotic E) External
C) Tissue oncotic
Treating a shoulder injury of a person with a high fever in a 115°F whirlpool is A) an indication. B) a precaution. C) a contraindication. D) not enough information to decide.
C) a contraindication.
A hydrocollator pack is a canvas pack filled with silica gel. Silica gel is used because it A) has a high specific heat. B) has a low specific heat. C) absorbs great amounts of water. D) is easy to clean. E) is a disinfectant.
C) absorbs great amounts of water.
For which of the following spacing combinations (in a four-pack hydrocollator unit) would you return a used pack with its black tabs up? The colors indicate the tabs showing on the other three packs; the pack will return to the position indicated as "__________." Assume the front of the unit is to the left. A) white, white, white, __________ B) white, white, __________, black C) black, __________, white, white D) __________, black, black, black E) Both C and D.
C) black, __________, white, white
Cold applications cause average blood flow to __________ when applied immediately after an injury and __________ when applied prior to rehabilitation exercises. A) increase, increase B) decrease, increase C) decrease, decrease D) decrease, stay the same E) It depends on whether you use ice packs or ice immersion.
C) decrease, decrease
The increased healing that is attributed to cryokinetics is due to A) CIVD. B) increased metabolism. C) exercise effects. D) decreased pain. E) Both A and B.
C) exercise effects.
Swelling A) and inflammation are the same thing. B) and edema are the same thing. C) is a sign of inflammation and edema. D) is a sign of edema, but not a sign of inflammation. E) Both A and B.
C) is a sign of inflammation and edema.
Unequal distribution of individual ions between the inside and outside of a nerve membrane (i.e., you have more positive ions in one place and more negative ions in another place) causes a(n) A) problem. B) depolarized membrane. C) polarized membrane. D) absolute refractory period. E) relative refractory period.
C) polarized membrane.
During iontophoresis, a medication whose ionic form is positively charged must be applied under the __________ electrode of a(n) __________ current stimulator. A) positive, AC B) negative, AC C) positive, DC D) negative, DC E) Either B or D.
C) positive, DC
Demonstrating the modality application on yourself is part of A) equipment preparation. B) selecting the proper modality. C) psychological preparation of subject. D) physical preparation of subject. E) application parameters.
C) psychological preparation of subject.
A hydrocollator pack is a better form of hot pack than a hot water bottle because it A) is safer to use. B) is more sanitary. C) stays hot longer. D) does not get as hot. E) A, B, and C.
C) stays hot longer.
A coil of wire is moved past a magnet. This process A) will depolarize the magnet. B) is known as static electricity. C) will cause a flow of electricity through the wire. D) will cause a flow of electricity through the magnet. E) All of the above.
C) will cause a flow of electricity through the wire.
If you pass 100 amps of current though a 50 cm2 electrode and a 10 cm2 electrode, the current density in the active electrode would be A) 2. B) 10. C) 50. D) 70. E) 100.
10
Expert opinion, based on reasoning from physiology, bench research, or underlying principles is considered to be what level of evidence? Base your answer on a five-point scale, with 1 being the highest and 5 being the lowest. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
5
In a zinc-copper battery current flows from A) + pole to the - pole. B) - pole to the + pole. C) copper pole to zinc pole. D) depends on what electrolyte solution is used.
A) + pole to the - pole
Compression, or external force pressure, is most effective in helping to resolve edema if it is applied within __________ after an injury. A) 4 hours B) Minutes C) 12 hours D) 24 hours
A) 4 hours
What is the inflammatory response? A) A local response of the body to an injury or irritant. B) A systemic response of the body to an injury or irritant. C) A delayed response of the body to an injury or irritant. D) A permanent response of the body to an injury or irritant.
A) A local response of the body to an injury or irritant.
Which of the following phrases best defines therapeutic modalities? A) A physical agent employed for therapeutic purposes B) A physical agent for rehabilitation C) The use of heat, cold, light, and electricity for healing injuries D) Therapeutic machines that promote healing E) Therapeutic procedures for treating injuries
A) A physical agent employed for therapeutic purposes
If the current output of a muscle stimulator is constant, under which of the following electrodes would the greatest current be felt? A) Active when using unipolar B) Dispersive when using unipolar C) Active when using bipolar D) Dispersive when using bipolar E) Both B and D.
A) Active when using unipolar
Which of the following describes what happens to a patient during your care? A) Clinical outcomes B) Best practices C) Clinical guidelines D) Protocol E) None of the above.
A) Clinical outcomes
What is the most frequently used method of heat transfer in physical medicine? A) Conduction B) Convection C) Radiation D) Conversion
A) Conduction
What are the primary means of heat transfer used in deep thermotherapy? A) Conversion and radiation B) Convection and conversion C) Conduction and infrared radiation D) Conversion only
A) Conversion and radiation
Which of the following terms/phrases is defined as "an ordered sequence of activities enabling the acquisition or reacquisition of skills required for safe performance of athletic endeavors?" A) Functional progression B) SAID C) Biofeedback D) Rate of reconditioning E) None of the above.
A) Functional progression
During which, if any, of the following conditions is therapeutic heat most effective? A) General muscle soreness B) Muscle cramp C) Muscle spasm D) Acute muscle sprain E) 2-day-old ankle sprain
A) General muscle soreness
Assuming that the unmentioned variable remains constant, which of the following statements is consistent with Ohm's law? A) Increasing voltage will increase the current in a circuit. B) Increasing resistance will increase the current in a circuit. C) Decreasing voltage will increase the current in a circuit. D) Decreasing resistance will decrease the current in a circuit.
A) Increasing voltage will increase the current in a circuit.
Which of the following types of E-Stim has a sinusoidal wave form? A) Interferential B) High volt C) Low volt D) Iontophoresis E) None of the above.
A) Interferential
In transitional acute care, ice massage may be used in the application of all of the following, except: A) Lymphedema pumps. B) Cryostretch. C) Cryokinetics. D) Connective tissue stretch.
A) Lymphedema pumps.
All of the following are mechanisms for reducing pain through electrotherapy, except: A) Reducing capillary hydrostatic pressure, thus decreasing edema B) Releasing endogenous opiates at pain receptor sites, thus reducing pain C) Decreasing muscle spasm, hence relaxing muscle D) Stimulating nonpainful nerves, thus modulating pain.
A) Reducing capillary hydrostatic pressure, thus decreasing edema
Injury repair consists of processes that: A) Replace dead or damaged cells with healthy ones. B) Minimize secondary injury to damaged cells. C) Facilitate neural inhibition. D) Reconstitute dead or damaged tissue with adipose tissue.
A) Replace dead or damaged cells with healthy ones.
Which of the following strategies is LEAST beneficial in helping a patient cope with the pain of an initial cold application during a cryokinetic treatment of the ankle? A) Saying nothing to the athlete B) Telling the athlete that the pain will be minimal C) Telling the athlete that the pain will be moderate D) Telling the athlete that the pain will be severe E) None of the above; all are of equal benefit.
A) Saying nothing to the athlete
Which of the following is a part of cryostretch? A) Static stretch B) Ballistic stretch C) Isometric stretch D) Both static and ballistic stretch E) None of the above.
A) Static stretch
The SOAP acronym stands for: A) Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan. B) Subjective, Objective, Application, Plan. C) Subjective, Objective, Ancillary, Psychological. D) Subjective, Objective, Ancillary, Patient.
A) Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan.
Which of the following would you LEAST expect to be the cause of discomfort during E-Stim treatment? A) Surge set too high B) Current set too high C) Insufficient moistening of electrode interface D) Minor small denuded area E) Hypersensitivity of the patient
A) Surge set too high
Indications and contraindications for MENS are difficult to delineate because: A) There is no clear-cut research supporting the therapeutic effectiveness of MENS. B) MENS and IFC always yield similar therapeutic results. C) MENS is applied at an extremely high current intensity. D) MENS treatment has only long-term effects.
A) There is no clear-cut research supporting the therapeutic effectiveness of MENS.
The five-step application procedure is a standardized application procedure that allows clinicians to: A) Use therapeutic modalities in the context of an individualized, critical thinking approach to rehabilitation B) Ensure the consistent application of all steps in the rehabilitation process C) Use the same SOPs in all applications D) Apply a rigid application for quality control
A) Use therapeutic modalities in the context of an individualized, critical thinking approach to rehabilitation
During a cryostretch program, it is important to assist the patient in learning to contract the proper muscle(s). This should be done A) before the first exercise bout. B) before each exercise bout. C) after each time the ice is applied. D) before each time the ice is applied. E) at least three times per treatment.
A) before the first exercise bout.
Redness of a limb resulting from cold applications is most likely due to A) cutaneous vasoconstriction due to extremely slow blood flow. B) reduced oxygen exchange due to decreased metabolism. C) cold-induced vasodilatation in the muscle. D) All of the above.
A) cutaneous vasoconstriction due to extremely slow blood flow.
The most important therapeutic effect of cold applications during immediate care of acute injuries is A) decreased metabolism. B) decreased pain. C) decreased inflammation. D) decreased blood flow. E) decreased muscle spasm.
A) decreased metabolism.
During immediate care procedures, ice packs should be applied A) directly to the skin. B) over a towel. C) over a wet elastic wrap. D) over a frozen elastic wrap. E) None of the above.
A) directly to the skin.
A clot is formed by __________ and platelets. A) fibrin B) collagen C) protocollagen D) fibroblasts E) Both B and C.
A) fibrin
Heat packs are contraindicated during immediate care procedures. This is because they cause a(n) A) increase in blood flow. B) decrease in blood flow. C) increase in metabolism. D) decrease in metabolism. E) increase in inflammation.
A) increase in blood flow.
"Cold-induced vasodilatation" means A) increased blood flow. B) increased temperature. C) opening of blood vessels. D) opening of lymphatic vessels. E) decreased blood flow.
A) increased blood flow.
Secondary hypoxic injury results from an imbalance in A) metabolism and oxygen delivery. B) metabolism and inflammation. C) inflammation and oxygen delivery. D) None of the above. E) conditioning and force.
A) metabolism and oxygen delivery.
A current delivered to the body with high amplitude and a low frequency will result in the following type of response A) pulsed contraction. B) tetanic contraction. C) fused stimulus. D) a single sensory twitch. E) None of the above.
A) pulsed contraction.
What section of the SOAP record would contain the following information? "Numbness and tingling is felt in the fingers when grasping objects." A) S B) O C) A D) P
A) s
When applying a paraffin "glove" to someone, you should dip the hand in the paraffin __________ times. A) 1-2 B) 3-5 C) 7-8 D) 7-12 E) 12-24
D) 7-12
Good medical guidelines apply to only an estimated __________ of patients A) 50% B) 60% C) 70% D) 80% E) 90%
D) 80%
General contraindications to thermotherapy include NOT using heat over an area with A) compromised circulation. B) a metal plate. C) compromised sensation. D) A and C. E) A, B, and C.
D) A and C.
All of the following statements regarding electrical equipment are accurate, except: A) A generator converts some form of energy into an electrical current. B) A terminal (or pole) is the output device of a generator. C) An electrical circuit is a system of conductors that allows electrons to move between two terminals. D) A positive terminal is where current enters a generator from the body.
D) A positive terminal is where current enters a generator from the body.
If the current output of a muscle stimulator is constant, under which of the following conditions for applying a carbon-rubber electrode would result in the greatest current delivery to the muscle? A) Dry electrode B) Wet electrode C) A tightly attached dry electrode D) A tightly attached wet electrode
D) A tightly attached wet electrode
Edema is defined as the: A) Increase in tissue mass caused by excess cellular material. B) Compression of tissue by blunt force. C) Conversion of aerobic to anaerobic metabolism in a cell. D) Accumulation of the fluid portion of blood in tissue.
D) Accumulation of the fluid portion of blood in tissue.
"The synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically sound application of knowledge to improve health, provide more effective health services and products, and strengthen the health care system," is called A) knowledge brokering. B) knowledge usability. C) evidence-based medicine. D) All of the above. E) None of the above.
D) All of the above.
Why has there been confusion about therapeutic use of electrical currents? A) Use of arbitrary terms for electrical current characteristics B) Development of many variations of electrical stimulators with a wide variety of current characteristics C) Unfounded claims regarding the effectiveness of electrical stimulators D) All of the above. E) None of the above.
D) All of the above.
Which of the following is appropriate for inclusion in the P section of SOAP notes? A) The elbow joint is mobile but will not extend completely. B) The lateral aspect of the elbow is moderately swollen. C) Elbow stiffness occurs following tennis matches. D) An ice pack should be applied to the elbow for 20 minutes prior to exercise.
D) An ice pack should be applied to the elbow for 20 minutes prior to exercise.
Proponents of (i.e., those who believe in) cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD) have incorrectly claimed that A) blood flow increases during ice application. B) blood flow increases following ice application. C) blood flow decreases following ice application. D) Both A and B.
D) Both A and B.
During cryokinetics, circulation is A) decreased by cold. B) increased by cold. C) increased by exercise. D) Both A and C. E) All of the above.
D) Both A and C
Which of the following is the most effective method to relieve acute, low-grade muscle spasm? A) Heat packs B) Cold packs C) Stretching D) Cold and stretching E) Heat and stretching
D) Cold and stretching
Edema may contribute to secondary injury by: A) Dilating blood vessels, thus increasing circulation. B) Compressing blood vessels, thus reducing circulation. C) Dilating blood vessels, thus increasing diffusion of nutrients into injured tissue. D) Compressing blood vessels, thus decreasing diffusion of nutrients out of injured tissue.
D) Compressing blood vessels, thus decreasing diffusion of nutrients out of injured tissue.
To help eliminate confusion when comparing the use of cryotherapy right after an injury and the use of cryotherapy during rehabilitation, a clinician must understand that: A) Cryotherapy applied right after an injury is useful for 24-72 hours, while cryotherapy applied during rehabilitation is useful for about 4 weeks. B) Cryotherapy applied right after an injury is limited to RICES, while cryotherapy applied during rehabilitation is limited to inactive therapy (in order to prevent muscle pulling). C) Cryotherapy applied within 1 hour of an injury will reduce swelling, while cryotherapy applied during rehabilitation tends to cause swelling. D) Cryotherapy applied right after an injury is part of first aid, while cryotherapy during rehabilitation is an adjunct to other therapy.
D) Cryotherapy applied right after an injury is part of first aid, while cryotherapy during rehabilitation is an adjunct to other therapy
The statement "you develop that which you train" is a restatement of which of the following rehab principles? A) PRE B) Isokinetic C) SAID D) DAPRE E) Biofeedback
D) DAPRE
Elevation contributes to the control of edema by: A) Increasing TOP. B) Increasing CHP. C) Decreasing TOP. D) Decreasing CHP.
D) Decreasing CHP.
Electrotherapy typically involves the modulation of current characteristics to achieve a desired electrical effect. All of the following are examples of current timing modulation, except: A) Increasing phase duration B) Decreasing pulse frequency C) Increasing peak current D) Decreasing rise time
D) Decreasing rise time
Phagocytosis describes the: A) Movement of leukocytes out of blood vessels during the inflammatory response. B) Creation of ATP from aerobic metabolism. C) Accumulation of fluid at an injury site. D) Engulfment and digestion of foreign material or organisms by leukocytes.
D) Engulfment and digestion of foreign material or organisms by leukocytes.
Macrophages migrate into wound sites during which phase of wound repair? A) Remodeling B) Proliferation C) Epithelialization D) Hemostasis and Inflammation
D) Hemostasis and Inflammation
Which of the following types of E-Stim have/may have an uninterrupted square wave form? A) Interferential B) High volt C) Low volt D) Iontophoresis E) Both A and B.
D) Iontophoresis
Which of the following is NOT a reason for maintaining treatment records? A) Quality control B) Legal considerations C) Research D) Justify a pay raise E) Establish traffic patterns
D) Justify a pay raise
At all levels of care following orthopedic injuries, selecting the most appropriate therapeutic modality is a matter of: A) Choosing the modality which best fits the clinician's experience. B) Selecting the modality which works best for most patients undergoing therapy for the same type of injury. C) Consistency; that is, choosing a modality and then sticking with it. D) Matching therapeutic goals with the body's response to the modality.
D) Matching therapeutic goals with the body's response to the modality.
Which of the following major repositories of evidence-based information is an effort of the US government? A) Cochrane Collaboration B) PEDro C) CINAHL D) National Guideline Clearinghouse E) All of the above.
D) National Guideline Clearinghouse
Contraindications for the use of NMES include: A) Recent nonunion fracture, a history of diabetes, and extensive skin abrasions. B) Patient with a pacemaker, potential malignancies, and a history of emphysema. C) Compound fracture, severe swelling, and decreased range of motion. D) Patient with a pacemaker, an injury over the heart or brain, and potential malignancies.
D) Patient with a pacemaker, an injury over the heart or brain, and potential malignancies.
An often neglected part of modality application is: A) Setting up the equipment and checking equipment operation B) Positioning the patient in a manner that will be comfortable, yet allow accessibility to the modality C) Removing bandages and braces during therapy D) Properly recording the specifics of treatment, including patient responses and instructions to the patient
D) Properly recording the specifics of treatment, including patient responses and instructions to the patient
Which set of comparisons accurately describes the difference between reconstitution and replacement? A) Reconstitution is likely to result in large scar formation, whereas replacement rarely leaves a scar. B) Reconstitution occurs when an injury has disrupted the basic cellular framework of tissue, whereas replacement occurs when damage is less extensive. C) Reconstitution substitutes connective tissue for damaged cells, whereas replacement substitutes adipose tissue for damaged cells. D) Reconstitution occurs in cells with a high rate of turnover (such as skin), whereas replacement occurs in cells with a lower rate of turnover (such as muscle).
D) Reconstitution occurs in cells with a high rate of turnover (such as skin), whereas replacement occurs in cells with a lower rate of turnover (such as muscle).
Which of the following phrases is NOT consistent with one of the principles of rehabilitation listed in the text? A) Most rehabilitation involves working with weights. B) Exercise should be initiated early. C) Rehabilitation should be guided by long- and short-range goals. D) Rehabilitation occurs more quickly than conditioning. E) Rehabilitation activities should be performed pain free.
D) Rehabilitation occurs more quickly than conditioning.
Which of the following is NOT one of five steps of therapeutic modality application? A) Foundation B) Postapplication C) Maintenance D) Select proper modality E) Application
D) Select proper modality
According to the inverse square law (I = 1/d2), what happens to the intensity of radiation when you halve the distance between the source and the patient? A) The intensity increases two-fold. B) The intensity decreases by one-half. C) The intensity decreases by one-fourth. D) The intensity increases four-fold.
D) The intensity increases four-fold.
What happens to the slope of a thermal gradient as heat is pulled from deeper within a warmer object and transferred to deeper within a cooler object? A) The slope of the thermal gradient does not change with time. B) The slope of the thermal gradient becomes greater with time. C) The slope of the thermal gradient oscillates with time. D) The slope of the thermal gradient becomes less with time.
D) The slope of the thermal gradient becomes less with time.
There are several reasons for developing a core philosophy of pain management. All of the following are valid reasons except: A) To avoid concentrating on only one aspect of pain B) To serve as a guide in treating pain C) To increase the chance of successfully alleviating pain D) To acknowledge that therapeutic tools are more important than theoretical principles in pain management
D) To acknowledge that therapeutic tools are more important than theoretical principles in pain management
Hertz is A) a kind of bird food. B) meters per second. C) wavelengths per minute. D) cycles per second. E) None of the above.
D) cycles per second.
Which of the following is NOT one of my principles of rehabilitation? A) Apply the SAID principle. B) Be progressive. C) Be aggressive. D) Develop strength first. E) Rehabilitation should be total/complete.
D) develop strength first
The primary indication for warm whirlpools is A) acute sprained ankles. B) jammed thumbs. C) hamstring tears. D) general stiffness. E) All of the above are equally indicated.
D) general stiffness.
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of cryokinetics? It A) retards muscular atrophy. B) retards neural inhibitions. C) reduces swelling through a milking action. D) is effective for treating joint, muscle, and connective tissue injures. E) allows exercise much sooner.
D) is effective for treating joint, muscle, and connective tissue injures.
As electromagnetic wavelengths get smaller, A) the speed of the wave will get smaller. B) the speed of the wave will get larger. C) the wave frequency will get smaller. D) the wave frequency will get larger. E) Two of the above.
D) the wave frequency will get larger.
The problem with the traditional theory of contrast bath is that A) milking the vascular system does not remove injury debris. B) temperature changes in the muscle during a typical contrast treatment are minimal. C) exercise causes a greater milking action than contrast baths. D) Both A and B. E) A, B, and C.
E) A, B, and C.
Which of the following is NOT part of the application parameters of therapeutic modalities? A) Dosage B) Duration C) Frequency D) Check equipment operation E) Adjustment sequence
E) Adjustment sequence
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication of E-Stim? A) Person with a pacemaker B) Over the heart or brain C) Over potential malignancies D) Impaired sensation E) All of the above are contraindicated.
E) All of the above are contraindicated.
Which, if any, of the following is NOT a healing modifier? A) Immediate care procedures B) Closing lacerations quickly C) Therapeutic exercise D) Therapeutic modalities, proper nutrition E) All of the above are healing modifiers.
E) All of the above are healing modifiers.
Which, if any, of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation? A) Heat B) Redness C) Swelling D) Loss of function E) All of the above are signs of inflammation.
E) All of the above are signs of inflammation.
Proper record keeping enhances communication between you and A) other clinicians. B) the patient. C) yourself. D) coaches. E) All of the above.
E) All of the above.
Selection of the proper modality to use requires that you A) evaluate the injury/problem. B) review patients response to previous treatment. C) check contraindications. D) A and B E) All of the above.
E) All of the above.
The quality of care a patient receives can be limited by many factors, including A) clinician indifference to keeping current. B) policies of the payer. C) faulty research. D) too much information in too many places. E) All of the above.
E) All of the above.
Which of the following are statements of philosophy of patient care for clinicians practicing EBM? A) Convert the need for information about a specific patient/case into a specific, structured, and answerable question. B) Find the best evidence to answer the question. C) Critically evaluate the evidence for validity, impact, and applicability. D) Integrate the critical evaluation with your clinical expertise and with the patient's biology, values, and life circumstances. E) All of the above.
E) All of the above.
Which of the following is a source of evidence that medical practitioners use for making medical decisions? A) Experience B) Research C) Theory D) Tradition E) All of the above.
E) All of the above.
Which of the following transmits heat from a body of higher energy (temperature) to a body of lower energy (temperature)? A) Conduction B) Convection C) Radiation D) A and B. E) All of the above.
E) All of the above.
During ice massage, numbness can be increased by A) adding a plate weight to the ice cube. B) pressing the ice cube into the muscle. C) massaging in circles rather than longitudinally. D) None of the above. E) Both A and B.
E) Both A and B.
According to Ohm's law, current flow can be increased by A) increasing voltage. B) decreasing voltage. C) increasing resistance. D) decreasing resistance. E) Both A and D.
E) Both A and D.
According to the research of Lewis concerning temperature responses to cold application, we would expect ankle temperature of an athlete to __________ following a 20-minute immersion in an ice water bath during a typical cryotherapy treatment that you administer in the AT clinic this afternoon. A) return toward normal B) increase many degrees above normal for 10-50 minutes and then decrease C) increase to a few degrees below normal for 10-50 minutes and then decrease D) begin a hunting reaction E) Both B and D.
E) Both B and D.
Of the following, which would a person with chronic inflammation respond best to? A) Heat packs B) Cold packs C) Heat and stretching D) Cold and stretching E) It depends on the person.
E) It depends on the person.
The phrase "cold-induced vasodilatation" was introduced by __________ to explain the changes in __________ that they/he observed. A) Clarke et al., forearm blood low B) Clarke et al., forearm temperature C) Lewis, forearm blood low D) Lewis, finger blood low E) Lewis, finger temperature
E) Lewis, finger temperature
All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of A) 86,000 mi./s. B) 86,000 mi./s in empty space. C) 186,000 mi./s in empty space, unless the wavelength is very small. D) 186,000 mi./h in empty space, unless the frequency is very small. E) None of the above.
E) None of the above.
Infrared therapy A) transfers heat by convection. B) is a safe, inexpensive alternative to hot packs. C) is best when applied over a wet towel. D) is indicated when treating people with infections, rashes, or open lesions. E) None of the above.
E) None of the above.
What is the relationship between evidence-based medicine and evidence-based practice? A) They are the same. B) One is the application of the other. C) One is used primarily by health care students and the other by only licensed clinicians. D) It depends on what part of the world you live in. E) None of the above.
E) None of the above.
What type of cold modality is generally used during cryostretch? A) Ice packs B) Ice massage C) Ice immersion D) Cold gel packs E) There is no preferred method.
E) There is no preferred method.
For any given electromagnetic wave, the wave length is equal to A) frequency. B) 1/frequency. C) 2 × frequency. D) 2/frequency. E) a constant/frequency.
E) a constant/frequency.
You sometimes want to add a disinfectant to a whirlpool bath; however, doing so may cause the water to appear "scummy." In such cases, you should A) not use the disinfectant. B) just ignore the scum. C) scrape the scum off the water. D) tell the athlete to take a Mylanta and chill out. E) add an antacid-like Mylanta to the whirlpool water.
E) add an antacid-like Mylanta to the whirlpool water.
Muscular endurance should be developed __________ is developed. A) before strength B) after agility C) after power D) before cardiovascular endurance E) after cardiovascular endurance
E) after cardiovascular endurance
According to the gate control theory, __________ summation occurs at the T cell. A) temporal B) spatial C) positive D) negative E) both spatial and temporal
E) both spatial and temporal
LeDuc's potato experiment illustrates the __________ effect of electrical currents. His rabbit experiment illustrates the __________ effect of electrical currents. A) kinetic, chemical B) kinetic, kinetic C) thermal, kinetic D) magnetic, kinetic E) chemical, chemical
E) chemical, chemical
Research indicates that the fluctuations in intramuscular temperature during contrast bath therapy are __________. A) super huge (8-10°C) B) huge (5-7°C) C) moderate (3-5°C) D) small (1-3°C) E) minimal (<1°C)
E) minimal (<1°C)
The basic theory for using contrast baths for sports injury rehabilitation is that blood flow is __________ during contrast baths. One of the arguments against this therapy is that __________ accomplishes this task better. A) increased, heat applications B) decreased, cold applications C) decreased, cryokinetics D) increased, cryostretch E) pumped, active exercise
E) pumped, active exercise
Contrast the amount of tissue debris in a wound 24 hours after the injury if ice was applied within 5 minutes after the injury occurred or not used at all. If ice is used, the primary injury tissue debris will be __________ and secondary injury tissue debris will be __________. A) less, less B) less, more C) less, the same D) the same, more E) the same, less
E) the same, less
During cryokinetics, cold should be applied A) for 10 minutes. B) for 15 minutes. C) for 20 minutes. D) for 30 minutes. E) until the body part is numb.
E) until the body part is numb.
What, if any, is the relationship between using the surge mode with E-Stim and the electrode application technique? Surge __________ when using __________ technique. A) must be used, a bipolar B) must be used, a unipolar C) must be used, either bipolar or unipolar D) should be used, either bipolar or unipolar technique E) None of the above; surge has nothing to do with bipolar or unipolar application technique.
None of the above; surge has nothing to do with bipolar or unipolar application technique.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the difference between static and current electricity? A) Static electricity is generated by opposing charges, whereas current electricity is generated by rubbing two objects together. B) Static electricity describes the process of losing or gaining electrons, whereas current electricity describes a stream of loose electrons. C) Static electricity is also known as elemental electricity, whereas current electricity is also known as frictional electricity. D) Static electricity describes the flow of electrons along a conductor, whereas current electricity describes electron storage in an insulated conductor. E) None of the above.
Static electricity describes the process of losing or gaining electrons, whereas current electricity describes a stream of loose electrons.
A finite series of pulses flowing for a finite time period followed by no current flow is A) duty cycle. B) biphasic. C) interrupted DC. D) a burst. E) a train.
a burst
Hold-relax and contract-relax are examples of what type of exercise? a. PNF techniques b. functional progression exercises c. DAPRE techniques d. flexion and extension exercises
a. PNF techniques
What does the SAID principle stand for? a. specific adaptation to imposed demands b. systemic adaptation to imposed demands c. specific action to individual demands d. systemic action to individual demands
a. specific adaptation to imposed demands
Should moderate exercise be incorporated into the early stage of rehabilitation a. yes, exercise speeds the healing process b. yes, exercise prevents further injury c. no, exercise can cause further injury d. no exercise can impair function and result in permanent disability
a. yes, exercise speeds the healing process
Static electricity is A) frictional electricity. B) caused by rubbing two objects together. C) caused when one object gains electrons. D) All of the above. E) None of the above.
all of the above
The smallest unit of an element that retains all the properties of a whole element is a(n) A) atom. B) molecule. C) neutron. D) electron. E) proton.
atom
Why does evidence based practice particularly value randomized clinical trials? a. Randomized trials do not include control subjects b. Randomized trials are controlled research that provide reliable results c. Randomized trials test the broadest range of subjects. d. Randomized trials are performed by skilled professionals.
b. Randomized trials are controlled research that provide reliable results
The first four rehab goals must proceed in a specific order. What is the second goal of rehab.? a. muscular strength b. pain-free joints and muscles c. joint flexibility d. structural integrity
b. pain-free joints and muscles
Which of the following does not define characteristics of surged stimulation? A) Plateau B) Time off C) Burst D) Ramp up E) Time on
burst
Which of the following effects of electricity is used during iontophoresis? A) Chemical B) Magnetic C) Thermal D) Kinetic E) Both A and D.
chemical
What is a therapeutic modality? a. a therapeutic procedure for self- treatment b. a holistic approach to physical therapy c. a clinical process that delivers a therapeutic application d. A device or application that delivers a physical agent to the body
d. A device or application that delivers a physical agent to the body
In the DAPRE technique, the number of reps. performed during the set is used to determine the working weight for the next day. a. first b. second c. third d. fourth
d. fourth
Galvanic current is A) direct current. B) alternating current. C) indirect current. D) Either A or B. E) Either A or B, if B is high voltage.
direct current
The core of EBM is quality of evidence. But, there is no uniformity in the use of terms or in classification systems. A) True B) False
false
What type of cold modality is preferred during cryokinetics? A) Ice packs B) Cold gel packs C) Ice immersion D) A and B about equally E) A, B, and C about equally
ice immersion
Which type of modality uses a medium frequency current as its carrier frequency? A) TENS B) MENS C) Iontophoresis D) IFC E) HVPC
ifc
Pure mineral oil is an example of an electrical A) insulator. B) conductor. C) partial conductor. D) semiconductor. E) train conductor.
insulator
Which of the following types of electrical stimulation requires that you use two sets of electrodes? A) Interferential B) High voltage pulsed C) Premodulated interferential D) "Russian" E) Monophasic square wave
interferential
The connective tissue stretch is __________ effective than/as heat and mobilization. A) less B) equally C) more
less
Which of the following types of E-Stim would you use if your goal was muscle spasm reduction? A) Interferential B) High volt C) Low volt D) Iontophoresis E) Both A and C.
low volt
Progressive resistive exercises, such as weight training, are recommended for what goal? a. structural integrity b. joint flexibility c. muscular speed d. muscular strength
muscular strength
Primary injury results from an imbalance in A) metabolism and oxygen delivery. B) metabolism and inflammation. C) inflammation and oxygen delivery. D) None of the above.
none of the above
Resistance to electrical flow is called A) volt. B) ohm. C) ampere. D) watt. E) coulomb.
ohm
An electrical charge is the net sum of charges from A) protons and neutrons. B) neutrons and quartrons. C) electrons and quartrons. D) electrons and neutrons. E) protons and electrons.
protons and electrons
What is the most common output form of electrical current used in electrotherapy? A) Indirect B) Alternating C) Pulsed D) Fused E) Direct
pulsed
During a cryokinetic ankle treatment, which of the following should be performed with the ankle taped? A) Walking small steps B) Jogging a straight line C) Team drills D) All of the above. E) None of the above.
team drills
A __________ point is a localized area of the body that is extremely sensitive to palpation, electrical stimulation, or ultrasound. A) Trigger B) Action C) Jumper D) Focal
trigger
Understanding the relative quality of evidence is necessary for clinicians to make the most informed decisions during injury diagnosis and intervention. A) True B) False
true
What effect does a magnetic field have on tissue rehabilitation? A) Slowed wound healing B) Increased development of scar tissue C) Decreased vascularization D) Unknown effects
unknown
During ankle cryokinetics, isotonic strength development should begin after the patient can comfortably A) walk small steps. B) jog a straight line. C) perform team drills. D) walk large steps. E) sprint "lazy S's."
walk large steps