modul e2 behavioral science lesson 1 needs, motivation, attitude

what is social cognitive theory?

"theory of behavior change/learning that emphasizes relationship between people and their environment.

what is the functional attitudes theory?

Attitudes serve four functions: knowledge, ego expression, adaptation, and ego defense.

Who is Skinner?

Behaviorist. When you hear "skinner" think: skinner box, +/- reinforcement/punishment... Operant conditioning

What is the foot-in-the-door technique?

Small request is made and after gaining compliance, larger request is made

what are secondary drives?

They relate to situations or environmental stimuli associated with the reduction of primary drives and so many become drives themselves. Ex: Touch a hot stove and get burned

What is the prototype willingness model?

behavior is a function of 6 things; - past behavior - attitudes - subjective norms - our intentions - our willingness - models/prototypes.

what is incentive theory? what type of reinforcement is it based on?

behavior is motivated by desire to pursue rewards & avoid punishments positive reinforcement

For masylovs hierarchy of needs it has to start at the _____ which is ______ needs. The two basic needs are ____ and ____. The one social need is _____. the one respect need is ___. the maximum potential level is ____

bottom physiological physiological safety love self esteem self actualization

Arousal involves what part of the brain? what nervous system?

brainstem autonomic

What is the elaboration likelihood model? which rout is temporary and which is lasting?

describes wether we take the central or periphal route to process new information central= lasting peripheral= temporary

What are the three models for how attitude can effect behavior?

elaboration likelihood model prototype willingness model attitude to behavior process model

What are the 2 models for how behavior effect attitude?

foot in the door model role playing

What hormones are involved with hunger? What brain area measures this?

high levels of ghrelin low levels glucose hypothalamus

what are primary drives?

involve needs of the body such as hunger and thirst

What is the drive reduction theory?

need energizes our drive to do something into an aroused state, fulfilling that drive calms us down

what is the optimum arousal theory?

people do things to reach a peak state of arousal or natural high ex. why we go to amusement parks

What is Maslov's Hierarchy of Needs?

physiological (food and clothing), safety (job security), love and belonging needs (friendship), esteem, and self-actualization.

what is negative punishment?

removing a stimulus to stop a behavior from happening taking away phone to stop sneaking out

what is role playing?

An act of orienting one's own behavior to a set of expectations defined by a role. Eventually we adopt the attitude of that role.

What are the divisions of the nervous system?

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

what is the self determination theory?

Individuals have 3 basic psychological needs that must be met in order to be motivated to engage behavior. Autonomy and competence are key with this theory. The person must feel that they have a sense of control. Must also feel challenged yet successful.

What is negative reinforcement?

Negative reinforcement occurs when something already present is removed (taken away) as a result of a behaviour and the behaviour that led to this removal will increase in the future because it created a favourable outcome. \removing homework because of good work ethic

what is attitude?

a tendency to respond positively or negatively toward a certain person, object, idea, or situation ABC of attitude

What is positive punishment?

adding a stimulus to stop a behavior from happening adding chores when child neglects responsibilities

What is positive reinforcement?

adding something into the situation that increases the tendency to repeat the preceding behavior giving treat for doing a trick

What are the 3 components of attitude?

affective- feel, emotion behavioral- act., behave cognitive- thoughts, beliefs, knowledge ABC of attitude

what is the attitude to behavior process model?

an event triggers our attitude-->that attitude+our prior knowledge determines our behavior

what are the five approaches to motivation?

instinct, arousal, needs, drives

what hormone helps turn off hunger?

leptin

what organ maintain levels of glucose in the blood?

liver

What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases

What is the theory of planned behavior?

we consider our intentions and the implications of our actions before acting<div>Intentions are based on attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control</div>

What is the opponent process theory?

when we take a drug like a depressant, the body naturally counteracts that with a state of arousal. However this increased arousal continues after the drug has left our system, resulting in withdrawal symptoms explains tolerance