Module 1 Pharmacy Notes
What occurs during Phase I clinical trials?
1st it's tried on healthy human subjects, and are then given a generic drug name
What're the three things that pharmacokinetic processes affect?
A drug's effectiveness, dosing schedule, and use
What happens near the end of Phase III?
A proprietary or brand name is assigned by the company that will manufacture and sell the drug
What is a generic drug name?
Assigned by a government agency
What are legend or prescription drugs?
Drugs available by prescription and are dispensed from the pharmacy upon receipt of a valid prescription from a prescriber
What are pregnancy categorizations?
Drugs developed to assess safety during pregnancy; determining potential benefits and risks involved when a woman takes medication while pregnant
What are over-the-counter drugs (OTC)?
Drugs that can be purchased without a prescription
What are teratogenic drugs?
Drugs that can cause birth defects or malformations in a developing fetus
What is Ayurveda?
East Indian medicine that involves spiritual and whole-body well-being, employing change in diet and lifestyle
What're Schedule I drugs?
Illegal substances or only available for research or experimental purposes
Describe pharmacokinetics process in-depth.
It's first absorbed into the bloodstream (absorption), then it is circulated to tissues throughout the body (distribution), it's then inactivated (metabolized), and lastly it is eliminated (metabolism and excretion)
What are medications grouped by? According to what?
Major drug classes according to their mechanism of action. Drugs that have similar functions are put into a particular class and usually given names with a common stem
What're Schedule II (V) drugs?
Medications that can be legally dispensed with certain restrictions
What are controlled substances?
Medications that have been categorized by the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) to have the potential for abuse and dependence
What are dietary and nutritional supplements?
Medicine regulated as foods, but not regulated for safety and efficacy as are prescription& OTC products by the FDA
What is biofeedback?
Mental exercise and relaxation to slow heartbeat, lower blood pressure, and reduce stomach problems
What is chiropractic therapy?
Non-drug modalities; manipulation to achieve better body alignment and health
What is generic substitution?
Often a drug's class, mechanism of action, and common uses can be easily determined depending on their general name
What is eastern medicine?
Older type of medicine that used herbs and alternative therapies and recognizes a person's spiritual being and balance
What is acupressure?
Oriental technique of applying pressure to specific body points
What is the first phase of pharmacology?
Pharmaceutics
What is the third phase of pharmacology?
Pharmacodynamics
What is the second phase of pharmacology?
Pharmacokinetics
What is the fourth phase of pharmacology?
Pharmacotherapeutics
What occurs in Phase IV clinical trials?
Post marketing studies delineate additional information, including the treatment's risks, benefits, and optimal use
What occurs during Phase II & III clinical trials?
The drugs are tested on humans having the condition or disease the drug is supposed to treat
When a molecule is first discovered for medicinal properties, what is its name based on?
The molecular structure and tradition chemical nomenclature
Pathophysiology
The study of abnormal body processes or disease
What is pharmacodynamics?
The study of drugs and their receptors on the molecular level
What is pharmacokinetics?
The study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body
What is pharmaceutics?
The study of how drugs are introduced into the body
What is pharmacotherapeutics?
The study of how drugs are used in the prevention and treatment of disease, and how they're used in clinical practice for individual patients
Pharmacology
The study of how drugs from various sources work inside the body for their intended purposes
Physiology
The study of normal body function
Drug classes are lumped into what?
Therapeutic classes, which is its use on a particular body system
What is western medicine?
Traditional medicine, treatments generally recognized and accepted & rely on the scientific method
What is homeopathy?
Treats patients with heavily diluted preparations which are thought to cause effects similar to the symptoms presented
What is Chinese medicine?
Uses eastern medical philosophies
When are some drugs safe for pregnant women?
When they do not significantly cross through the placenta and enter rage bloodstream of the developing fetus
What is acupuncture?
the practice of inserting fine needles through the skin at specific points to cure disease or relieve pain, or unblock energy channels
