module 1 questions

what is essential to proper functioning of ALL prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms?

ATP (ATP is the essential molecule for transferring chemical energy within all cells.)

Carbohydrates and proteins are two types of macromolecules, which functional characteristic of proteins distinguishes them from carbohydrates?

Ability to catalyze biochemical reactions

What characteristic is shared by all eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Ability to store hereditary information.

Which statement best describes a direct role of ATP in a paramecium? A. ATP provides the energy to move cilia. B. ATP stores the genetic code for replication. C. ATP signals the presence of other nearby organisms. D. ATP senses changes in the surrounding aquatic environment.

A (ATP is the primary molecule of energy transfer in a cell.)

Plants are dependent on water. In most plants, water is absorbed by the roots and then moves up the stem of the plant and into the leaves by capillary action. Which properties of water are most responsible for the capillary action in plants? A. adhesion and cohesion B. low density and adhesion C. polarity and high specific heat D. high specific heat and cohesion

A (Capillary action is the result of hydrogen bonds forming between water molecules and the water molecules being attracted to the molecules inside the stem.)

How does a mitochondrion facilitate the movement of some materials between cells? A. It supplies the energy needed for moving molecules through membranes. B. It manufactures the proteins needed to form channels in cell membranes. C. It supplies digestive substances that break large molecules into smaller units. D. It produces fibers that attach to molecules and move them through the cytoplasm.

A (Mitochondria convert glucose to ATP, the primary molecule of energy transfer for cells.)

Which property of water is most responsible for plants being able to transport water from their roots to their leaves? A. the attraction between molecules B. a capacity to dissolve many substances C. the ability to form a low-density crystalline structure when frozen D. a capacity to absorb large amounts of energy as temperature increases

A(Hydrogen bonds form between water molecules, and capillary action draws the water up the roots and stem to leaves.)

Which statement best describes a function of the proteins embedded in the plasma membrane of cells? A. They provide instructions for the processes in the cell. B. They selectively allow certain particles into and out of the cell. C. They attract charges in the cell's environment to give the cell a net charge. D. They store the energy required by the rest of the membrane to perform its functions.

B (Channel proteins and protein pumps regulate the movement of materials, such as gases and nutrients, across the plasma membrane.)

Which process best describes the assembly of proteins from amino acids? A. Atoms are linked to form a compound. B. Monomers are linked to form a polymer. C. Atoms are added to a monomer until it becomes a polymer. D. Molecules are added to a compound until it becomes a monomer.

B(Amino acids are monomers that link together to form complex protein polymers.)

Which statement best compares a carbohydrate and a nucleic acid? A. The sequence of monomers in a carbohydrate stores genetic information, and the bonds in a nucleic acid store energy. B. The bonds in a carbohydrate store energy, and the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid stores genetic information. C. A carbohydrate has a unique structure to assist diffusion across a plasma membrane, and a nucleic acid has a unique structure to assist chemical reactions. D. A carbohydrate has a unique structure to assist chemical reactions, and a nucleic acid has a unique structure to assist diffusion across a plasma membrane.

B(Energy is stored in the bonds of carbohydrates such as glucose. The genetic code of DNA is determined by the sequence of nucleic acid monomers called nucleotides.)

Lungs and capillaries both have porous linings that allow certain substances to move into or out of the structures. Which function do these porous linings most likely serve in living organisms? A. heat release B. gas exchange C. carbohydrate absorption D. osmotic pressure regulation

B(Oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules are transferred into and out of capillaries in the lungs.)

Each cell in the human body contains thousands of different enzymes responsible for regulating reactions within the cell. Which statement explains why a single enzyme is unable to regulate a variety of reactions? A. The binding of a product and an enzyme is specific. B. The binding of a substrate and an enzyme is specific. C. The enzyme is consumed by the products of the reactions. D. The enzyme is consumed by the substrates of the reactions.

B(The active site on an enzyme fits only a specific substrate.)

What is the main purpose for initiating the production of folding helpers in a cell? A. DNA replication B. forming gametes C. passive transport D. maintaining homeostasis

D ("Folding helpers" ensure the correct folding of proteins to return the plant to normal operating conditions, which is homeostasis.)

The element carbon has multiple bonding patterns. Which bonding pattern cannot be formed by carbon? A. C—C B. C—C—C C. C=C=C D. C≡C≡C

D(Carbon has only four valence electrons and the pattern shown would require six valence electrons.)

Which statement best compares eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells? A. Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells. B. Prokaryotic cells are more complex than eukaryotic cells. C. Prokaryotic cells contain a distinct central organelle, and eukaryotic cells do not. D. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, and prokaryotic cells do not.

D(Membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are not found in prokaryotes.)

What does cellular respiration produce?

carbon dioxide, water, and energy

Where does glycolysis take place?

cytoplasm

which part of the cell cycle takes the LONGEST amount of time?

interphase

Living organisms can be classified as prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Which two structures are common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

plasma membrane and cytoplasm