Module 10

The T-score measurement of the lumbar spine compares the patient's total BMD value to: A. A young adult reference population of the same gender B. An age, gender, and ethnicity matched reference population C. The T-score reference for premenopausal women and men younger than 50 D. The total area to calculate the patient's bone mineral content

A. A young adult reference population of the same gender

All vertebral segments have the same structural components, EXCEPT for: A. C1-C2 B. L1-L2 C. S1-S2 D. T1-T2

A. C1-C2

The Z-score is used for which population? A. Premenopausal women B. Men older than 50 C. Postmenopausal women D. The world health organization (WHO) reference population

A. Premenopausal women

The ISCD recommends using a minimum of ___ vertebrae for diagnostic evaluation of the lumbar spine. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

B. 2

The positioning block used for DXA scan of the lumbar spine has ___ different height settings. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

B. 3

The lumbar spine has ___ vertebrae. A. 4 B. 5 C. 7 D. 12

B. 5

BMC and BMD should decreases from L1-L4. A. True B. False

B. False **BMC and BMD should increase from L1-L4**

If the shoulders are not square with the pelvis during a lumbar spine DXA scan, the technologist: A. Can compensate by tilting the ROI lines of the analysis B. Must reposition the patient correctly C. Should consider performing a lateral DXA scan instead D. Can proceed with the scan

B. Must reposition the patient correctly

_____ show(s) which parts of the scan are calculated as bone and soft tissues. A. Alphanumeric labels B. The bone map C. The patient's BMD D. Z-scores

B. The bone map

What is the factory default acquisition mode for hologic scanners? A. Array B. Express C. Fast array D. High definition

C. Fast array

For obese patients, the umbilical can be used as an approximate landmark for locating the: A. L4-L5 joint space B. L5-S1 joint space C. Iliac crest D. Anterior superior iliac spine

C. Iliac crest

When should the lumbar spine DXA scan be stopped? A. After seeing the top of L1 B. Once the iliac crests are visible C. At the bottom of T 12 D. After T12 ribs appear

D. After T12 ribs appear

A laminectomy on a DXA scan appears as a: A. Darkened area B. Fractured vertebra C. Missing bone D. Very high Z-score

C. Missing bone

The lumbar spine is a primary DXA site because lumbar vertebrae: A. Are larger than thoracic vertebrae B. Are less susceptible to fracture C. Typically reflect the highest vertebral bone density D. Curve less than the thoracic vertebrae

C. Typically reflect the highest vertebral bone density

On a typical PA lumbar spine DXA scan, which lumbar vertebra is likely to have transverse processes resembling wings? A. L2 B. L3 C. L4 D. L5

D. L5

A bone densitometry exam should be delayed 48-72 hours after nuclear medicine studies using: A. Fluorine-18 FDG B. Gallium-67 C. Thallium-201 D. Technetium-99m

D. Technetium-99m

Which vertebrae should be included in a typical lumbar spine DXA analysis? A. T12-L5 B. L1-L4 C. L1-L5 D. L2-L4

A. T12-L5

A lap band port is an example of a non removable artifact that can affect the diagnostic quality of a lumbar DXA scan. A. True B. False

A. True

L1-L4 are the only vertebrae included in the ROI and used for a DXA analysis of the lumbar spine. A. True B. False

A. True

What should the technologist do after placing the positioning block for a lumbar analysis? A. Use the laser light and table controls to center the patient B. Review the baseline scan for positioning details C. Complete the patient questionnaire D. Offering the patient a pillow for comfort

A. Use the laser and table controls to center the patient