Module 1.4 Learning Curve

The current global ecological footprint is the equivalent of approximately ________ Earth(s).

1.7 Earths; The total global ecological footprint is 20.6 billion global hectares, while the equivalent of 1 Earth is 12.2.

For a long time prior to the Industrial Revolution, Earth's human population had plateaued at around _____.

100 Million; After the onset of the Industrial Revolution, Earth's population rapidly increased to 1 billion by 1800.

Human population approximately doubled in size since _____ to reach our current size of 7.5 billion.

1970

Earth is home to approximately ________ people.

7.5 billion

In 2017, the global human population was approximately _____.

7.5 billion; We passed the 7 billion milestone in 2011.

Industrializing:

Better conditions lead to lower death rates; however, birth rates remain high, resulting in rapid population growth.

Preindustrial:

Birth and death rates are high but similar (replacement fertility), so population growth is slow or stationary; population size is low.

Postindustrial:

Birth rates are similar to death rates (replacement fertility), so population growth stabilizes at a new higher population size.

Mature industrial:

Birth rates begin to fall, though they still outnumber deaths; population is still growing but at a slower rate.

What is the relationship between countries' total fertility rate and their percent of married women using modern birth control methods?

Countries with higher fertility rates tend not to use as much contraception; Women in countries with high TFRs tend to want many children and thus would not use contraception.

Which of the following statements comparing developing countries to developed countries is TRUE?

Crude death rates are higher in developed countries

True or False: Ecological footprints are largest where people live most sustainably.

False; Footprints are largest where people live most consumptively and least sustainably

True or False: Both increased life-expectancy and decreased birth rate result in slower population growth.

False; Increased life expectancy increases population growth because fewer individuals are lost from the population offset births. Increased life expectancy does not slow population growth. The population merely retains more post-reproductive individuals.

True or False: The Black Death occurred in North America around 1350.

False; Only Native Americans lived in North America in 1350. The Black Death occurred in Europe.

True or False: In many patriarchal societies, boys are aborted or given up for adoption at much higher rates than girls.

False; The opposite is true.

Global population underwent a growth spurt in the 1700s as the _____ resulted in advances in sanitation and health care that increased the growth rate.

Industrial Revolution; Its effects were first felt in developed countries such as England and have slowly worked their way into developing countries such as China and India.

The achievement of Kerala's population growth slowing so much while literacy rates increased is referred to as the ________ Model by economists.

Kerala; The Kerala Model underscores the importance of literacy in an effort to control population growth.

After the onset of the Industrial Revolution, Earth's population rapidly increased to 1 billion by 1800.

New Jersey; New Jersey is the densest U.S. state, with 1,200 people per square mile.

Which country shown in the infographic has the greatest population momentum?

Nigeria

During which of the following stages of the demographic transition model is the largest gap between birth rate and death rate?

Stage 2

All of the following information is provided on an age structure diagram EXCEPT:

TFR

True or False: China is now allowing couples to have two children.

TRUE

China's population continues to increase despite a decrease in the total fertility rate to 1.54, which is below replacement. Which of the following best explains this?

This is due to population momentum; as the population eventually ages, there will be fewer young women and growth will slow; China's growth is already slowing, and eventually, the population is expected to plateau.

True or False: From 1974 to 2011, the global population increased from 4 billion to 7 billion, but the growth rate decreased over this period.

True; The rate of population growth peaked in the 1960s and has been declining ever since.

All of the following were a result of the Industrial Revolution EXCEPT:

a shift from hunting and gathering to farming; This occurred during the Agricultural Revolution. increased rate of population growth is not it because the Industrial Revolution made it easier for people to live longer, thus increasing the rate of population growth.

The higher crude death rate in developed countries is due to which of the following?

an aging population; Populations that are top-heavy (many old people) will have a higher proportion of deaths than populations that are bottom-heavy (many young people). In 2015, it was 8 per 1,000 for the planet as a whole with an average crude death rate of 7 in developing countries and 10 in developed countries. A higher death rate is found in those developed countries that have an aging population (more elderly people in their population). Because of their high birth rates, by far, most current and future population growth is occurring, and will continue to occur, in developing nations.

Mali has a median age of 15.9 and a TFR of 6.6. Where would you expect its age structure diagram to be widest?

at the bottom; Only developing countries with high TFRs have age structure diagrams with a wide base.

Of the following, which one is LEAST likely to be effective as a first step for a developing country that wants to control its population growth?1

distributing free birth control; There are many reasons people would not use birth control. These reasons would need to be addressed before free birth control could be effective. providing employment opportunities for women, providing better health care for children, providing better education to women

A bottom-heavy age structure diagram depicts a country with a _____ population, whereas a top-heavy age structure diagram illustrates a country with a _____ population.

growing pop; stable or shrinking pop A top-heavy diagram indicates an aging population, with many and possibly the majority of its citizens being of post-reproductive age. NOT stable; unstable Even though a bottom-heavy pyramid looks more stable (architecturally speaking), a bottom-heavy age structure diagram has a high proportion of young people that will soon reach reproductive age and thus shows a population that has been growing rapidly and will continue to do so.

All of the following statements about infant mortality are true EXCEPT:

it contributes to lower fertility; Higher childhood mortality rates tend to lead to higher desired fertility and thus higher TFRs because couples will have more children to account for the likelihood that some of those children will die young. NOT it is higher in many developing countries, especially Africa; Infant mortality rates are highest in Afghanistan and Mali.

All of the following are commonly considered to be demographic factors EXCEPT:

land area of a country. they do consider education, economic conditions, or children's health

Which of the following occurs in the post-industrial stage?

little to no population growth Birth and death rates are roughly equal, so population size is fairly stable.

Which of the following would be a logical way to extend Earth's ability to support the human population?

shifting from fossil fuel energy sources to renewable sources such as solar and wind NOT -expecting individuals in developing countries to make do with significantly fewer resources -converting additional habitat to shelter for humans -encouraging developing countries to include more meat in their diet