Module 14

Tubeworms that live along the deep sea vents often have chemosynthetic bacteria living in close association with them. In fact, these chemosynthetic bacteria typically live within the cells of the tubeworm. In this case, we would refer to the chemosynthetic bacteria as: a) endosymbionts b) holobionts c) parasites d) ecomorphs

a) endosymbionts

The use of Notch signaling for development of a variety of tissues across species is an example of: a) Modularity b) Molecular Parsimony c) Duplication and Divergence d) Heterochrony

b) Molecular Parsimony

If Daphnia are exposed to chemicals produced by their predators, they will develop into one form rather than another. This example describes a: a) reaction norm b) polyphenism c) developmental symbiosis d) holobiont

b) polyphenism

Which of the following processes is typically responsible for the existence of families of regulatory proteins or noncoding RNAs? a) Modularity b) Molecular Parsimony c) Duplication and Divergence d) Heterochrony

c) Duplication and Divergence

FOG-1, a CPEB family protein in the nematode worm, is necessary for sperm fate specification and regulates germline stem cell proliferation. What constraints would you expect to limit dramatic changes to the fog-1 gene over time? a) physical constraints b) morphogenetic constraints c) pleiotropic constraints d) germline constraints

c) pleiotropic constraints

Sex determination in turtles is an example of a: a) diet-induced polyphenism b) predator-induced polyphenism c) temperature-induced polyphenism d) reaction norm

c) temperature-induced polyphenism

Based on examples presented in class, what condition is most likely to develop in zebrafish raised without Aeromonas bacteria? a) E. coli infection b) Crohn's disease c) Ulcerative colitis d) Diabetes

d) Diabetes

Mice grown in germ-free conditions do not have any gut bacteria. What developmental outcome would you expect in one of these mice? a) Fewer infections b) Greater cellular diversity within the intestine c) Higher expression of genes required for intestinal differentiation d) Failure of the cells of the intestine to differentiate

d) Failure of the cells of the intestine to differentiate

FOG-1 is a CPEB family protein in the nematode worm that promotes sperm fate and also regulates stem cell proliferation. Relative to other CPEB family members, it has a large insertion in its RNA binding domain that changes the target mRNAs that it will bind to and regulate. This example describes an instance of: a) heterotopy b) heterochrony c) heterometry d) heterotypy

d) heterotypy

Tubeworms and chemosynthetic bacteria have lived symbiotically for so long that tubeworms have lost some of their enzymatic functions and now rely on the chemosynthetic bacteria to perform those reactions. We could refer collectively to the tubeworm and chemosynthetic bacteria within it as a: a) chemosynthetic bacteria within it as a: b) ecomorph c) morph d) holobiont e) parasitism

d) holobiont