Module 15: Reformation and Upheaval:salzman

Indulgence

a pardon releasing a person from punishment for a sin

excommunication

taking away of a person's right of membership in a Christian church

presdestination

the doctrine that God has determined all things beforehand including which people will be eternally saved

95 Thesis

written by Martin Luther; formal statements attacking the "Pardon Merchants", posted on the church door in Wittenberg, started the reformation

Anabaptist

"Baptized again" believe that only people old enough to decide to be Christian should be baptized, believed that Church and state should be separate, refused to fight in war, lived communally. Forerunners of the Mennonites and Amish

Council of Trent Accomplishments

1) Church's interpretation of the Bible is final 2) Christians need faith and good works for salvation 3) Bible and Church have equal authorities in guiding Christians 4) indulgences were valid expressions of faith, but selling them were banned

Focus of Jesuits

1) education 2) convert non-christians 3) stop spread of Protestantism

Luther's Teachings (3)

1) people could win salvation only by faith in God's forgiveness 2) Church teachings are based on the words of the Bible 3) All people with faith are equal

Catholic Reformation

18th century movement in which the Roman Catholic Church sought to make changes in response to the protestant reformation

Angela Merici

Began Company of Saint Ursula Dedicated to teaching girls

What did the first version of the catechism written by Luther look like?

Cartoon,used pictures

Huldrych Zwingli

Catholic priest who was influenced by Erasmus and the reforms of Luther and began a religious reform in Switzerland and called for a return to a more personal faith and wanted believers to have more control over the Church

What is the main difference between Catholics and Protestants?

Catholics believe in the authority of the pope and Protestants don't

The Peasant's War, 1524

Causes: Peasant's hadn't been helped by the economic improvement. Luther was accused of starting the rebellion in Germany.

Protestants

Christians who are not Roman Catholic or Eastern Orthodox, founded on the principles of the reformation

What did Luther do when he was given a change to save himself at trial

He asked for time to think about it

What was Luther's moral struggle that Began in childhood

He didn't believe that doing good works was enough to get to heaven

How did pope Leo try to control Luther

He issued a papbull

Why wouldn't Luther form an alliance with Swiss reformer Zwingli

He thought he was a rank skeptic

What tortured Luther

He thought he was unworthy

What was Luther in a struggle to seek

He was trying to Save souls and he wanted to be a better Christian

Why did Luther promised he would do if he survived a lightning storm

He would become a monk

Italian Wars (1494-1559)

Helped to spread the Italian Renaissance

Who thought Luther's call to the monastery came from the devil

His dad

Why was Luther against Chastity (not getting married) for most people

It distracted him from his work

Why was it dangerous for Luther to agree with Jan Hus' ideas?

Luther would be burned at the state

What were some of the criticism of the church

Popes who ruled during the renaissance spent extravagantly on personal pleasure Many popes were pursing worldly affairs than time for spiritual duties Many priest couldn't read or write Priest broke priestly vows by marrying, gamble and drank

Mary (daughter of Catherine of Aragon)

Returned English Church to rule of the pope. Had many protestants executed. Became Queen after her half-brother Edward VI died. Succeeded to the throne by her half-sister.

John Knox

Scottish preacher who took Calvin's teachings to Scotland, each community church was governed by a group of laymen called Elders, or presbyters

Describe Luther's wife

She was good with finances and intelligent

What did Luther I think the primary job of parents was?

Teach the kids about the Bible and 10 commandment

Who did Luther say was not above the Bible, which made people upset

The pope

What made monk Martin Luther the first theologian to have popular support

The printing press

How Were Luther's 95 theses used without his knowledge

The printing press, people printed it out and sent them out

Why did people buying indulgences make Luther unhappy

The selling of it was dishonest

How did Emperor Charles' threat to invade backfire

War

Elizabeth I

Was requested by Protestants to make church reforms. Decided to build an American empire. Ran into money problems. Established a state church

Martin Luther

a monk and scholar who taught at the University of Wittenberg in Germany, concluded that faith alone was the key to salvation. Felt the woman's role was to stay home and keep house.

calvinists

based on the teachings of John Calvin

Ignatius of loyola

began the Jesuits, wrote Spiritual Exercises

Act of Supremacy

called on people to take an oath recognizing divorce, accepting Henry, not the Pope as the official head of England's church

annul

cancel or set aside

Anglicans

established by King Henry VIII in England

Inquisition

established by the catholic church to fight protestantism, tried people who were accused of being protestant, practicing witchcraft, or breaking church law

theocracy

government controlled by religious leaders

Thomas More

high councillor for Henry VIII, felt his faith would not allow him to accept the Act of Supremacy, imprisioned

heresy

holding religious beliefs that are contrary to Church teachings

Edict of Worms

imperial order by Charles V declaring Luther an outlaw and heretic

Nation States

independent political unit of people having common culture and identity

Lutheran

member of a Protestant Church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther

John Calvin

men are sinful by nature, God chooses a few people to save and believed in predestination. Felt Theocracy was the best form of government. He made another branch of Protestantism emerged in Switzerland based on his teachings

Reformation

movement of religious reform in the 16th century leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope's authority

moors

muslims in Spain

Teresa of Avila

reformer of the Carmelite Order of sisters Ran away to a convent Had visions of Christ

Edict of Nantes

ruling by King Henry of Navarre (converted to Catholicism, granting religious freedom to protestants in France in 1598