Module 15: Theories of Leadership

Charismatic leaders __________.

- Are dominant - Are exceptionally self-confident - Have strong convictions in the moral righteousness of their beliefs

Transformational leadership theory emphasizes generating excitement in followers through __________.

- Being a charismatic leader - Intellectually stimulating subordinates - Giving individualized attention to subordinates

Which of the following are essential skills or strategies that contribute to the effectiveness of transformational leaders?

- Being consistent and dependable - Conveying a vision - Recognizing their personal strengths

Studies of leadership behavior have focused on which of the following aspects?

- Employee participation in decision making - Group maintenance - Task performance

Research indicates that managers who have high maintenance leadership behaviors have __________ from their employees.

- Fewer grievances - Less turnover

Task performance leadership behaviors focus on which of the following?

- Following the rules - Quantity of output - Work speed

According to the Tannenbaum and Schmidt model of situational leadership, what are the factors managers should consider before deciding how to lead?

- Forces in the manager - Forces in the situation - Forces in the subordinate

Which of the following characterize authentic leaders?

- Honesty - Reliability - Integrity - Trustworthiness

Who of the following are examples of transformational leaders in business?

- Jeff Bezos - Lee lacocca

What are situational factors used to analyze problems under the Vroom model of leadership?

- Likelihood of commitment - Group expertise - Decision significance

Group maintenance behaviors focus on __________.

- People's feelings and comfort - Stress reduction

According to University of Michigan research, the most effective managers engage in __________.

- Planning - Scheduling - Coordinating

What are the basic leadership styles described by Fiedler?

- Relationship-motivated - Task-motivated

What are traditional approaches to leadership?

- Situational approach - Behavioral approach - Trait approach

According to Fiedler, which of the following determine the favorability of a situation?

- Task structure - Position power - Leader-member relations

According to Fiedler's contingency model, a leader's effectiveness depends on which of the following?

- The personal style of the leader - The degree to which the situation gives the leader power, control, and influence

Traditional approaches to understanding leadership include which of the following?

- Trait - Behavioral - Situational

Leaders considered to be charismatic leaders inspire which of the following in their followers?

- Trust - Admiration - Affection

Which of the following are situations that lessen the importance of group maintenance behaviors?

- Workers have a professional orientation - Workers form a closely knit group

Drag and drop the forces in Tannenbaum and Schmidt's model of situational leadership with the appropriate descriptions. Forces in the manager: Forces in the situation: Forces in the subordinate:

1. Feelings of security, personal values, and confidence in employees 2. Type of leadership style the organization values and the type of information needed to solve the problem 3. Understanding and accepting the organization's goals, readiness to assume responsibility, and interest in the task or problem

Which of the following type of leader is most likely to motivate people to transcend their personal interests for the sake of the organization?

A transformational leader

Which statement about leadership is true?

A wide range of effective leadership styles exist.

__________ leadership is when a leader stays true to himself or herself while leading.

Authentic

Effective leaders should display __________ behaviors.

Both transactional and transformational

__________ leadership styles give a company a competitive edge over others because they know there is no "one best way."

Diverse

True or False: Effective leaders use one style of leadership.

False

True or False: Laissez-faire leadership assumes managers make most decisions.

False

True or False: Maintenance behaviors are the same for any culture.

False

True or False: The most effective leaders chose either transformational behaviors or transactional behaviors, but not both.

False

Which model of leadership asserts that a leader's effectiveness depends on personal style and the degree to which the situation gives the leader power, control, and influence over the situation?

Fiedler's contingency model

When a situation is unfavorable for leading, how does this impact the manager's job?

It becomes difficult to maintain situational control.

According to which leadership theory do leadership behaviors (including open communication, mutual respect, and mutual loyalty) all work to improve relationships?

Leader-member exchange

__________ highlights the importance of leader behaviors not just toward the group as a whole but toward individuals on a personal basis.

Leader-member exchange theory

__________ leadership combines strong professional will and personal humility.

Level 5

__________ is defined as an employee's self-confidence and self-respect.

Psychological maturity

A pseudo-transformational leader is most likely to do which of the following?

Put their own self-interests ahead of their followers

__________ theory proposes that the more mature the followers are, the less the leader needs to engage in task performance behaviors.

Situational

In the situational theory, Hersey and Blanchard identified which of the following as the key situational factor?

The maturity of the followers.

__________ leaders view management as a series of steps in which they use their powers in a dispassionate manner to get work done.

Transactional

True or False: Situational leadership means that leaders vary their behavior from situation to situation.

True

According to LMX theory, which of the following is a behavior that produces more satisfying and productive relationships?

Trust

The leadership model that emphasizes how leaders go about making decisions is called the __________ model.

Vroom

The behavioral approach to leadership attempts to identify which of the following?

What good leaders do.

A style in which the leader is true to himself or herself is called __________ leadership.

authentic

When leaders strive for credibility in the form of honesty, genuineness, reliability, integrity, and trustworthiness, they are said to be __________ leaders.

authentic

A leader who exhibits a(n) __________ style will make decisions alone, without participation by the group.

autocratic

The focus of behavioral leadership is on how leaders __________.

behave

Group maintenance is one of the aspects of the _________ approach to leadership.

behavioral

A leader who has a vision, a strong conviction in the moral righteousness of his or her beliefs, and the ability to communicate it to others exemplifies the essence of __________.

charisma

Jon is able to get his employees to support his vision for the department because he is a self-confident leader who is enthusiastic and excited about his vision. Jon is a(n) __________ leader whose style may be particularly effective when organizations are undergoing transformations.

charismatic

Leaders who are dominant, self-confident, and able to communicate their vision to subordinates are __________ leaders.

charismatic

Leaders who contribute to their organizations by inspiring trust, confidence, and acceptance are identified as __________ leaders.

charismatic

The essence of a __________ leader is having a vision and enthusiastically communicating it to others.

charismatic

The excitement, dominance, and self-confidence of __________ leaders contribute to their ability to inspire followers to enthusiastically support their vision.

charismatic

In Japan, written memos are preferred over giving directions face-to-face, but in the United States, this is often done face-to-face. This shows that maintenance behaviors differ across __________.

cultures

In __________ leadership, input is solicited by leaders from others.

democratic

Actions taken to ensure the satisfaction of group members are __________ behaviors.

group maintenance

Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory highlights the importance of leader behaviors toward individuals and/or _________.

groups

Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory states that before deciding whether task performance or maintenance behaviors are more important, managers should consider an employee's __________.

job maturity

The absence of managerial decision making is known as __________ leadership.

laissez-faire

A combination of strong professional will and humility that builds enduring greatness describes __________ leadership.

level 5

The relationship-motivated leadership style in Fiedler's leadership model is described as __________.

maintaining good interpersonal associations with followers

One research study found that fewer grievances and less turnover resulted in groups where managers were high in __________ behaviors.

maintenance/consideration

According to Hersey and Blanchard, the key factor of situational theory is the __________ of the followers.

maturity

Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory asserts that managers should consider an employee's job __________ before deciding whether task performance or maintenance behaviors are more important.

maturity

Maintenance behaviors are most important for followers with __________ levels of maturity.

moderate

The skill of __________ contributes to transformational leadership.

possessing a vision

A(n) __________ leader is one who ignores the needs of his followers and puts his own self-interests first.

pseudotransformational

Jason ignores the needs of his followers and pursues his own interests. He is called a(n) __________ leader.

pseudotransformational

Leadership that places primary emphasis on maintaining good interpersonal relationships is known as __________ leadership.

relationship-motivated

The level of a person's __________ is a measure of psychological maturity.

self-confidence

Task-oriented behaviors include planning, scheduling, coordinating, providing resources, and __________.

setting performance goals

The appropriateness of democratic leadership depends on the characteristics of the leaders, the followers, and the __________.

situation

When leaders vary their behavior from situation to situation they are demonstrating a __________ leadership approach.

situational

A democratic decision may not be appropriate when __________ or decisiveness is of the essence.

speed

According to the concept of __________ for leadership, sometimes leader's don't have to lead and some situation may cause leadership to have little impact.

substitute

Certain follower, task, and organizational factors can be __________ for leadership.

substitutes

Marsha has two employees working under her in the accounting department. Both employees have worked for the company for at least 10 years, have college degrees in accounting, and are confident in themselves. In this department, __________ would be suitable.

substitutes for leadership

According to Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, relationship-oriented leaders are most effective in moderately favorable situations, whereas __________-oriented leaders are most effective in situations that are very favorable or very unfavorable.

task

According to Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, task-motivated leaders should be used when the __________ is structured and the leader member relations are good.

task

Actions taken to ensure that the work group or organization reaches its goals are called __________ behaviors.

task performance

Leadership that emphasizes completion of assignments or jobs is called __________ leadership in Fiedler's contingency model.

task-motivated

A leadership perspective that attempts to determine the personal characteristics of effective leaders is called the __________ approach.

trait

The __________ approach to leadership assumes that there is a "leadership personality" and that leaders are born, not made.

trait

A __________ leader is someone who uses his or her legitimate power to give commands and exchange rewards for services rendered.

transactional

A leader who is able to generate excitement and revitalize an organization is a __________ leader.

transformational

As a _________ leader, Ben can generate excitement in his followers by being a charismatic leader, intellectually stimulating subordinates, and/or giving individualized attention to subordinates.

transformational

Henry Ford and Herb Kelleher are examples of __________ leaders.

transformational

It is important for managers to adjust their personal leadership approach to the needs and goals of others. For this reason, effective leaders use __________ leadership styles.

various