module 2

Major contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs both naturally due to the breakdown of organic materials and as a result of human activity.

methane

Minor contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs naturally in the atmosphere as part of the nitrogen cycle; it is also released from agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels.

nitrous oxides

Chloroplast

organelle where chemical reactions of photosynthesis occur

Minor contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs naturally and through interactions of solar energy with pollutants in the lower atmosphere.

ozone

what is the second reaction in photosynthesis

the Calvin cycle reaction

what happens when the light dependent reaction is in the thylakoid

the conversion of light energy to chemical energy

what happens during cellular respiration

the excess carbons of the organic molecules are released as either inorganic molecules, carbon dioxideinto the atmosphere, or bicarbonate in the oceans.

what do plants and protists use inorganic carbon for

to make organic molecules (glucose)

coal formation occurred when

300 million years ago during the carboniferous period

what does the Calvin cycle make direct use of during the light reaction

ATP and NADPH

Biological carbon cycle

Carbon enters food webs as an organic molecule through a process called photosynthesis. Plants and protists are able to capture inorganic carbon from their environment and uses it to make organic moleculessuch as glucose.

greenhouse effect

Greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation emitted by the planet's surface. This trapped heat energy is released slowly back into the atmosphere.

what is generated in the last stage of the Calvin cycle

RuBP

what is the principal role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle

Using energy from the sun, plants convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into chemical energy of sugars.

biogeochemical cycle

While decomposers release most of the carbon of once living organisms back into the atmosphere immediately, long-term storage of organic carbon, such as fossil fuels, forms from the burying of remains of once living organisms.

on a tree what acts as a photosynthetic factory

a leaf

what type of concentration does carbon dioxide make up In the earths atmosphere

a small concentration

what is the thylakoid suspended in

a thick fluid called the stroma

A major effect on planet Earth due to the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide is

an increase in global atmospheric and surface temperatures

Biosphere

as all the living organisms on Earth along with the physical environment in which they live.

How are coal, oil, and natural gas gathered

by subjecting organic materials to heat and pressure

what happens during the Calvin cycle reaction

carbon Is fixed during the cycle when gaseous carbon dioxide is converted into solid glucose

Major contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs both naturally and as a byproduct of burning fossils fuels, in particular coal

carbon dioxide

what does the carbon cycle get from the atmosphere

carbon dioxide

what is the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis

carbon dioxide is reduced to a sugar during photosynthesis

what were the levels of carbon dioxide prior to the 1950s

contstantly stayed below 300ppm

how is organic carbon formed/stored

forms/stored from the burying of remains of once living organisms

Having a natural range of Europe and Asia, this species was intentionally introduced in the United States on a misguided attempt to produce silk from hardy worms. This species feeds voraciously on the foliage of many North American plants.

gypsy moths

where does the Calvin cycle reaction occur

in the stroma

what is in the chloroplast

inside the chloroplast there are hundreds of interconnected sacs of membranes called thylakoids which are suspended in a thick fluid called the stroma

. A species intentionally introduced to prevent soil erosion and provide shade. This species outcompeted local plant species.

kudzu

Introduced to the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean when no longer wanted as an aquarium pet, these predators are outcompeting top predators and pose an issue for coral reef ecosystems.

lionfish

where are oil and natural gas formed

locations of ancient inland seas

where are oil, natural gas, and coal stored

long-term reservoirs of carbon on earth

coal formed by what

plants and animals that lived in swampy ecosystems

how do biological exchanges of carbon between its organic and inorganic form occur

quickly

Typically introduced to a new area via boat, these introduced species not only have brought diseases but also decimated native bird populations.

rats

the movement of carbon from the reservoirs back to the atmosphere occurs

slowly

coal, natural gas, oil released how

slowly over long periods of time

what does the carbon cycle form from ATP, NADPH, and CO2

sugar

coal was formed where

vast inland coal deposits

Minor contributor to global warming and climate change. Occurs naturally and is released during the water cycle.

water

what is within a mesophyll cell

within the cell there are dozens of specialized cells called chloroplast

Infested the Great Lakes of North America via boat, this species caused disruptions in aquatic ecosystem and has led to the extinction of native species due to their ability to out compete them for food.

zebra mussels

Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?

the thylakoid

what is the tissue of a leaf made of

the tissue is made of thousands of plant cells, called mesophyll cells

where do plants and protists capture inorganic carbon

their environment

what do greenhouse gases do to heat

they trap heat near the earths surface

how are oil and natural gas formed

they're formed by microscopic plants and animals living in the oceans

how do plants and animals release energy stored in organic molecules

through cellular respiration

most significant contributor to climate change

gas found in the atmosphere