Module 2: Connecting and Communicating Online: The Internet, Websites, and Media
Web Publishing
The creation and maintenance of websites Steps to web publishing 1. plan the website 2. design the website 3. create the website 4. host the website 5. Maintain the website -some are dedicated to a portion of web publishing and others provide a variety of services such as website design, content management, web hosting, website marketing, website analysis, and survey development
The Internet
The internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals Services of the internet include web, messaging, and video communications, chat rooms, discussion forums, and file transfer Users can connect their computers and mobile devices to the Internet through wired or wireless technology and then access its services free or for a fee. With wired connections, a computer or device physically attaches via a cable or wire to a communications device, such as a modem, that transmits data and other items over transmission media to the Internet. For wireless connections, many mobile computers and devices include the necessary built-in technology so that they can transmit data and other items wirelessly.
gigabyte (GB)
is equal to approx. one billion characters
Blog
an informal website consisting of time-stamped articles, or posts, in a diary or journal format, usually listed in reverse chronological order
Firefox
known for its extensive array of plug-ins This free browser was first released in 2004 and must be downloaded and installed. It has enhanced privacy and security features, a spelling checker, tabbed browsing, and a password manager.
JavaScript
language used to add special effects to a website
Broadband
an internet service that transfers data at a faster speed and its always-on connection -users can download webpages quickly, play online games, communicate in real-time with others and more
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
an internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading to and from other computers on the internet
Registrar
an organization that sells and manages domain names.
Anonymous FTP
anyone can transfer some, if not all, available files
Byte
basic storage unit on a computer or mobile device and represents a single character.
Subject Directory
classifies web pages in an organized set of categories, such as sports or shopping, and related subcategories Using a subject directory, you locate a particular topic by clicking links through different levels, moving from the general to the specific.
Traffic
communications activity on the internet -includes main transmission media to carry internet traffic AKA Internet Backbone ^exchanges data at several different major cities across the country (transfers data from one network to another until reaching the final destination
thread
consists of the original article and all subsequent related files ex./ companies set this up for their customers to ask questions or share info about their products
Friends
contacts created on social networking sites Some sites, such as Facebook and LinkedIn, require friends to confirm a friendship, while others, such as Twitter and Google+, allow users to follow one another without confirmation.
Web Feed
contains links to or information about updated or changed content on a website
Web Feed
contains links to or information about updated or changed content on a website Mass media, blogs, and online social networks often provide web feeds, saving users the time spent checking the websites for updated content. Most browsers contain the capability to read web feeds.
Contact List or Address Book
contains names, addresses, phone numbers, email addresses, and other details about people with whom you communicate.
Dynamic Webpage
content of the webpage is regenerated each time a user displays it
Analog
continuous wave pattern
Mobile Browser
designed for their smaller screens and limited computing power
Cyberbullying
harassment using technology
Video
images displayed in motion accompanied by audio -you can upload, share, or view video clips at a video sharing site Simple video applications on the web consist of individual video files, such as movie or television clips, that you must download completely before you can play them on a computer or mobile device.
Audio
includes music, speech, or any other sound -are compressed to reduce their file sizes Simple applications consist of individual audio files available for download to a computer or device. Once downloaded, you can play (listen to) the content of these files. ex./ the MP3 reduces an audio file to about one-tenth its original size while preserving much of the original quality of the sound ^need a media player to play
Wireless transmission
includes radio waves and satellite signals -Computers without a communications device can use a wireless modem or other communications device that enables wireless connectivity --Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) -Mobile broadband -Fixed wireless -Satellite Internet Service
Internet Backbone
major carriers of network traffic
Mapping
maps can be displayed in a variety of views, including terrain, aerial, maps, streets, buildings, traffic, and weather. Several mapping website and web apps exist that enable you to display up-to-date maps by searching for an address, postal code, phone number, or point of interest Many work with GPS to determine where a user is located, eliminating the need for a user to enter the starting point and enabling the website to recommend nearby points of interest.
Internet messaging
often occurs in real-time, are communication services that notify you when one or more of your established contacts are online and then allows you to exchange messages or files or join a private chat room with them -real time meaning that you and the people with whom you are conversing are online at the same time
Travel and Tourism
on these websites you typically can read travel reviews, search for and compare flights and prices, order airline tickets, book a room, or reserve a rental car.
Public Technical Identifiers (PTI)
organization that approves and controls TLD
Wired Transmission media
phone lines, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable -•With wired connections, a computer or device physically attaches via a cable or wire to a communications device --Cable Internet service -DSL (digital subscriber line) -Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)
multimedia
refers to any application that combines text with media -media includes graphics, animation, audio, video, and virtual reality
Keywords
results that include all the important words in the phrase that search engines display
Safari
s, Safari has been the default browser for macOS since 2003 and is relatively new to Windows. The browser has built-in sharing with online social networks, fast performance, parental controls, and ease of use.
Domain Name Server (DNS)
the method that the Internet uses to store domain names and their corresponding IP addresses translates the domain name to its associated IP address so that the request can be routed to the correct computer.
Cloud Storage
the practice of computer and mobile device users keeping their files on the cloud
the transmission of messages and files via a computer network -one of the original services on the internet, enabling scientists and researchers working on government-sponsored projects to communicate with collegues at other locations
Virtual Reality
the use of computers to simulate a reali imagined environment that appears as a 3-D space -VR involves the display of 3-D images that users explore and manipulate interactively In addition to games and simulations, many practical applications of VR also exist. Science educators create VR models of molecules, organisms, and other structures for students to examine. Companies use VR to showcase products or create advertisements. Architects create VR models of buildings and rooms so that clients can see how a completed construction project will look before it is built.
Blogsphere
the worldwide collection of blogs
Tethering
transforms a smartphone or internet capable tablet into a portable communications device that shares its Internet access with other computers and devices wirelessly Users may pay additional fees for mobile hot spot and tethering services. -mobile devices can be used for tethering also
Wiki
type of software that creates an interface that enables users to add or edit the content of some types of websites
email program
used to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete email messages Email programs are available as desktop apps, web apps, and mobile apps.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
used to specify the contents appearance
Online Auction
users bid on an item being sold by someone else
M-Commerce
(mobile commerce) used to identify e-commerce that takes place using mobile devices.
Types of websites
-Search engine -Online social network -Informational and research -Media sharing -Bookmarking -News, weather, sports, and other mass media •Educational •Business, governmental, and organizational •Blogs •Wiki and collaboration •Health and fitness •Science •Entertainment •Banking and finance •Travel and tourism •Mapping •Retail and auctions •Careers and employment •E-commerce •Portals •Content aggregation •Website creation and management
Popular TLDs
.biz: Businesses .com: Commercial organizations, businesses, and companies .edu: Educational institutions .gov: Government agencies .mil: Military organizations .museum: Museums and individual museum professionals .name: Individuals .net: Network providers or commercial companies .org: Nonprofit organizations .pro: Licensed professionals .technology: Technology information .travel: Entities whose primary area of activity is in the travel industry
Opporaters
1. space or + ex./ Art + Music 2. or Dog or puppy 3. () -combines search results 4. - excludes a word from research results ex./ automobile-convertible 5. "" search for an excat phrase in a certain order 6. * substitute characters in place of the asterisk
Evolution of the internet
1. started with a networking project started by the Pentagon's Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) and U.S. Department of Defense 1a) their goals were a network that allowed scientists at different physical locations to share information and work together on military and scientific projects and could function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a disaster such as a nuclear attack. 2. created a network known as ARPANET (1969) linking scientific and academic scientists across the world 3. Today: Millions of hosts connect to the internet
Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act (ACPA)
A federal statute that permits trademark owners and famous persons to recover domain names that use their names where the domain name has been registered by another person or business in bad faith.
Tag
A short descriptive label that you assign to webpages, photos, videos, blog posts, email messages, and other digital content so that it is easier locate at a later time
dongle
A small device that connects to a computer and enables additional functions when attached
ccTLD
A two-letter country code in a web address.
IP address
AKA Internet Protocol address -a sequence of numbers that uniquely identifies the location of each computer or device connected to the Internet or any other network -Internet uses two IP addressing schemes: IPv4 and IPv6 ^The original IPv4 address began dwindling in availability ^IPv6 increased the available number of IP addresses
Plug ins
AKA add-on -a program that extends capability of a browser ex./ your browser may require Adobe Reader to view and print PDF files ^can download plug-ins at no cost from various websites \\ >some plug-ins run on all types of computers and mobile devices; others have special versions for mobile devices
online discussion
AKA discussion forum -an online area in which users have writte discussions about a particular subject -to participate, a user posts a message called an article and other users reply with a message
Mobile service provider
AKA wireless data provider EX) Verizon Wireless -an ISP that offers wireless Internet access to computers and mobile devices with the necessary built in wireless capability such as wifi, wireless modems, or other communication devices to enable wireless connectivity
ARPANET
ARPANET consisted of 4 main computers at California at LA, the University of California, Stanford Research Institute, and the University of Utah 1984 ARPANET has more than 1000 individual computers linked as hosts function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a disaster
Mobile App
An application you download from a mobile device's application store or other location on the Internet to a smartphone or other mobile device.
Host
Any computer or device that provides services and connections to other computers or devices on a network -a web server is an example of a host -hosts often use high-speed communications to transfer data and messages over a network
Things Search Engines let you Search for
Audio: music, songs, recordings, and sounds' Blogs: specific opinions and ideas of others Businesses: addresses and phone numbers Images: photos, diagrams, and drawings Maps: maps of a business or address, or driving directions to a destination Publications: news articles, journals, and books Shipments: track locations of packages in transit to specific destinations Transportation: Directions, routes, and arrival and departure times Videos: home videos, music videos, television programs, and movie clips Weather: local and worldwide conditions and forecasts
Graphics Formats Used on the Web
BMP - Bitmap: Desktop backgrounds Scanned images GIF - Graphics Interchange Format: Images with few colors Simple diagrams Shapes JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group: Digital camera photos Game screenshots Movie still shots PNG - Portable Network Graphics: Comic-style drawings Line art Web graphics TIFF - Tagged Image File Format: Photos used in printing industry
Types of E-Commerce Websites
Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce consists of the sale of goods and services to the general public, such as at a shopping website. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce occurs when one consumer sells directly to another, such as in an online auction. Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce occurs when businesses provide goods and services to other businesses, such as online advertising, recruiting, credit, sales, market research, technical support, and training.
Chrome
Chrome has independent tabbed browsing; if one tab experiences a problem, the other tabs continue to function.
Social Media
Consists of content that users create and share online, such as photos, videos, music, links, blog posts, Tweets, wiki entries, podcasts, and status updates. Social media websites facilitate the creation or publishing of social media online and include media sharing sites, bookmarking sites, blogs and microblogs, wikis, podcasts, online social networks, and online gaming sites.
Tabbed browsing
Current browsers typically support - the top of the browser shows a tab (similar to a file folder tab) for each webpage you display To move from one displayed web page to another, you click the tab in the browser. Tabbed browsing allows users to have multiple home pages that automatically are displayed when the browser runs You also can organize tabs in a group, called a tab group, and save the group as a favorite, so that at any time you can display all tabs at once.
Parts of a web address
EX) https://www.nps.gov/history/preserve-places.htm Protocol: https:// Host Name: www. Domain Name: nps.gov/ Path: history/ Webpage Name: preserve-places.htm
Edge
Edge is a Microsoft browser included in the Windows operating system. It is the default browser for Windows on most devices and is not compatible with prior versions of Windows. Features include integration with Cortana and OneDrive, along with annotation and reading tools.
Streaming
Process of transferring data in a continuous and even flow which allows users to access and use a file while it is transmitting You can listen to streaming audio or watch streaming video, such as a live performance or broadcast, as it downloads to your computer, mobile device, or an Internet-connected television.
Uploading
Process of transferring documents, graphics, and other objects from a computer to a server on the Internet.
Privacy and Security Risks with Online Social Networks
Register with caution Manage your profile Choose friends carefully Limit friends Divulge only relevant information Be leery of urgent requests for help Read the privacy policy
E-commerce
Short for electronic commerce, a business transaction that occurs over an electronic network such as the Internet.
Blogger
Similar to an editorial section in a newspaper, blogs reflect the interests, opinions, and personalities of the author
Hits
Thousands to billions of search results
What are Safe Browsing Techniques
Verify the website is safe Turn off location sharing Clear browser history Never store passwords Use a phishing filter Enable a pop-up or pop-under blocker Use private browsing Use a proxy server
Popular Broadband Internet Service Technologies
WIRED Cable internet service: provides high-speed Internet access through the cable television network via a cable modem DSL: provides high-speed Internet connections through the telephone network via a DSL modem Fiber to the premises: sues fiber-optic cable to provide high-speed Internet access often via a modem WIRELESS Wi-Fi: uses radio signals to provide high-speed Internet connections to computers and devices with built-in Wi-Fi capability or a communications device that enables Wi-Fi connectivity Mobile broadband: offers high-speed Internet connections over the cellular radio network to computers and devices with built-in compatible technology (such as 3G, 4G, or 5G) or a wireless modem or other communications device Fixed wireless: provides high-speed Internet connections using a dish-shaped antenna on a building, such as a house or business, to communicate with a tower location via radio signals Satellite internet service: provides high-speed Internet connections via satellite to a satellite dish that communicates with a satellite modem
Mobile Web App
Web app that is optimized for display in a browser on a mobile device
Search Text
Word or phrase entered in a search engine's text box that describes the item you want to find. See also search query. Search text can be broad, such as spring break destinations, or more specific, such as walt disney world.
E-retail
You can purchase just about any product or service on the web
Careers and Employment
You can search the web for career information and job openings. Job search websites list thousands of openings in hundreds of fields, companies, and locations This information may include required training and education, salary data, working conditions, job descriptions, and more. In addition, many organizations advertise careers on their websites.
ICANN
^^ This nonprofit organization is an affiliate of ICANN which stands for Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. ICANN previously managed the domain names
Chat rooms
a chat is a real-time types conversation that takes place on a computer or mobile device with many other online users a chat room is a website or application that permits users to chat with other who are online at the same time A server echoes the user's message to everyone in the chat room.
email address
a combo of a user name and a domain name that identifies a user so that they can receive internet email
JPEG
a compressed graphics format that attempts to reach a balance between image quality and file size
FTP server
a computer that allows users to upload and/or download files using FTP
email list
a group of email addresses used for mass distribution of a message -you subscribe to an email list by adding your email address to a mailing list, which is stored in a list server To remove your name, you unsubscribe from the mailing list.
GPS receiver
a handheld, mountable, or embedded device that contains an antenna, a radio receiver, and a processor
Bandwidth
a measure of the capability of a network to send and receive data -a high bandwidth connection transmits more data than a low bandwidth connection during the same time period -usually megabytes or gigabytes
GPS
a navigation system that consists of one or more earth-based receivers that accept and analyze signals sent by satellites in order to determine the receiver's geographic location
PNG
a patent free compressed graphics format that restores all images details when the file is viewed -the PNG does not lose image quality during compression
Media Player
a program that allows you to view images and animations, listen to audio, and watch video files on your computer or mobile device Media players available for download include iTunes, RealPlayer, and VLC Player. You can download media players free from the web.
DNS server
a server on the Internet that usually is associated with an ISP
Thumbnail
a small version of a larger image -usually click a thumbnail to display the full size image
Domain name
a text-based name that corresponds to the IP address of the server, such as a web server that hosts a website -is part of the web address that you type in a browser's address bar to access a website -•A DNS server translates the domain name into its associated IP address
user name
a unique combo of characters, such as letters of the alphabet and/or numbers, that identifies a specific user Your user name must be different from the other user names in the same domain. In an Internet email address, an @ (pronounced at) symbol separates the user name from the domain name. Your service provider supplies the domain name. A possible email address for Rick Claremont would be [email protected],
Troll
a user who posts negative, inflammatory comments on a blog post or article with the intent of inciting other users.
graphics
a visual representation of non-text information such as a drawing chart or photo
Media Sharing Site
a website that enables members to manage and share media such as photos, videos, and music These websites are sometimes called photo sharing sites, video sharing sites, and music sharing sites, respectively. Media sharing sites, which may be free or charge a fee, provide a quick and efficient way to upload, organize, store, and download media. EX) youtube
Bookmarking Site
a website that enables members to organize, tag, and share links to media and other online content
Portal
a website that offers a variety of internet services from a single, convenient location a wireless portal is a portal designed for Internet-capable mobile devices. Most portals offer these free services: search engine; news, sports, and weather; web publishing; yellow pages; stock quotes; maps; shopping; and email and other communications services.
Hot spot
a wireless network that provides internet connections to mobile computers and devices -although most hot spots enable unrestricted or open access, some require that users agree to terms of services, obtain a password, or perform some other action in order to connect to the internet -can make wifi, or mobile hotspots
Hashtag
a word(s) preceded by a # symbol that describes or categorizes a post. Users can search for posts on a topic by searching for a hashtag.
Responsive Web Design
adapts the layout of the website to fit the screen on which it is being displayed
email marketing services
allow organizations to create campaigns, and then senf them by email to everyone whose name is on the list of distribution
Shopping Cart
allows the user to collect purchases
Microblog
allows users to publish short messages usually less than 10,000 characters, for others to read
Favorites
also called bookmarks, are links to preferred websites. When you add a website to the list of favorites, you can visit that website simply by clicking its name in a list instead of typing its web address. Favorites can be organized into folders, alphabetized, and sorted by date or how frequently you view the websites.
VoIp
enables users to speak to other users via their internet connection -VoIP uses the Internet to connect a calling party to one or more local or long-distance called parties To place an Internet phone call, you need a broadband network connection, a microphone and speaker, both of which are included with a standard computer or mobile device, and VoIP software, such as Skype. Some VoIP services require that you purchase a separate phone and VoIP router and that you subscribe to their service. Others offer certain services free and require a subscription for additional services
Megabyte (MB)
equal to approx. one million characters
Opera
second-oldest browser is free, fast, and small. Used on both computers and mobile devices, Opera must be downloaded and installed.
Infographic
short for information graphic, which is a visual representation of data or information designed to communicate quickly, simplify complex concepts, or present patterns or trends ex./ maps, signs, charts, and diagram -JPEG and PNG format is most common
Internet service provider (ISP)
sometimes called an internet access provider -is a business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee -often charge a fixed amount for internet connections, offering customers a variety of plans based on desired speeds, bandwidth, and services -may also include additional services like email and online storage
top-level domain
suffix of the domain naim identifies the type of organization associated with the domain -new TDL's are introduced to give individual's and businesses flexibility and creativity when purchasing domain names
web address
the address of the webpage If you know the web address of a webpage, you can type it in the address bar of the browser A web address consists of a protocol, domain name, and sometimes the host name, path to a specific webpage, or file name of the webpage. AKA URL
Animation
the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence ex./ tect that animates by scrolling across the screen can serve as a ticker to display stock updates, news, sports, scores, weather, etc
Netiquette
the code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the internet -the conduct expected of individuals while online
Online Banking
users can access accounts, pay bills, transfer funds, calculate mortgage payments, and manage other financial activities from their computer or mobile device users can access accounts, pay bills, transfer funds, calculate mortgage payments, and manage other financial activities from their computer or mobile device
wireless modem
uses a wireless communications technology (suh as cellular radio, satellite, or WiFi) to connect to the internet
Static Webpage
visitors all see the same content each time they view the webpage
Content Aggregation
website or web app, sometimes called a curation website, allows users to collect and compile content from a variety of websites about a particular topic or theme Types of content that may be compiled includes news, reviews, images, videos, podcasts (discussed later in this module), and blogs. Content aggregation websites save users time because they need to visit only one website (the content aggregation website) instead of visiting multiple websites to obtain information.
Catfishing
when someone creates a fake online social network or online dating profile and forms relationships with unsuspecting users
Electrical Storefront
which contains product descriptions, images, and a shopping cart
Http
which stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, is a set of rules that defines how webpages transfer on the Internet.
Real Time
you and the people with whom you are conversing are online at the same time For real-time Internet messaging to work, both parties must be online at the same time. Also, the receiver of a message must be willing to accept messages.
HTML
•(Hypertext Markup Language) is a set of symbols that developers use to specify the headings, paragraphs, images, links, and other content elements that a webpage contains
Browser
•A browser is an application that enables users with an Internet connection to access and view webpages on a computer or mobile device -Internet-capable mobile devices such as smartphones use a special type of browser, called a mobile browser ie: Chrome
web app
•an application stored on a web server that you access through a browser -Web apps usually store users' data and information on their hosts' servers -ie cloud storage
World Wide Web (WWW)
•or web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents (webpages) •A website is a collection of related webpages and associated items •A web server is a computer that delivers requested webpages to your computer or mobile device
Search Engine
•software that finds websites, webpages, images, videos, news, maps, and other information related to a specific topic •A subject directory classifies webpages in an organized set of categories, such as sports or shopping, and related subcategories Thousands of search engines are available. Some search engines, such as Bing, Google, and Yahoo!, are helpful in locating information on the web for which you do not know an exact web address or are not seeking a specific website.
Homepage
•the first page that a website displays a website's home page provides information about its purpose and content. Many websites allow you to personalize the home page so that it contains areas of interest to you.
