Module 2- History of Management

Which of the following represent production innovations during the Industrial Revolution? (Select all that apply.)

Harnessing electricity to extend work hours Speeding up the manufacturing process with the assembly line

Changes in the behavior of someone that occur solely as a function of the individual's awareness of being observed by others characterize the ______ Effect.

Hawthorne

Hawthorne study: Workers behave differently when someone is paying attention to them.

Illumination experiments

Which of the following statements are accurate regarding Weber's contributions to organizational studies? (Select all that apply.)

Orientation toward more efficient operations Emphasis on more stability and reliability for employees and supervisors

The idea that we can improve organizations from the top down by improving the quality of management functions is a key principle of the ______ perspective.

administrative and bureaucratic

Key principles of the administrative and bureaucratic perspective include ______.

allocating authority and figuring out the division of labor

Theories of management which suggest that the effectiveness of a managerial policy, practice, or behavior depends on factors such as the work being done are known as ______ theories

contingency

One advantage of the factory model compared to the domestic system of production was a decrease in ______.

production time and the cost per unit

The systematic process of managing a work-related project from its inception to conclusion is known as ______.

project management

Weber's contributions to organizational studies included the belief that ______.

roles should be clear so that there is less confusion

Munsterberg's work used ______ to study ______.

scholarly approaches; the effect of individual differences at work

Management science aims to use statistical and mathematical models in order to ______ in organizations.

improve decision making

One way the inventions of the Industrial Revolution altered business organizations was by ______.

increasing organizations' reliance on technology

The systems perspective might argue that the organizations that survive over time are those that are able to ______.

self-regulate

The domestic system of production is defined as a ______.

system of small-scale production where work is done by hand, often by family members in their own homes, or in local workrooms

Hawthorne study: Employees value cooperation and participation at work.

Relay assembly room study

Which of the following represent transportation innovations during the Industrial Revolution? (Select all that apply.)

Relying on airplanes to ship products and people to distant locations more quickly Using automobiles to commute to work from farther distances Relying on the U.S. railroad system to broaden customer bases and increase sales Shipping products to distant locations, using steam technology

Human capital

Specialized employee knowledge

Which of the following represent contemporary approaches to management?

TQM System perspective Contingency perspective Knowledge management (KM)

Which statements regarding total quality management (TQM) are accurate? (Select all that apply.)

TQM emphasizes quality throughout the entire process of production. TQM blends parts of administrative theory, scientific management, and behavioral perspectives.

Which of the following are important innovations of the industrial revolution? (Select all that apply.)

Telegraph Airplane Telephone

Scientific Management

Took a bottom-up approach Centered on how work was don

Administrative management

Took a top-down approach Focused on structure and quality of management functions Sought to improve the quality of management functions

What are Weber's primary types of authority in organizations?

Traditional, charismatic, rational-legal

Which of these are reasons management history remains relevant today? (Select all that apply.)

Understanding management thought and development allows us to better anticipate future events. Knowing how past leaders and managers dealt with similar situations gives us more ideas for dealing with current and future events.

One disadvantage of the factory model over the domestic system of production was ______.

a lack of oversight and regulation related to employee safety and working conditions

Management science can be described as ______.

a way of improving organizational decision making through the use of sophisticated mathematical and statistical models

Weber's approach emphasized ______.

clear roles and more well-equipped supervision

Follet's contributions to behavioral perspectives included the ______.

focus on the interaction of management and workers in organizational settings

Knowledge management may involve ______. (Select all that apply.)

gathering, organizing, and sharing information inside and outside the organization managing human, social, and organizational capital

Studies of relay assembly rooms and bank wiring rooms increased our understanding of the amount of influence ______ have on workers' behavior.

group members

Project management is defined as ______.

the systematic process of managing a work-related project from its inception to conclusion

The basic premise of Theory X/Theory Y is that ______.

there are two broad assumptions regarding what motivates people at work

Which of the following statements accurately describes the systems approach to management?

A management perspective that considers the organization's environment as an important influence on the firm's decisions

Which of the following statements accurately describes total quality management (TQM)?

A management philosophy focused on maximizing quality throughout the entire organization

Which of the following are characteristics of rational-legal authority? (Select all that apply.)

Administrative acts, decisions, and rules are formulated and recorded in writing, even in cases where oral discussion is the rule or is even mandatory. Incumbents cannot use their office positions for personal gain. Members of the administrative staff should be completely separated from ownership of the means of production or administration. Officials should not be owners of company property. Continuous organization of official functions bound by rules Organization of offices follows the principle of hierarchy; that is, each lower office is under the control and supervision of a higher one. Specified sphere of competence based on the principles of division of labor, allocation of authority, and enforcements for role performance Rules that regulate the conduct of an office may be technical rules or norms, with specialized training required for those in their roles.

A belief that organizations can be improved through a focus on either the quality of the management function or the design of work tools and tasks describes the primary difference between which two management perspectives?

Administrative and bureaucratic; scientific

Knowledge Management (KM)

Advocates for leveraging information and intellectual capital in organizations Can be seen broadly as managing the human, social, and organizational capital in the firm

Human relations perspective

Aimed to improve organizations by better understanding the workers Acknowledged the complexity of human relationships in organizations

Hawthorne study: Work group pressures affect individual worker productivity.

Bank wiring room study

The introduction of electricity into organizations had which of the following positive effects?

Better workplace safety improved their productive capabilities The ability to operate for longer hours

TQM

Combines parts of scientific management, administrative theory, and behavioral perspectives Seeks to maximize quality throughout the whole organizational system

Organizational capital

Databases, patents, and routines

Helping organizations to realize a TQM approach successfully was the purpose behind ______.

Deming's 14 principles

List the principles of management as defined by Henri Fayol

Division of labor Authority Discipline Unit of command Unity of direction Subordination of individual interests to the general interest Remuneration of personnel Centralization Scalar Chain Order Equity Stability of tenure of personnel Initiative Esprit de corps

Select all of the accurate statements about McGregor's Theory X and Y.

How managers treat and motivate their workers depends upon the managers' preset views of their employees' work habits. Managers with a Theory Y view of workers believe that workers find purpose in their jobs, view work as an important part of their existence, and enjoy their tasks. Managers with a Theory X view of workers believe that workers dislike and avoid work at all costs and must be coerced into doing it.

Which of the following are important innovations of the industrial revolution? (Select all that apply.)

Incandescent light bulb Model T Ford assembly line

Select all of the reasons it is important to continue to study management history. (Select all that apply.)

Knowledge of an organization's history gives us the context necessary to understand why certain rules exist. Studying history helps us learn from failures and recreate successes.

social capital

Knowledge shared by organizational groups

Which of the following statements best describes knowledge management?

Managers' endeavors to capitalize on what employees know, rather than what they can physically do

Which of the following accurately lists the parts of the Juran Trilogy?

Quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement

Which of the following are some of Taylor's principles of scientific management? (Select all that apply.)

Scientific selection and then the progressive development of workers Dividing work into two great divisions Bringing together the science and the scientifically selected and trained workers Development of a science to replace the old "one best way" knowledge of workers

Consistent with the human relations perspective, McGregor believed that ______.

Theory Y was superior to Theory X

The Hawthorne Studies included the ______. (Select all that apply.)

bank wiring room study relay assembly room study illumination experiments

Follet advocated for the need to understand the role of ______ in navigating dynamic organizational challenges.

coordination, participation, and leadership

A manager using a contingency perspective would most likely ______.

employ different motivational strategies for different employees

Munsterberg affected behavioral perspectives through the use of ______.

experimental psychology to study workplace variables

The purpose behind Deming's 14 principles was to ______.

help organizations realize a TQM approach

The human relations movement focused on ______.

how people actually work and behave within organizations

The human relations movement studied ______.

how work was really done

The term ______ capital is used in reference to individuals, while ______ capital is used in reference to teams.

human; social

One of Taylor's famous studies looked at workers shoveling small blocks of crude iron (which had been produced from the smelting process) in order to ______.

identify the optimal shovel and shoveling method that could be used for all workers

Studies such as the bank wiring room study and the relay assembly room study highlighted the influence of ______ in the workplace.

informal groups

The ______ approach to management focuses on managing the firm's various types of capital; while the ______ approach to management focuses on organizational adaptability.

knowledge management; systems

Contingency perspectives advocate for ______.

matching situations with appropriate management principles

Something unique about the Gilbreths' studies was the use of ______ to record the time for each operation, break jobs into different parts, and identify the most efficient approach to a work task.

micro-motion photographs

Behavioral perspectives were changed after Munsterberg's work laid the groundwork for the use of ______.

more scientific logic to understand organizational behavior

A system of small-scale production where work is done by hand, often by family members in their own homes, or in local workrooms, is known as ______.

the domestic system of production

Contingency theories can be defined as management theories which suggest that ______.

the effectiveness of a managerial policy, practice, or behavior depends on factors such as the work being done

While the administrative perspective focuses on improving the organization through management principles and structure, the human relations perspective suggests these improvements should be made by ______.

understanding why the people inside the organization behave as they do at work