Module 2 quiz Fluid...
Which of the following questions about fluid balance would be appropriate when conducting a health history for a patient?
A) "Describe your usual urination habits."
A nurse monitoring the intake and output of fluids for a patient with severe diarrhea knows that normally how many mL of body fluids is lost via the gastrointestinal tract?
A) 300 mL
Which of the following descriptions best summarizes fluid homeostasis?
A) Almost every body organ and system helps maintain homeostasis
A physician writes an order to "force fluids." What will be the first action the nurse will take in implementing this order?
A) Explain to the patient why this is needed.
A nurse explains the homeostatic mechanisms involved in fluid homeostasis to a student nurse. Which of the following statements accurately describe this process? Select all that apply.
A) The kidneys selectively retain electrolytes and water and excrete wastes and excesses according to the body's needs. B) The cardiovascular system is responsible for pumping and carrying nutrients and water throughout the body. D) The lungs regulate oxygen and carbon dioxide levels of the blood, which is especially crucial in maintaining acid-base balance. F) The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, which regulates the level of calcium and phosphorus.
Which of the following patients would be the most likely candidate for the administration of total parenteral nutrition?
A) a patient with severe pancreatitis
Cross-matching of blood is ordered for a patient before major surgery. What does this process do?
A) determines compatibility between blood specimens
A nurse is administering a potassium supplement to a patient. What will the nurse do to disguise the taste and decrease gastric irritation?
A) dilute it
Based on knowledge of total body fluids, a nurse is especially watchful for a fluid volume deficit in an infant. Why would the nurse do this?
B) Infants have more total body fluid and ECF than adults.
A patient is taking a diuretic that increases her urinary output. What would be an appropriate nursing diagnosis on which to base a teaching plan?
B) Risk for Deficient Fluid Volume
A home care patient is complaining of weakness and leg cramps. Per order, the nurse draws blood and requests a potassium level. What is the rationale for this request?
B) The nurse recognizes these symptoms of hypokalemia.
A patient scheduled for surgery has arranged for an autologous transfusion. What type of blood transfusion is this?
B) The patient donates his or her own blood.
Which body fluid is the fluid within the cells, constituting about 70% of the total body water?
B) intracellular fluid (ICF)
A nurse is initiating a peripheral venous access IV infusion ordered for a patient presurgically. In what position would the nurse place the patient to perform this skill?
B) low Fowler's
The student nurse studying fluid and electrolyte balance learns that which of the following is a function of water? Select all that apply.
B) provide a medium for transporting substances throughout the body C) facilitate cellular metabolism and proper cellular chemical functioning E) help maintain normal body temperature F) facilitate digestion and promote elimination
A nurse measures a patient's 24-hour fluid intake and documents the findings. To be an accurate indicator of fluid status, what must the nurse also do with the information?
C) Compare the total intake and output of fluids for the 24 hours.
A woman has had her left breast removed for cancer. She also had an axillary node dissection on the left during surgery. How would this affect placement of an intravenous line?
C) The left arm should not be used.
A patient's PaCO2 is abnormal on an ABG report. Which of the following illnesses would most likely be the medical diagnosis?
C) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
A nurse reads a complete blood count report for a patient who has been admitted to the hospital with fluid overload from late-stage kidney disease. What abnormal result would the nurse expect to find?
C) decreased hematocrit
By what route do oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lung?
C) diffusion
A patient has metabolic (nonrespiratory) acidosis. What type of respirations would be assessed?
C) increased depth and rate
Which of the following locations might the nurse use to assess the condition of an insertion site for a central venous access device?
C) over the jugular vein
A patient asks a nurse if it is possible to contract a disease by donating blood. How would the nurse respond?
D) "There is no way you can contract a disease by giving blood."
What is the average adult fluid intake and loss in each 24 hours?
D) 1,500 to 3500 mL
A patient is having a blood transfusion, but the fluid is dripping very slowly. The blood has been infusing for more than 4 hours. What should the nurse do next?
D) Discontinue the blood transfusion.
A nurse reads the laboratory report for a patient and notes that the patient has hyponatremia. What physical assessment would be made?
D) Palpate skin of sternum.
A specially trained nurse has inserted a PICC line. What would be done next?
D) Send the patient to the radiology department.
A student is learning how to administer intravenous fluids, including accessing a vein. Although all of the following may occur, which is the most potentially harmful risk posed for the patient when accessing the vein?
D) infection
A patient has an order to restrict fluids. What is one comfort measure nurses can implement for this patient to alleviate a common problem?
D) oral hygiene
A patient has a decreased potassium level. What high-potassium foods would the nurse teach the patient to eat?
D) oranges, bananas, broccoli