Module 2, Section 3, 4, and WC

Data Privacy includes...

- Protection from unauthorized access - Freedom from inappropriate use of data - The right to inspect, update, or correct our data - Ability to give consent to use our data

Aspects of data ethics

- ownership - transaction transparency - consent - currency - privacy - openness

Openness

Free access, usage, and sharing of data

GDPR

General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union

What is open data?

In data analytics, open data is part of data ethics, which has to do with using data ethically. Openness refers to free access, usage, and sharing of data. But for data to be considered open, it has to: - Be available and accessible to the public as a complete dataset - Be provided under terms that allow it to be reused and redistributed - Allow universal participation so that anyone can use, reuse, and redistribute the data

Privacy

Preserving a data subject's information and activity anytime a data transaction occurs.

Ethics

Well-founded standards of right and wrong prescribe what humans ought to do, usually in terms of rights,term-1 obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues.

Data ethics

Well-founded standards of right and wrong that dictate how data is collected, shared, and used

A data team at a nature preserve wants to draw conclusions about the presence and abundance of the bird species on the preserve. Their team's naturalists collect this data, but for funding reasons the most recent data they have is from five years ago. Which aspect of good data are they missing? a) Comprehensive b) Current c) Cited d) Original

b)

A government agency allows any business, nonprofit, or citizen to access its databases and reuse or redistribute the data. What type of data is described in this scenario? a) Allowable b) Open c) Closed d) Free

b)

An apartment complex manager wants to protect the personally identifiable information of renters, such as their email addresses and telephone numbers. They ask their data team to anonymize the data. What techniques might be used to achieve this goal? Select all that apply. a) Deleting b) Masking c) Hashing d)Blanking

b) and c)

What are the key aspects of universal participation? Select all that apply. a)Certain groups of people must share their private data. b) No one can restrict data to discriminate against a person or group. c) Everyone must be able to use, reuse, and redistribute open data. d) All corporations are allowed to sell open data.

b) and c)

What are the main benefits of open data? Select all that apply. a) Increases the amount of data available for purchase b) Good data is more widely available c) Combines data from different fields of knowledge d) Restricts data access to certain groups of people

b) and c)

Fill in the blank: Openness refers to _____ access, usage, and sharing of data. a) protected b) disclosed c) free d) limited

c

The open data debate: What data should be publicly available?

- Third-party data is collected by an entity that doesn't have a direct relationship with the data. You might remember learning about this type of data earlier. For example, third parties might collect information about visitors to a certain website. Doing this lets these third parties create audience profiles, which helps them better understand user behavior and target them with more effective advertising. - Personal identifiable information (PII) is data that is reasonably likely to identify a person and make information known about them. It is important to keep this data safe. PII can include a person's address, credit card information, social security number, medical records, and more.

Transaction Transparency

All data-processing activities and algorithms should be completely explainable and understood by the individual who provides their data.

Consent

An individual's right to know explicit details about how and why their data will be used before agreeing to provide it.

Before completing a survey, an individual acknowledges reading information about how and why the data they provide will be used. What is this concept called? a) Privacy b) Currency c) Consent d) Discretion

Consent

Ownership

Individuals own the raw data they provide and they have primary control over its usage, how it's processed, and how it's shared.

Currency

Individuals should be aware of financials transactions resulting from the use of their personal data and the scale of these transactions

A data analyst removes personally identifying information from a dataset. What task are they performing? a)Data anonymization b) Data sorting c) Data collection d) Data visualizatio

a

A company collects data on its website's visitors but does not tell visitors how long their data will be stored. Which aspect of data ethics is this company violating? a) Consent b) Transaction transparency c) Privacy d) Currency

a)

An engineer and a product manager are working together to design a new application, which receives unclear user ratings. The engineer decides the ambiguous feedback is just a case of users being unfamiliar with the app and interprets it as being neutral, whereas the product manager interprets the feedback as being negative. What type of bias does this represent? a) Interpretation b) Observer c) Sampling d) Confirmation

a)

An individual logs into their bank account and notices that their phone number is incorrect. They contact the bank to update their phone number. Which element of data privacy are they using? a) The right to inspect, update, or correct their own data b) Protection from unauthorized access to their private data c) Freedom from inappropriate use of their data d) Ability to give consent to use their data

a)

Fill in the blank: The data ethics principle of transaction transparency states that an individual has the right to understand all of the _____ and algorithms used on their data. a) data-processing activities b) financial transactions c) free access d) raw data

a)

What are data ethics? a) Long-standing techniques for confirming that data is always used to benefit society b) Well-founded standards of right and wrong that dictate how data is collected, shared, and used c) Approved strategies data professionals use to safeguard the privacy and security of a dataset d) Established methods for ensuring data is clean, well-organized, and appropriate for a project

b

What concept states that all data-processing activities and algorithms should be completely explainable and understood by the individual who provides their data? a) Currency b) Transaction transparency c) Privacy d) Ownership

b

What is the preferred method for making open data available? a) A print copy that anyone easily shares b) A secure password-protected file c) A convenient and modifiable internet download d) A compressed file format that keeps the file size small

c

A recreation department asks people to respond to a survey about the customer experience in city parks. The survey is only accessible to people who have access to the internet. What type of bias does this scenario describe? a) Interpretation b) Observer c) Confirmation d) Sampling

d)

Data anonymization is a common practice used to protect sensitive information. Which of the following types of data should always be anonymized before analysis? a) Customer purchase history with categories. b) Hair color and age of participants. c) Website data without usernames. d) Social security numbers and medical records

d)

Which data ethics principle gives an individual the right to know why their data is collected and how long it will be stored? a) Anonymization b) Credibility c) Privacy d) Consent

d)