Module 4

In the year 2012, approximately _______ had two or more chronic illnesses or health problems.

25%

About __________ of strokes are ischemic strokes.

85%

Which of the following are risk factors for type 2 diabetes? (Select all that apply.)

high blood pressure abnormal cholesterol and triglyceride levels

Asthma triggers are different from person to person and can include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Cold air Respiratory infections, such as the common cold stress and strong emotions Airborne substances, such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander, or pollution

People with type 1 diabetes must take _____________ several times a day to keep their blood sugar levels under control.

insulin

Based on a survey conducted in 2011, approximately ________ of the adults and _______ of the adolescents who were surveyed said that they did not eat at least one serving of fruit each day.

23% / 38% 38% / 36%

Each day, more than ________ people who are under age 18 smoke their first cigarette, and an additional 2,100 people who had smoked just occasionally begin smoking regularly and every day.

3,200

In the year 2010, chronic diseases caused approximately 70% of all deaths in the United States, and heart disease and cancer (when the totals are added together) caused almost ________ of all deaths in the United States.

48%

Type 1 diabetes affects about ________ of people in the United States with diabetes.

5%

In the year 2012, nearly _______ of all adults in the United States (around 117 million people) had at least one chronic illness or health problem.

50%

Approximately ________ of all deaths in the United States are the result of chronic diseases (such as cancer and heart disease), and nearly half of all adults have at least one chronic illness (many of which are preventable).

70%

Which of the following are common allergens? (Select all that apply.)

Latex Drugs Cockroaches Mold

Drinking too much alcohol contributes to around ____________ deaths every year, and more than half of those deaths are caused by binge drinking (which is drinking several alcoholic beverages in a short period of time). In the United States, around 38 million adults say that they binge drink, on average, four times a month. Those binge drinkers say that they have, on average, eight drinks in a single sitting. Despite these facts, most binge drinkers are not alcoholics or otherwise dependent on alcohol.

88,000

Type 2 diabetes is usually treated with _____________________, _______________________, and ___________________. (Select three.)

insulin oral medications (pills) lifestyle changes

In type 2 diabetes, the body does not use insulin properly. This is called ________________________.

insulin resistance

What is generally considered the most important step in preventing allergic reactions and reducing symptoms?

Allergen avoidance

________________ occur when your immune system reacts to something that does not cause a reaction to most other people. For example, most people are able to eat peanuts, eggs, and other foods, but others can have severe reactions to those foods.

Allergies

___________________ is when the heart beats too slowly, too fast, or in an irregular way.

Arrhythmia

______________ is a condition in which your airway (the flow of air into and out of your lungs) swells and gets narrow, and extra mucus is often produced. When that happens, it becomes hard to breathe, and that is often followed by coughing and wheezing along with a feeling of being short of breath.

Asthma

There are several factors that are thought to increase your chances of developing asthma. Which of the following are some of those factors? (Select all that apply.)

Being a smoker Being overweight Being underweight Having a close blood relative (sibling, parent, etc.) who has asthma

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of asthma? (Select all that apply.)

Coughing or wheezing attacks that are worsened by a respiratory virus, such as a cold or the flu Chest tightness or pain Shortness of breath A whistling or wheezing sound when exhaling Trouble sleeping, which is often caused by shortness of breath, coughing, or wheezing

________________ diabetes develops during pregnancy. Like other types of diabetes, it diabetes affects how your cells use sugar (glucose). It also causes high blood sugar that can affect pregnancy and the unborn baby's health.

Gestational

Health promotion is important for several reasons, including which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Health promotion focuses on and helps to make sure people are healthy, and that impacts not only the individual, it affects everyone else in his or her family and society in general Health promotion reduces premature deaths. By focusing on preventing health problems and illnesses, medical costs are reduced The quality of life is improved through health promotion

_________________________ is developing individual, group, institutional, community, and systemic strategies to improve health knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behavior.

Health promotion`

Which of the following are ways you can reduce your risk of having a stroke? (Select all that apply.)

If you are a smoker, stop smoking. Reduce the amount of alcohol you drink. Control your blood pressure.

When you eat, your body breaks food down into glucose and sends it into the blood. ____________ then helps move the glucose from the blood into your cells.

Insulin

Which of the following are ways you can reduce your risk of having a stroke? (Select all that apply.)

Maintain a healthy weight. If you have diabetes, control your blood sugar level. Get regular physical activity. Control your cholesterol levels.

Which of the following are possible complications of diabetes? (Select all that apply.)

Skin conditions Foot damage Hearing impairment Alzheimer's disease

List 5 of your personal risk factors for heart disease, and explain why they could lead to heart disease.

Your Answer: Being around smokers and drinkers, lack of exercise, poor diet, and being underweight.

List 5 risk factors for diabetes.

Your Answer: Family history, geography, genetics, age and being born having jaundice.

List 5 risk factors for a stroke and 5 symptoms of a stroke.

Your Answer: being overweight, being obese, binge drinking alcohol, high cholesterol, or have uncontrollable diabetes are all risk factors of a stroke.Numbness of the face, weakness of body parts, slurred speech, loss of vision, and extreme headaches are all symptoms of heart attacks.

List 5 risk factors for type 2 diabetes and indicate if this is a personal risk or not a personal risk.

Your Answer: personal family history, physical inactivity, age, abnormal cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, polycystic ovary syndrome.

Which of the following behaviors increase the risk of developing diseases and chronic conditions? (Select all that apply.)

alcohol and substance use tobacco use behaviors that results in injury and violence

In a normal, healthy individual, the immune system produces _____________, which are produced to protect the body from certain chemicals and foreign substances that enter the body. In someone who has allergies, the immune system will see the allergen (such as peanuts, latex, etc.) as something that is harmful, and it will produce _______________ to defend against those allergens, and that will result in an allergic reaction. (Note: The same word is used in both blanks.)

antibodies

Your risk of having a stroke is higher if you ________________________________. (Select all that apply.)

are overweight or obese have uncontrolled diabetes have high cholesterol level use illegal drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamines smoke or are exposed to secondhand smoke

Which of the following physical conditions and lifestyle choices increase the risk of developing heart disease? (Select all that apply.)

being underweight not being physically active excessive alcohol use poor diet diabetes being overweight being obese

The most common type of heart disease in the United States is __________.

coronary artery disease

____________________________ is caused by plaque buildup in the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart (called coronary arteries) and other parts of the body.

coronary artery disease

There are four health risk behaviors that cause more suffering, illness, and premature death (related to a chronic illness). Which of the following are those four health risk behaviors? (Select four)

drinking too much alcohol tobacco use getting too much sleep poor nutrition

Expectant moms can help control gestational diabetes by ___________________, _________________ and, if prescribed and necessary, _____________________. (Select three.)

eating healthy foods taking medication exercising

A/an ___________ stroke is caused by a blood clot or other debris that forms in veins or arteries leading away from the brain. The blood clot commonly affects the heart or is in a vein or artery leading to the heart.

embolic

Given for severe allergic reactions, an ______________ can reduce symptoms until you get emergency treatment.

epinephrine shot

Which of the following are risk factors for type 2 diabetes? (Select all that apply.)

ethnic background history of hyperglycemia, prediabetes, and/or gestational diabetes overweight and obesity family history physical inactivity

__________________________ is often caused by CAD, and it happens when one or more parts of the heart muscle does not get enough blood because of the blockage (caused by CAD). When that happens, the heart is damaged so severely that part of the heart (a muscle) dies.

heart attack

In the United States, what is the leading cause of death among people from most ethnic backgrounds (Caucasian, African-American, Hispanic)?

heart disease

A/an ________________ stroke happens when there is a hemorrhage (breaks open and/or leaks blood) in a blood vessel in the brain. occurs if an artery in the brain leaks blood or ruptures (breaks open). The blood that leaks causes pressure to build up, and that pressure causes damage to the brain cells.

hemorrhagic

Which of the following are key risk factors for heart disease? (Select all that apply.)

high blood pressure smoking high LDL cholesterol levels

In a(n) _________________________________, one of the blood vessels in the brain ruptures or breaks open and blood enters the brain tissue in the area of the rupture. The blood causes damage to the brain cells it contacts. In addition to the damage to the brain cells near the rupture, the rupture will cause other areas of the brain to not get enough blood, and that lack of blood can damage those brain cells.

intracerebral hemorrhage

A/an ____________ stroke occurs if an artery that supplies blood to the brain becomes blocked. Blood clots often cause the blockages that lead to this type of stroke.

ischemic

What is another name for is a transient ischemic attack?

mini-stroke

Type 1 diabetes is ___________________________ than type 2 diabetes.

much less common

What is another name for a heart attack?

myocardial infarction

Any woman can develop gestational diabetes, but some women are at greater risk. Risk factors for gestational diabetes include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

non-white ethnic background family or personal history being overweight or obese age greater than 25

An allergic reaction typically triggers symptoms in the _________, __________, __________, __________, __________, intestines, stomach, or on the skin. (Select five.)

nose sinuses ears lungs throat

It is estimated that ____________ decreases productivity because of missed work (due to chronic illness, etc.), and the decrease in productivity makes products more expensive because other employees are paid overtime to make up for the hours that are not worked when someone else misses work.

obesity

In the United States, someone dies from a heart disease every ___________.

one minute

Nearly _____________ of all children (those under age 18) are overweight or obese, and being overweight or obese increases the risk of chronic illness and disease.

one-third

Which of the following behaviors increase the risk of developing diseases and chronic conditions? (Select all that apply.)

sexual behavior that causes unintended pregnancy and disease sedentary lifestyle dietary and hygienic practices that cause disease

A(n) _________happens when the blood flow to the brain is blocked, and that blockage prevents oxygen from getting to the brain.

stroke

In _____________ diabetes, the immune system does not function properly, and it destroys cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. This means that the pancreas will not make the insulin it needs (or enough insulin) to break down the foods eaten.

type 1

Which of the following are risk factors for type 1 diabetes? (Select all that apply.)

where you live genetics family history age - being younger