Module 4
Which subdivisions of larger communities are used for data collection and population assessment but may not be apparent to their residents? A. Census tracts B. Neighborhoods C. Voting precincts D. Geopolitical boundaries
Answer: A. Census tracts
A veteran is asking the nurse how posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is diagnosed. What symptoms are central for most people suffering from PTSD? Select all that apply. A. Depression B. Hallucinations C. Sleep disturbances D. Persistent thoughts E. Frightening memories
Answer: A. Depression C. Sleep disturbances D. Persistent thoughts E. Frightening memories
A female veteran is showing signs of clinical depression. She feels especially alone because, as a soldier, she feels she "should be tougher." What response from the nurse is most sensitive to this veteran's needs?
Answer: A. Depression is common among all veterans
When caring for the male population, what precursor of death is often unaddressed and is important for the community health nurse to understand? A. Diabetes Mellitus B. Infectious disease C. Alzheimer disease D. Respiratory disease
Answer: A. Diabetes Mellitus
A community health nurse is working with a family of a child with an intellectual disability to promote appropriate use of asthma medication. The nurse discusses side effects and the purpose of the medication and demonstrates use of the inhaler to the patient and family. What role is the community health nurse fulfilling? A. Educator B. Advocate C. Counselor D. Referral agent
Answer: A. Educator
Nurses recognize the primary goals of the "Go Red for Women" health initiative as what? Select all that apply. A. Encouraging heart disease research B. Encouraging learning about heart disease C. Demonstrating heart-healthy meal planning D. Learning the symptoms of heart attack and stroke E. Living better if heart disease has already been diagnosed
Answer: A. Encouraging heart disease research B. Encouraging learning about heart disease D. Learning the symptoms of heart attack and stroke E. Living better if heart disease has already been diagnosed
When considering the housing needs of rural dwellers, which risk factors contribute to increased poverty rate? Select all that apply. A. Income B. Gender C. Education D. Health behaviors E. Sexual orientation
Answer: A. Income B. Gender C. Education D. Health behaviors
A community health nurse is aware that which factors contribute to homelessness? Select all that apply. A. Income insufficiency B. Surplus of affordable housing C. Surplus of supportive services D. Scarcity of supportive services E. Shortage of affordable housing
Answer: A. Income insufficiency D. Scarcity of supportive services E. Shortage of affordable housing
The women's health nurses from a local hospital teach preconception and interconception classes to identify maternal health risks that can prevent future health problems. Which risk factors do the nurses discuss with the class participants? Select all that apply. A. Obesity B. Diabetes C. Depression D. Birth control E. STD's
Answer: A. Obesity B. Diabetes C. Depression E. STD's
A nurse is planning a community assessment to identify needs in a neighborhood in which the nurse has recently started working. The nurse knows that it is important to consider primary and secondary sources of data. What will be the nurse's primary sources of data? Select all that apply. A. Observing a town hall meeting B. Attending the community's annual fall festival C. Consulting census reports for the community's zip code D. Researching the community's health rankings over the past 5 years E. Holding a meeting with the neighborhood improvement association
Answer: A. Observing a town hall meeting B. Attending the community's annual fall festival E. Holding a meeting with the neighborhood improvement association
A nurse educator is providing a seminar to school nurses about risk factors to asses in children to detect psychosocial concerns. Which factors should the nurse educator include? Select all that apply. A. Poverty B. Substance use C. Difficulty reading D. Single-parent homes E. Racial/ethnic disparities
Answer: A. Poverty B. Substance use E. Racial/ethnic disparities
Which element is a priority for the nurse coordinating care for a victim of violence? A. Safety B. Pain management C. Cost-effective care D. Care close to home
Answer: A. Safety
Which are the most important interventions utilized by mental health nurse coordinators to improve the patient's health and well-being by promoting independence and self-care in the least restrictive environment? Select all that apply. A. Smoking cessation counseling B. Teaching about sleep promotion C. Conducting mental health screenings D. Relaxation techniques to reduce stress E. Demonstrating how to fill a medication box
Answer: A. Smoking cessation counseling B. Teaching about sleep promotion D. Relaxation techniques to reduce stress E. Demonstrating how to fill a medication box
While assessing a female patient's mental health, the nurse expects that a patient with anxiety may report which symptoms? Select all that apply.
Answer: A. Sweating B. Intense fear C. Racing heart E. Feelings of dread
Demographically, what is true of rural settings when compared to urban settings? A. There are more residents under the age of 18 and over the age of 65. B. There are fewer residents under the age of 18 and over the age of 65 C. There are more residents under the age of 18 and fewer over the age of 65. D. There are fewer residents under the age of 18 and more over the age of 65.
Answer: A. There are more residents under the age of 18 and over the age of 65.
According to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, a disability is defined by the extent to which it limits a person's ability to carry out major life activities. Which are considered major life activities? Select all that apply. A. Working B. Learning C. Speaking D. Breathing E. Caring for pets F. Caring for oneself
Answer: A. Working B. Learning C. Speaking D. Breathing F. Caring for oneself
When did the role of ambulatory nursing focusing on outpatient care of the patient begin? A. 1960s B. 1970s C. 1980s D. 1990s
Answer: B. 1970s
Approximately what percent of migrant farmworker families live below federal poverty limits? A. 10% B. 25% C. 50% D. 75%
Answer: B. 25%
What is the goal for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) according to Healthy People 2020 initiatives?
Answer: B. Enroll in special services earlier
A nurse is part of a long-term care team implementing the transitional care model. Which action demonstrates promoting continuity in the transitional care model? A. Identifying the patient's priority risk factors and symptoms B. Ensuring the same clinician is involved across each site of care C. Promoting communication and connection between healthcare practitioners D. Preparing the older adults and family caregivers to identify worsening symptoms
Answer: B. Ensuring the same clinician is involved across each site of care
When caring for a patient with a disability, it is important for the nurse to know how long the patient has had the disability in order to provide the patient with the most appropriate care. A patient with a history of cerebral palsy for 20 years is seeking care from a community agency. Which statement by the nurse correctly addresses this patient? A. I have some information about cerebral palsy to show you B. I would like to know your goals for treatment for cerebral palsy C. I have many brochure detailing governmental resources available D. Let me show you some exercises I can help you with to increase your strength
Answer: B. I would like to know your goals for treatment for cerebral palsy
Which policy intervention solutions to racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare does the Institute of Medicine (IOM) suggest?
Answer: B. Increase the proportion of underrepresented racial and ethnic minorities among health professionals in the United States.
A public health nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of initiatives in the community for people with disabilities. Which finding meets a Healthy People 2020 objective that pertains to people with disabilities? A. Increased number of older adults with disabilities who use multiple medications B. Increased number of people with disabilities participating in community activities as they wish C. Increased number of barriers reported by people with disabilities to participating in school activities D. Increased number of youth with special healthcare needs with a designated primary healthcare
Answer: B. Increased number of people with disabilities participating in community activities as they wish
Which strategy will help a nurse build trust with a teen patient? A. Ongoing assessment to gauge the teen's comfort with the situation B. Informing the teen of the plan of care at the end of the assessment C. Speaking directly with the parents when it comes to important health matters D. Requiring that parents stay in the room with the teen for moral support
Answer: B. Informing the teen of the plan of care at the end of the assessment
How can public health nurses address the issue of emerging infections resulting from drug-resistant organisms? Select all that apply. A. Initiating research B. Providing education C. Building partnerships D. Reporting prescribers E. Implementing surveillance
Answer: B. Providing education C. Building partnerships E. Implementing surveillance
Coordinating prosthetic limb fittings and regular checkups to enhance comfort and the utility of the prosthesis best demonstrates which prevention strategy level? A. Primary B. Tertiary C. Secondary D. Community
Answer: B. Tertiary
A women's health nurse who appropriately notifies the authorities about the physical abuse of a patient who is the victim of domestic violence is engaging in which type of women's health prevention? A. Primary reproductive B. Tertiary psychosocial C. Primary psychosocial D. Secondary reproductive
Answer: B. Tertiary psychosocial
Before beginning work in a rural area, the nurse completes an assessment to determine the prevalence of several aggregates: farmers, Native Americans, African Americans, and migrant farmworkers. After the assessment, the nurse decides to introduce a series of educational health events on topics including hepatitis, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), diabetes, and cirrhosis of the liver. Why did the nurse choose these topics?
Answer: B. The nurse found the most represented rural aggregate is Native Americans.
The nurse is implementing a community health improvement plan with the goal of increasing access to prenatal healthcare. How will the community most effectively be involved in monitoring the plan? A. The nurse will consult key informants at the close of the program to evaluate the plan effectiveness B. The nurse will solicit community feedback at intervals to identify areas that may need modification C. The nurse will not involve the community, because the community is only consulted during the community health assessment D. The nurse will ask providers at the involved clinics to let him or her know if any patients bring up concerns during their visitis
Answer: B. The nurse will solicit community feedback at intervals to identify areas that may need modification
A nurse is reviewing the case of a patient who received an MRI for lower back pain before trying any therapies or treatments. The nurse determines that this is not keeping with the philosophy of "right care at the right time." What does this review illustrate? A. Advocacy B. Utilization review C. Patient-centered case management D. System-centered case management
Answer: B. Utilization review
How is the Intervention Wheel used? A. As a source of research evidence that guides nursing practices B. As a systemic analysis of the types of services patients need the most C. As a framework for community and public health nursing practices D. As a means of providing evidence to support nursing interventions
Answer: C. As a framework for community and public health nursing practices
The nurse is evaluating a community health program for which one of the goals was to reduce the incidence of high blood pressure in the city. To find out if this goal has been met, what will the nurse consult?
Answer: C. Clinical records from healthcare providers in the city from the beginning of the program and the current period
A public health nurse has been asked to research any statistics or figures related to the health status of the community surrounding her place of employment. Which organization or initiative would be most helpful to her? A. Personalized Health Care Initiative B. National Transitions of Care Coalition C. Community Health Status Indicator Project D. Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network
Answer: C. Community Health Status Indicator Project
A registered nurse is educating a group of student nurses regarding the most important way to improve the nursing profession. What should the nurse include in the discussion?
Answer: C. Educate on ways to advocate for legislation
Which types of evaluation are involved in the evaluation phase of the Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) community assessment model? Select all that apply. A. Impact B. Periodic C. Formative D. Procedural E. Summative F. Sustainability
Answer: C. Formative E. Summative F. Sustainability
Which nursing theory reflects a belief that national-level policy making, rather than changing, individual patterns of behavior, is the best way to impact the health of most Americans? A. Adaptation model B. Health belief model C. Framework for prevention D. Critical social theory perspective
Answer: C. Framework for prevention
What education based on the theory of socialization will the community health nurse provide for a group of men to address safety?
Answer: C. High risk in work, leisure, and sports
A nurse is on a community assessment team. The nurse is encouraging the team to implement the principles of community engagement. What does he or she suggest the team do? A. Prepare a pamphlet containing their observations and suggestions for community health B. Talk only to individual members of the community rather than organizational leaders to get a sense of what people really want C. Hold discussions with members of the community to discuss how they want to be empowered to guide the assessment process D. Make it clear to the community that the team will be in full control of all plans for new health interventions based on the assessment
Answer: C. Hold discussions with members of the community to discuss how they want to be empowered to guide the assessment process
Which description is most representative of the average migrant and seasonal farmworker (MSFW)?
Answer: C. Male, 36 years old, speaks english well, completed 7th grade
According to statistics from a 2012 report from the Department of Veterans Affairs, which veteran is at the highest risk for suicide?
Answer: C. Newly discharged older male
A nurse is teaching a student nurse about the principles of public health nursing. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates that further teaching is required? A. I should treat each patient as representing the population B. My relationship with patients is that of an equal partnership C. Our primary obligation is to achieve the greater good for each individual patient D. I can collaborate with other companies in town to promote good health practices
Answer: C. Our primary obligation is to achieve the greater good for each individual patient
The nurse is working on an alert and response team confirms an outbreak of Ebola in an international community. What primary task of the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network is the nurse performing? A. Rapid response B. Immediate alert C. Outbreak verification D. Systemic disease intelligence and detection
Answer: C. Outbreak verification
What type of map used in preparing for natural or man-made disasters shows the locations of buildings with basement shelters, stored supplies, and evacuation routes? A. Risk map B. Casualty map C. Resource map D. Mitigation map
Answer: C. Resource map
What level of disease prevention is the public health nurse performing when conducting lead screening for children? A. Primary B. Tertiary C. Secondary D. Quaternary
Answer: C. Secondary
A nurse is developing an educational program for individuals with uncontrolled diabetes, as well as either stage 2 or stage 3 renal disease. The goal of the program is to slow or prevent the progression of renal disease. What type of intervention does this program describe? A. Primary prevention B. Tertiary prevention C. Secondary prevention D. Quaternary prevention
Answer: C. Secondary prevention
A nurse is training a new graduate nurse in community health nursing. Which statement made by the graduate nurse is the most appropriate regarding patients with disabilities in the community? A. The patient suffers from cerebral palsy and will need help with eating B. The spinal cord injury in room 454 will need to be turned in the next hour C. The patient who is blind in room 322 will need assistance ambulating. D. The wheel-chair bound patient had a stroke 3 years ago and will need assistance toileting
Answer: C. The patient who is blind in room 322 will need assistance ambulating.
Which describes the community level of practice? A. Collaborating with politicians to pass a health law B. Changing state policies that influence immunization rates C. Working with health educators on public awareness campaigns D. Conducting immunization clinics for people who cannot afford immunizations
Answer: C. Working with health educators on public awareness campaigns
How can the nurse most effectively use the concepts of population health and the determinants of health to improve the outcome of the global community? A. By educating the nursing community B. By utilizing concepts in nursing practice C. By conducting research to promote evidence-based practice D. By advocating for integration of the concepts into public policy
Answer: D. By advocating for integration of the concepts into public policy
What regulatory agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) is responsible for monitoring Medicare and Medicaid spending? A. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) B. Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) C. Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention (CDC) D. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)
Answer: D. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)
Which nursing theory examines nursing problems from a macroscopic perspective? A. Adaptation model B. Health belief model C. Framework for prevention D. Critical social theory perspective
Answer: D. Critical social theory perspective
Which is a tertiary-level nursing intervention in the promotion of optimal health in older adults? A. Collect data upon initial assessment that will guide nurse planning decisions B. Serve as an advocate for each patient's healthcare needs on a one-to-one basis C. Screen for gender- and age-related illnesses, such as prostate and breast cancer D. Ensure patients have timely, accessible, and affordable referrals for all acute and chronic health needs
Answer: D. Ensure patients have timely, accessible, and affordable referrals for all acute and chronic health needs
Which is considered a determinant of health? A. Height B. Beliefs C. Attitude D. Genetics
Answer: D. Genetics
The community health nurse is preparing to provide outreach services to a population in a community. What activity will the nurse implement? A. Describing and monitoring health events through ongoing collection and analysis of health data. B. Acting on the group's behalf with the intention of developing the community's ability to plead their own cause eventually C. Creating an interpersonal relationship with a community with the goal of increasing their capacity for self-care and coping D. Locating at-risk populations and providing them with information about the nature of the concern, what can be done about it, and how the people can obtain services
Answer: D. Locating at-risk populations and providing them with information about the nature of the concern, what can be done about it, and how the people can obtain services
The nurse is seeking information on emerging health problems in the United States. What is the best source of data for this information? A. Census B. Vital statistics C. Community forum D. National Health Interview Survey
Answer: D. National Health Interview Survey
Which factor established by insurance companies has the potential to limit a patient's access to healthcare services? A. Culture B. Educational level C. Language barriers D. Preexisting conditions
Answer: D. Preexisting conditions
What global Healthy People 2020 initiative can benefit from the use of GIS technology? A. Eradication of polio B. Increased international teamwork and collaboration C. Promotion of sustainable agriculture to build sustainable food systems D. Reduction in the number of cases of malaria reported in the United States
Answer: D. Reduction in the number of cases of malaria reported in the United States
The nurse is learning about a possible initiative to expand telehealth applications in the rural area in which he or she works. Which statement indicates a misunderstanding about telehealth?
Answer: D. Telehealth provides methods of realtime communication between patients and providers when it's difficult for the patient to reach a clinic Rationale: This is telemedicine not telehealth
The nurse is learning about a possible initiative to expand telehealth application in the rural area in which he or she works. Which statement indicates a misunderstanding about telehealth? A. Expanding telehealth will require equipment such as telephones and remote patient monitoring devices B. Using telehealh, patients can transmit data to providers for interpretation without having to visit the provider's office C. Telehealth is cost-effective for providers and patients, but we need to make sure we have the resources to properly expand it D. Telehealth provides methods of realtime communication between patients and providers when its difficult for a patient to reach a clinic
Answer: D. Telehealth provides methods of realtime communication between patients and providers when its difficult for a patient to reach a clinic
The nurse has recently started working in a rural community and has learned that the residents are reliant on informal networks for care. What is the nurse's response to this information?
Answer: D. The nurse invites community members who are caregivers to an informal session to discuss support opportunities for the stress and challenges of caregiving.
During a routine gynecological evaluation, a nurse notices that the patient is in the military. How might this affect the assessment?
Answer: D. The patient should be screened for military-related sexual trauma
The nurse is working in a clinic that serves a large population of migrant workers who are from Mexico. During the nurse's encounters with each patient, he or she makes which consideration?
Answer: D. When the patient nods in agreement, the nurse confirms the patient understands what has been said.
Which concepts are likely to require changes in policy in order to see a shift in the health of a population? Select all that apply. A. Tobacco use B. Physical activity C. Genetic makeup D. Adequacy of diet E. Social environment F. Physical environment
Answer: E. Social environment F. Physical environment
A patient has been pronounced dead at the scene of a crime, the victim of a homicide. According to statistics surrounding homicide, which person is most likely to be a victim of such an act? A. A 25-year-old black male B. A 29-year-old Asian male C. A 13-year-old black female D. A 23-year-old Hispanic female
Answer: A. A 25-year-old black male
Which are the key components of public health infrastructure that allow public health organizations at the federal, tribal, state, or local level to deliver public health services? Select all that apply. A. A capable and qualified workforce B. Politically active community members C. Up-to-date data and information systems D. Nurse case managers with masters-level degrees E. Public health agencies capable of assessing and responding to public health needs
Answer: A. A capable and qualified workforce C. Up-to-date data and information systems E. Public health agencies capable of assessing and responding to public health needs
What significant approach will the community health nurse use to educate and improve health outcomes of men? Select all that apply. A. Access the workplace B. Provide education in school C. Provide information in public settings D. Increase access to clinics designed for men E. Conduct additional screening in the primary care setting
Answer: A. Access the workplace B. Provide education in school C. Provide information in public settings
In what is the community health nurse engaging when he or she pleads someone's cause of acts on a patient's behalf? A. Advocacy B. Counseling C. Consultation D. Referral and follow up
Answer: A. Advocacy
The community health nurse is working with a patient and the patient's family to help them resolve issues regarding their health insurance. The nurse provides the patient and family with several contacts that they can use for assistance. After a couple of days, the family reports that they are not getting the help they need from those contacts. The nurse decides to call the contacts on behalf of the patient. In which interventions is the nurse engaging in this scenario? Select all that apply. A. Advocacy B. Surveillance C. Social marketing D. Coalition building E. Case management
Answer: A. Advocacy E. Case management
Which duties are possible case management functions? Select all that apply. A. Arranging services B. Assessing health status C. Care coordination and continuity D. Determining screening and eligibility E. Assessing the home for safety and sturdiness
Answer: A. Arranging services B. Assessing health status C. Care coordination and continuity D. Determining screening and eligibility
Research-based studies indicate that children of homeless families have higher rates of which type of physical health problems? Select all that apply. A. Asthma B. Malnourishment C. Developmental delays D. Iron deficiency anemia E. Autoimmune disorders
Answer: A. Asthma C. Developmental delays D. Iron deficiency anemia
A nurse is working with the parents of an infant born at 35 weeks gestation. Which complications would the infant be at high risk for in life? Select all that apply. A. Cerebral palsy B. Multiple sclerosis C. Neural tube defects D. Developmental delay E. Lack of sensory development
Answer: A. Cerebral palsy D. Developmental delay E. Lack of sensory development
When working with an older patient, which considerations should a nurse understand could affect care when working with this population? Select all that apply. A. Falls and injuries B. Institutionalization C. Chronic conditions D. Physiological changes E. Psychosocial changes F. Victimization and abuse
Answer: A. Falls and injuries C. Chronic conditions D. Physiological changes E. Psychosocial changes
A nurse is assessing a female patient who reports depression. Which related physical concerns does the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply. A. Fatigue B. Joint pain C. Racing heart D. Persistent headaches E. Abdominal discomfort
Answer: A. Fatigue B. Joint pain D. Persistent headaches E. Abdominal discomfort
Based on the biological and psychosocial causes of men's distinctive health situation, what healthcare needs can the community nurse address? Select all that apply. A. Help with fathering B. Accessing the healthcare system C. Information on how a man's body functions D. Self-care instructions including testicular and genital self-examination E. Physical examination and history taking that include sexual health in early adulthood.
Answer: A. Help with fathering C. Information on how a man's body functions D. Self-care instructions including testicular and genital self-examination
A public health nurse is preparing to provide outreach services in the community. In which activities will the nurse engage? Select all that apply. A. Identifying populations of interest B. Finding out which populations are at risk C. Telling people how health services can be obtained D. Identifying data regarding threats to the health of populations E. Providing people with information addressing their health concerns
Answer: A. Identifying populations of interest B. Finding out which populations are at risk C. Telling people how health services can be obtained E. Providing people with information addressing their health concerns
A nurse sends an email to other nurses belonging to the same state chapter to ask them to sign a template letter that will be sent to a legislator in the hopes of getting a clean air bill passed. What is this activity called? A. Lobbying B. Advocacy C. Social policy D. Political action committee
Answer: A. Lobbying
In the United States, which demographic category is at the highest risk for suicide? A. Men ages 65 to 74 B. Men ages 45 to 54 C. Women ages 55 to 64 D. Women ages 25 to 34
Answer: A. Men ages 65 to 74
Which common concerns regarding caregiving of the older adult must a nurse consider when assessing patients? Select all that apply. A. Neglect B. Alienation C. Elder abuse D. Financial fraud E. Caregiver stress F. Patient autonomy
Answer: A. Neglect C. Elder abuse E. Caregiver stress
Which interventions on the Intervention Wheel are applicable at all three levels of practice? Select all that apply. A. Outreach B. Case finding C. Surveillance D. Coalition building E. Community organizing
Answer: A. Outreach C. Surveillance
In using the Intervention Wheel, what criteria must be met in order for services to patients and families to be population based? Select all that apply. A. People receive services because they belong to an identified population B. Services are provided free of charge if people are part of an identified population. C. Services contribute to improving the overall health status of the identified population. D. People who belong to identified populations must be diagnosed with an unidentified disease. E. People with known risk factors contribute to the poor health status of an identified population
Answer: A. People receive services because they belong to an identified population C. Services contribute to improving the overall health status of the identified population.
Which intervention would the community health nurse document as a secondary prevention? A. Performs child screenings B. Educates families to provide safe care C. Ensures referrals are obtained for needed care D. Promotes therapeutic relationships with parents and children
Answer: A. Performs child screenings
What is one of the most important indicators of the health and well-being of all Americans, regardless of where they live? A. Poverty rates B. Education level C. Housing availability D. Geographical location
Answer: A. Poverty rates
When caring for homeless youth, the community health nurse understands that which population may experience more health problems? Select all that apply. A. Pregnant B. Employed C. Engaged in prostitution D. Receiving government aid E. Questioning sexual orientation
Answer: A. Pregnant C. Engaged in prostitution E. Questioning sexual orientation
Providing mental health information about depression and eating disorders to adolescents in schools best represents which level of mental illness prevention? A. Primary B. Tertiary C. Targeted D. Secondary
Answer: A. Primary
The Intervention Wheel Bases its framework on which assumptions? Select all that apply. A. Public health nursing practice focuses on populations B. Public health nursing practice emphasizes disease prevention C. Public health nursing practice considers the determinants of health D. Public health nursing practice emphasizes pharmacologic treatment E. Public health nursing practice uses the nursing process at certain levels of practice
Answer: A. Public health nursing practice focuses on populations B. Public health nursing practice emphasizes disease prevention C. Public health nursing practice considers the determinants of health
The nurse is developing teen health initiatives for the community. Which intervention would be consistent with the initiatives of Healthy People 2020? A. Reduce the obesity rate among adolescents B. Increase adolescent communication with a trusted adult C. Encourage all adolescents to have a wellness checkup every 18 months D. Increase the proportion of adolescents who receive reproductive health instruction before age 14
Answer: A. Reduce the obesity rate among adolescents
What are the primary outcomes of nurses educating the public about mental health and mental illness? Select all that apply. A. Reducing the stigma about mental illness B. Decreasing the costs of mental healthcare C. Leading public support for needed services D. Assisting patients in assessing community services E. Decreasing social isolation for patients and families
Answer: A. Reducing the stigma about mental illness B. Decreasing the costs of mental healthcare C. Leading public support for needed services E. Decreasing social isolation for patients and families
The ambulatory nurse is reviewing community trends in the use of urgent care medicine. What is the trend for urgent care medicine use? A. The use of urgent care medicine is increasing B. The use of urgent care medicine is decreasing C. The use of urgent care medicine is flat in growth D. The use of urgent care medicine is becoming obsolete
Answer: A. The use of urgent care medicine is increasing
What health behaviors have shown the greatest change in a positive direction for men? A. Those influenced by legislative action B. Utilization of healthcare clinics for men C. Increased demand for screening in the community D. Accessing sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics and family services
Answer: A. Those influenced by legislative action Rationale: Changes implemented by legislative action include use of seatbelts, use of smoke detectors, and avoiding drunk driving. Fewer healthcare clinics are tailored to men's special needs than to women's needs.
Secondary prevention strategies focus on the early detection of health threats and the rapid initiation of treatment. Which strategies best illustrate secondary prevention interventions? Select all that apply. A. Treatment of dental caries B. Surgical removal of cancerous tumors C. Providing influenza vaccines to prevent illness D. Blood pressure screenings to detect heart disease E. Guaiac testing to check for hidden gastrointestinal disorders
Answer: A. Treatment of dental caries B. Surgical removal of cancerous tumors D. Blood pressure screenings to detect heart disease E. Guaiac testing to check for hidden gastrointestinal disorders
What screening tests will the community health nurse recommend for the male population based on the recommendations of the U.S. Preventative Task Force? Select all that apply. A. Yearly dental exam B. Blood pressure check annually C. Eye examination every 3 to 5 years D. Colorectal screening every 3 to 5 years E. Annual blood cholesterol check at 53 years and older
Answer: A. Yearly dental exam C. Eye examination every 3 to 5 years D. Colorectal screening every 3 to 5 years E. Annual blood cholesterol check at 53 years and older
Which actions are responsibilities of the school nurse under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA)? Select all that apply. A. Diagnosing a student with an intellectual disability B. Assisting in identifying a student who may need special educational services C. Providing in-service training for teachers regarding the individual health needs of students D. Recommending to the team health-related accommodations for a student with a disability E. Developing an individualized care plan for a student based on the nursing assessment
Answer: B. Assisting in identifying a student who may need special educational services C. Providing in-service training for teachers regarding the individual health needs of students D. Recommending to the team health-related accommodations for a student with a disability E. Developing an individualized care plan for a student based on the nursing assessment
Which are core functions of public health? Select all that apply. A. Research B. Assurance C. Counseling D. Assessment E. Social marketing F. Policy development
Answer: B. Assurance D. Assessment F. Policy development
What priorities for public health in the 21st century have been identified by the Institute of Medicine (IOM)? Select all that apply. A. Enhancing safety B. Building partnerships C. Developing systems of accountability D. Strengthening the public infrastructure E. Developing an infrastructure for public health research
Answer: B. Building partnerships C. Developing systems of accountability D. Strengthening the public infrastructure
A nurse attends 15 health fairs and identifies 130 individuals with risk factors for respiratory disease. These individuals are connected to a program for further assessment and possible enrollment into a disease management program. What would this endeavor most appropriately be called? A. Outreach B. Case finding C. Health teaching D. Referral and follow-u[
Answer: B. Case finding
A community health nurse is learning about a community he or she was recently assigned to cover. Which resource would be the most helpful for researching the size, demographic character, trends, migration, and density of the population? A. Almanac B. Chamber of Commerce C. Employment Commission D. Local and state health departments
Answer: B. Chamber of Commerce
Globally, what is the leading cause of malnutrition in children under 5 years of age? A. Poor healthcare B. Diarrheal diseases C. Inadequate child care D. Poor sanitation and hygiene
Answer: B. Diarrheal diseases
Which types of information regarding the older adult can be obtained through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Healthy Aging initiative? Select all that apply. A. Cognitive decline B. Frequent mental distress C. Fall prevention education D. Physically unhealthy days E. Oral health for past 5 years F. Vaccination history and information
Answer: B. Frequent mental distress D. Physically unhealthy days E. Oral health for past 5 years F. Vaccination history and information
Which explains why nurses should consider chronological age as well as functional age when working with older adults? A. Nursing interventions are different depending on chronological age. B. Functional age can help determine the level of independence and ability to care for and self-manage illness. C. Many patients do not act their age and may misrepresent themselves unintentionally as younger, leading to misdiagnosis. D. Patient education may be affected by patients who are functioning at a higher cognitive level, and important information may be omitted.
Answer: B. Functional age can help determine the level of independence and ability to care for and self-manage illness.
Which nursing theory is based on the assumption that behavior is based on the current dynamics confronting an individual versus prior experience? A. Adaptation model B. Health belief model C. Framework for prevention D. Critical social theory perspective
Answer: B. Health belief model
Which theories are based on the individual as a locus of change? Select all that apply. A. Adaption model B. Health belief model C. Self-care deficit theory D. Milo's framework for prevention E. Critical social theory perspective
Answer: B. Health belief model C. Self-care deficit theory
Community health nurses should consider which interventions when addressing factors contributing to homelessness? Select all that apply. A. Military service B. Health teaching C. Health screening D. Outreach programs E. Physical environment
Answer: B. Health teaching C. Health screening D. Outreach programs
In 2003, the Quad Council of Public Health Nursing Organizations devised a set of public health nursing competencies, which was updated in 2011. Which duty falls under the domain of "community dimensions of practical skills"? Select all that apply. A. Interpreting research relevant to public health interventions B. Identifying community partners for public health nursing practice C. Participating effectively in activities that facilitate community involvement D. Identifying gaps in research evidence to guide public health nursing practice E. Utilizing an ecological perspective in health assessment, planning, and interventions F. Accessing public health and other sources of information using informatics and information technologies
Answer: B. Identifying community partners for public health nursing practice C. Participating effectively in activities that facilitate community involvement E. Utilizing an ecological perspective in health assessment, planning, and interventions
Which term describes individuals and families who are at risk of losing their primary nighttime residence? A. Literally homeless B. Imminent risk of homelessness C. Attempting to flee domestic violence D. Homeless under other federal statutes
Answer: B. Imminent risk of homelessness
Which population is most likely to be homeless? A. Single females B. Military veterans C. Single-parent families D. Former foster children
Answer: B. Military veterans
Which public health elements does the Intervention Wheel identify and define? Select all that apply. A. Surgery B. Outreach C. Advocacy D. Consultation E. Collaboration F. Delegated functions
Answer: B. Outreach C. Advocacy D. Consultation E. Collaboration F. Delegated functions
After receiving diet education, a patient states, "The food will be too expensive, I'll have to spend too much time cooking, and I dont even like these foods." Which key concept of the Health Belief Model is demonstrated here? A. Cues to action B. Perceived barriers C. Perceived severity D. Perceived susceptibility
Answer: B. Perceived barriers
The nurse is assisting and educating an elderly individual who has limited social support, lives alone, and eats a nutritionally poor diet. Which education topic would be an example of primary prevention? A. Encourage the use of a meal delivery service B. Planning a shopping list and menus for the prescribed diet C. Providing a referral for assessment of possible nutrition-related disorders D. Providing hospitalization or prescribed nutritional supplements for illness resulting from inadequate nutrition
Answer: B. Planning a shopping list and menus for the prescribed diet
In which situation is the public health nurse assisting people in the community with primary prevention? A. Screening a group of people who have pre-hypertension B. Providing free immunizations to children against the measles C. Giving out healthy snacks and exercise plans to people who are obese D. Treating patients in the community who have active tuberculosis
Answer: B. Providing free immunizations to children against the measles
Which interventions are the most important in the treatment of mental illness? A. Exercise and nutrition B. Somatic and psychosocial C. Pharmacologic and genetic D. Counseling and stress management
Answer: B. Somatic and psychosocial
A community health nurse wishes to advocate policy change for patients in rural communities living in poverty. Poverty rates for rural people have always been higher than for urban dwellers. Persistent poverty, which is defined as being in poverty over the last 30 years, is highest in which area of the United States? A. West B. South C. Midwest D. Northeast
Answer: B. South
The nurse has determined that community-oriented primary healthcare (COPHC) is an appropriate initiative in the rural community the nurse is serving. The community's population has a relatively high number of young people. As the nurse prepares to use this model, what will one of the first steps be? A. Developing healthcare services that focus on prenatal care and support B. Speaking with young people and educators to identify major health concerns C. Establishing community programs to meet the needs of people with chronic illness D. Translating Healthy People 2020 objectives into measurable goals for the community
Answer: B. Speaking with young people and educators to identify major health concerns
An Army veteran sustained multiple back injuries from shrapnel, causing many surgeries and chronic pain. The veteran parks in a handicapped spot and while exiting the vehicle hears a stranger yell, "You're not disabled! You can't park in a handicapped spot!" What best explains the stranger's reaction? A. There is widespread antipathy for veteran's health issues B. There is a common myth that all disabilities must be visible. C. Handicapped spots are reserved for people who use wheelchairs D. The stranger is correct that veteran should not park in a handicapped spot
Answer: B. There is a common myth that all disabilities must be visible.
The community nurse is teaching a novice nurse about community health patterns and indicators within the practice. Which statement by the novice nurse indicates that more teaching is needed? A. We must find out the most common environmental risks in our city B. We must analyze how population control can be linked to the decline of certain diseases C. We must ask ourselves what the leading causes of death are among the groups we serve D. We must explore how infant mortality rates and teenage pregnancy rates in the community compare with regional, state, and national rates
Answer: B. We must analyze how population control can be linked to the decline of certain diseases
A community health nurse is driving through an area and notes that many people appear to be under the influence of alcohol or drugs, sees many dilapidated houses, and notices many mental health clinics and mostly fast-food style restaurants. What type of research is the nurse conducting? A. Focus group B. Windshield survey C. Needs assessment D. Community-based intervention
Answer: B. Windshield survey
Which patient system of community levels of care is the nurse using when promoting the health benefits of yoga through community classes? A. Family B. Individual C. Aggregate D. Community
Answer: C. Aggregate
The nurse is preparing a student nurse who is assisting with a public health event at which he or she will be providing health education to a group of at-risk adolescents. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates further teaching is necessary? A. Behavior can be conscious or unconscious B. Values often guide what people do and how they behave C. An attitude is a statement or sense that is accepted as true by the individual D. Knowledge is based on understanding gained through a person's experiences
Answer: C. An attitude is a statement or sense that is accepted as true by the individual Rationale: It is belief, not attitude
What is the best source of information for the nurse who wants to find data on population size? A. Almanac B. School districts C. Census documents D. Local health department
Answer: C. Census documents
Which public health intervention promotes and develops alliances among organizations or constituencies for a common purpose? A. Advocacy B. Collaboration C. Coalition building D. Community organizing
Answer: C. Coalition building
A patient is having difficulty reading, which is related to a history of an ischemic stroke. The community health nurse understands that difficulty reading is an example of what type of disability? A. Dual diagnosis B. Emotional disability C. Functional disability D. Developmental disability
Answer: C. Functional disability
The nurse's careful analysis of vital statistics or census data can reveal small groups of people with special needs who may be overlooked by the "Rule of Utility." What term describes these groups? A. Hidden gems B. Greatest good C. Hidden pockets D. Greatest number
Answer: C. Hidden pockets
Which topic would be most useful for a workshop geared toward parents of teens? A. Preventing Teen Obesity B. Teen Public Health Programs C. How to Talk so Your Teen Will Listen D. Affordable Personal Insurance Options
Answer: C. How to Talk so Your Teen Will Listen
Which statement demonstrates perceived susceptibility? A. I'm not on insulin or anything, so it's not that bad. B. I can't schedule time off at work to have the test done. C. No one in my family has ever had cancer, and I eat well and run 5 miles every other day. D. I think that if i stop smoking now and just throw away these cigarettes, I'll probably live a really long time.
Answer: C. No one in my family has ever had cancer, and I eat well and run 5 miles every other day.
A nurse is working at a community clinic in a low-income neighborhood. The nurse is preparing to meet with a new patient who is a single mother and will likely need financial assistance. What should the nurse's first step when meeting with the patient? A. Have her visit with the social worker B. Get the Medicaid application paperwork C. Perform a work and financial assessment D. Prepare her a referral to Women, Infants and Children (WIC)
Answer: C. Perform a work and financial assessment
The European Typology of Homelessness and Housing Exclusion (ETHOS) defines the conceptualization of having adequate dwelling for which a person or family has exclusive possession as which domain? A. Legal B. Social C. Physical D. Geographical
Answer: C. Physical
Which component is the most central to many of the mental health recovery programs and activities that enhance coping skills and competence? A. Group therapy B. Case management C. Relapse management D. Pharmacology consultation
Answer: C. Relapse management
A women's health nurse who screens patients for signs of domestic violence, human trafficking, and mental health issues demonstrates which type of health prevention? A. Tertiary reproductive B. Primary psychosocial C. Secondary psychosocial D. Secondary cardiovascular
Answer: C. Secondary psychosocial
Which element concerns describing and monitoring health events through ongoing and systemic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data? A. Screening B. Case finding C. Surveillance D. Case management
Answer: C. Surveillance
Which is an example of systems-level intervention within the element of disease investigation? A. The community health nurse works with a local church to provide free flu vaccines to congregation members. B. The community health nurse works with high schools in the county to teach students about nutrition and health. C. The community health nurse works with the state health department to coordinate a response to an outbreak of Zika in a rural area D. The community health nurse works with business organizations to teach employees about physical activity lifestyle changes to improve health.
Answer: C. The community health nurse works with the state health department to coordinate a response to an outbreak of Zika in a rural area
Which statement is true regarding community health nursing and community-based nursing? A. All services in community health nursing are direct B. Services in community-based nursing are largely indirect C. The primary patient in community health nursing is the community D. The primary patient in community health nursing are individuals and the family
Answer: C. The primary patient in community health nursing is the community
The nurse is caring for a family that includes a mom and three teenagers. The family does not have enough money to buy healthy foods. To which organization should the nurse refer the family? A. Medicaid B. Affordable Care Act (ACA) C. Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) D. Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)
Answer: C. Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
Which nursing theory is based on society as a focus of change? Select all that apply. A. Adaptation model B. Health belief model C. Self-care deficit theory D. Critical social theory perspective E. Milo's framework for prevention
Answer: D. Critical social theory perspective E. Milo's framework for prevention
What is important for the nurse to consider when accounting for gender differences in health and illness? A. Education B. Socioeconomics C. Eligibility for healthcare D. Data collection of health behavior
Answer: D. Data collection of health behavior
Which factors have the greatest effects on the etiology and treatment of mental illness? A. Age and gender B. Age and psychosocial C. Education and experience D. Experience and psychosocial
Answer: D. Experience and psychosocial
Which explains why patient education is so important with the older adult population? A. Reduces risk for chronic illness B. Aids in planning of nursing interventions and outcomes C. Builds a relationship based on trust and professionalism D. Helps patient transition through stages of the aging process
Answer: D. Helps patient transition through stages of the aging process
The community health nurse is planning a screening event in the community. Which action made by the nurse supports screening as a public health intervention? A. Gathering data that has to do with health threats to those in the community B. Using social media to market the event to those in rural or urban areas C. Developing an alliance with another health organization to help with the event D. Identifying people who have unrecognized health risks and would benefit from the event
Answer: D. Identifying people who have unrecognized health risks and would benefit from the event
Which occupational health science involves identifying and evaluating workplace hazards so control mechanisms can be implemented for exposure reduction? A. Safety B. Toxicology C. Ergonomics D. Industrial hygiene
Answer: D. Industrial hygiene
A nurse is conducting a study to see whether residents exposed to high levels of pesticide are at higher risk of developing lung or pancreatic cancer. What is the advantage of a study with a future time dimension and healthy subjects who are sampled with regard to exposure of risk factors? A. It is relatively inexpensive B. There will be a short follow-up period C. Only a small number of subjects is needed D. It allows for calculation of incidence and relative risk
Answer: D. It allows for calculation of incidence and relative risk
Which statement accurately describes a microscopic approach to the delineation of community health nursing problems? A. It may involve social or political action B. It emphasizes social, economic, and environmental precursors of illness C. It examines interfamily and intercommunity themes in health and illness D. It often emphasizes a behavioral response to and individual's illness or lifestyle pattern
Answer: D. It often emphasizes a behavioral response to and individual's illness or lifestyle pattern
What is the best source of information for the nurse who wants to find data on the level of citizen activism in a community? A. Library B. Almanac C. School districts D. Local representatives
Answer: D. Local representatives
A nurse is working with local government to develop legislation to promote road safety. Which proposal would be most effective? A. Decreasing the driving permit age to allow for more practice B. Increasing the number of hours required in driver's education classes C. Increasing magazine ads to discuss the dangers of drinking and driving D. Mandatory classes to teach teens and their parents about distracted driving
Answer: D. Mandatory classes to teach teens and their parents about distracted driving
Which is a consideration a nurse must take into account when educating an older adult on the normal aging process? A. Cognitive impairment in the older adult is to be expected B. The typical lifespan of the older patient is gradually increasing each decade C. Longer lifespans mean more chronic illnesses and more involved healthcare D. Many older patients will explain away serious health conditions as part of the normal aging process
Answer: D. Many older patients will explain away serious health conditions as part of the normal aging process
Which action will the nurse take for a surveillance intervention? A. Working with a peer nurse from another organization to help plan a health event in the community B. Teaching patients in the community about the different modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes C. Searching for and identifying people who have risk factors for certain diseases and connecting them with the proper resources D. Monitoring the different types of health events in the community and collecting the health data documented through patient questionnaires and surveys
Answer: D. Monitoring the different types of health events in the community and collecting the health data documented through patient questionnaires and surveys
A community-based rehabilitation nurse focuses on reintegration of patients into the community. In which setting does this nurse practice? A. School B. Home healthcare C. Case management D. Outpatient rehabilitation clinic
Answer: D. Outpatient rehabilitation clinic
Which legislative act passed in 2010 removes geographic and economic barriers and helps to remove the stigma of mental illness through routine screening and treatment in a primary care setting? A. Mental Health in Schools Act B. Saving Our Next Generation Act C. Mental Health Reform Legislation Act D. Patient Protection and Affordable Health Care Act
Answer: D. Patient Protection and Affordable Health Care Act
How does the public health nurse establish relationships at the systems, community, and individual levels, in that order? A. The nurse create a relationship with local organizations who will support the cause, continues the relationship with families and patients, and establishes a relationship on a higher level with the state. B. The nurse develops a relationship with the patients, continues establishing relationships to expand from patients to their families and friends, and establishes relationships with system partners. C. The nurse begins a relationship with system partners, continues established relationships with patients and families in the community, and establishes relationships with local organizations. D. The nurse initiates a relationship with the state health department, continues establishing relationships with local partners, and establishes relationships with the patients and families who need services.
Answer: D. The nurse initiates a relationship with the state health department, continues establishing relationships with local partners, and establishes relationships with the patients and families who need services.