Module 4: Section 6.06-6.08

Select the hormone that lowers blood calcium levels when administered at high pharmacological doses. Parathyroid hormone Calcitriol Calcitonin None of the listed responses is correct.

Calcitonin

Which of the following is true? Bone formation exceeds bone resorption in young adults. Bone resporption is slower than bone formation in old age. Despite the environmental factors that influence bone density, genetics still plays the major role in determining bone density. In about the second decade, bone mass increases with age.

Despite the environmental factors that influence bone density, genetics still plays the major role in determining bone density.

In a car accident, the injuries to the driver include a fractured femur. Part of the broken end of the diaphysis of the femur is visibly penetrating through the skin in the thigh area. Which of the following properly classifies this fracture? Displaced, complete, open (compound) Nondisplaced, complete, open (compound) Displaced, complete, closed (simple) Nondisplaced, incomplete, closed (simple) Displaced, incomplete, open (compound)

Displaced, complete, open (compound)

Which of the following is true regarding bone remodeling? The entire skeleton is replaced about every five years. Spongy bone is replaced about every year. Every year 5 to 10 percent of the skeleton is replaced. Compact bone is replaced every three to four years. None of the listed responses is correct.

Every year 5 to 10 percent of the skeleton is replaced.

Match the description to the correct stage of bone repair: Activity of fibroblasts and osteoblasts creates an overgrown splint around the fracture site. Hematoma formation Bony callus formation Fibrocartilage callus Bone remodeling

Fibrocartilage callus

Select the correct sequence of fracture repair steps. Fibrocartilaginous callus forms, hematoma forms, bony callus forms, bone remodeling occurs Fibrocartilaginous callus forms, bony callus forms, hematoma forms, bone remodeling occurs Hematoma forms, bony callus forms, fibrocartilaginous callus forms, bone remodeling occurs Hematoma forms, fibrocartilaginous callus forms, bone remodeling occurs, bony callus forms Hematoma forms, fibrocartilaginous callus forms, bony callus forms, bone remodeling occurs

Hematoma forms, fibrocartilaginous callus forms, bony callus forms, bone remodeling occurs

Which of the following statements is true? Sustained decreases in calcium can lead to kidney stones. Hypocalcemia leads to hyperexcitability. Because calcium causes neurotransmitter release, excessive calcium will lead to hyperexcitability. Because calcium causes neurotransmitter release, too little calcium causes non-responsiveness.

Hypocalcemia leads to hyperexcitability.

Osteoblasts release which of the following? Matrix vesicles studded with the enzyme alkaline phosphatase Acids Lysosomal enzymes All of the listed responses are released by osteoblasts.

Matrix vesicles studded with the enzyme alkaline phosphatase

Determine the scenario that reduces the mass of a long bone. Osteoblast activity is greater than osteoclast activity. Osteocycte activity is greater than osteoblast activity. Osteoblast activity is greater than osteocyte activity. Osteoclast activity is greater than osteoblast activity. Osteoclast activity is equal to osteoblast activity.

Osteoclast activity is greater than osteoblast activity.

Which bone disorder is characterized by excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption? Osteoporosis Osteomalacia Paget's disease Rickets

Paget's disease

Which of the following bone disorders is not treatable with increased calcium and vitamin D? Osteoporosis Osteomalacia Rickets All of the choices are treated with increased calcium and vitamin D. Paget's disease

Paget's disease

The hormonal control of bone remodeling primarily involves which of the following? Calcitonin Calcitriol Estrogen Parathyroid hormone

Parathyroid hormone

If a breastfeeding mother becomes vitamin D deficient, what disease is most likely to develop in the nursing infant? Rickets Osteoporosis Paget's disease Dwarfism

Rickets

During a football game, a player fractures his leg bone when his foot plants into the turf, but several opposing players continue to push him forward. The doctor explains that the diagonal break across the bone was due to intense twisting forces. Select the type of fracture involved in this example. Greenstick Depressed Compression Spiral Comminuted

Spiral

Mary is 50 years old. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals that portions of her skeleton show signs of osteoporosis. After reviewing the test results, her physician suggests that she take all of the following courses of action except? Do more weight-bearing exercise Start taking synthetic parathyroid hormone Increase calcium intake Increase vitamin D intake All of the listed responses would be recommended.

Start taking synthetic parathyroid hormone

A patient is brought to the emergency room with a broken bone. According to the x-ray, the bone is fragmented into three pieces. This would be considered a __________. compound fracture spiral fracture comminuted fracture compression fracture

comminuted fracture

Bone is broken down by __________. osteoblasts chondrocytes osteoclasts osteoprogenitor cells

osteoclasts

A bone disorder that affects adults and has symptoms that are similar to rickets is called __________. osteoporosis Paget's disease osteomalacia None of the listed responses is correct.

osteomalacia

When Ca2+ concentration in the blood becomes lower than normal, __________. parathyroid hormone is released growth hormone is released calcium salts deposit in the blood vessels testosterone is released

parathyroid hormone is released

Osteoporosis occurs most often in ____________________. young children mothers who breast-feed postmenopausal women elderly men

postmenopausal women

Rickets can be caused by a deficiency of __________. vitamin A vitamin C vitamin D vitamin E

vitamin D