Module 46 Questions

You are an expert witness for the defense results of the MMPI. Opposing counsel asks you if this is an objective instrument. You respond by saying: a. "Objectivity does not guarantee validity." b. "It works better on males than on females." c. "According to a National Research Council report, the popularity of this test says it is." d. "It works better on females than on males."

a. "Objectivity does not guarantee validity."

Geneva has an extremely clean dorm room. She keeps no clutter on her desk, she awakens very early to keep up with her schoolwork, and her car is spotless. Given your knowledge of her behavior, which of the following Big Five personality traits does she exhibit MOST? a. conscientiousness b. extraversion c. openness d. agreeableness

a. conscientiousness

According to Hans and Sybil Eysenck, the individual variation that is apparent across people can be reduced to several dimensions, including which of the following? a. extraversion-introversion b. conformity-individualism c. collectivism-individualism d. adaptation-habituation

a. extraversion-introversion

The humanistic perspective has been criticized for promoting an excessive degree of: a. individualism. b. pessimism. c. personality testing. d. factor analysis.

a. individualism.

Starke Hathaway is to _____________ as Alfred Binet is to _____________. a. personality measurement; intelligence measurement b. introversion; extraversion c. Austria; France d. intelligence; personality

a. personality measurement; intelligence measurement

The most widely accepted trait theory today is: a. the five-factor model of personality. b. the Myers-Briggs theory of personality types. c. the Eysenck model of personality. d. Freud's theory of personality traits.

a. the five-factor model of personality.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI): a. was empirically derived. b. was designed to assess "normal" personality tendencies. c. picked test items from a small pool that failed to discriminate between groups. d. is scored subjectively.

a. was empirically derived.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) has been translated into more than ___________ languages and is in its __________ edition. a. 200; third b. 100; second c. 100; third d. 50; second

b. 100; second

According to research cited in your textbook, who is most likely to be a successful supervisor? a. Ramone, who is reliable but very shy and avoids social situations b. Deandre, who is introverted but very skilled at his job. c. Cindy, who tends to stress out over her workload d. Randy, who is successful but very extraverted and socially uninhibited

b. Deandre, who is introverted but very skilled at his job.

The ______________ attempts to classify people according to Carl Jung's personality types. a. Rorschach inkblot test b. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator c. Stanford-Binet test d. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

b. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

The Big Five personality traits include: a. conscientiousness, disagreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion. b. conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion. c. conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and self-actualization. d. conscientiousness, disagreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and introversion.

b. conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion.

Eli has always been an extravert. There is some evidence that people like Eli seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively low. For example, extraverts: a. have lower levels of serotonin. b. exhibit less activity in a frontal lobe area involved in behavior inhibition. c. have greater levels of norepinephrine. d. exhibit more activity in a frontal lobe area involved in behavior inhibition.

b. exhibit less activity in a frontal lobe area involved in behavior inhibition.

Western culture, including television programs, portray which of the following personality traits as being consistent with successful people? a. introversion b. extraversion c. openness d. neuroticism

b. extraversion

Personality inventories are to _______________ as projective tests are to _______________. a. subjective scoring; objective scoring b. objective scoring; subjective scoring c. validity; standardization d. standardization; validity

b. objective scoring; subjective scoring

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a(n) ________ test. a. subjective b. objective. c. projective d. selective

b. objective.

Trait theorists have been criticized for a. underestimating the potential influence of biological factors on personality development. b. overestimating the consistency of behavior from one situation to another. c. underestimating the extent to which people differ from one another. d. overestimating the importance of reciprocal determinism on adult personality traits.

b. overestimating the consistency of behavior from one situation to another.

While psychologists' research describes personality, it is _____ that determines which personality traits are culturally desirable. a. psychiatrists b. society c. religion d. families

b. society

The stability of personality during adulthood is best evaluated by: a. the self-reference phenomenon. b. the trait perspective. c. psychoanalysis. d. Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

b. the trait perspective.

According to Allport, personality should be described in terms of: a. the unconscious. b. traits. c. self-actualization. d. self-concept.

b. traits.

Cliff is homeless, hungry, and desperate for food and shelter. He will do almost anything to satisfy these needs. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Cliff will ignore all other needs: a. which include his self-esteem needs. b. until he satisfies his most basic needs for food and shelter. c. which include his need to be loved and to love himself. d. which include his self-actualization needs.

b. until he satisfies his most basic needs for food and shelter.

The Big Five personality traits are reported to have a heritability of approximately _____ percent for each dimension. a. 30 b. 40 c. 50 d. 20

c. 50

Carl Rogers said, "The only question which matters is, 'Am I living in a way which is deeply satisfying to me?'" Which of the following best describes why critics of Rogers are most likely to object to this statement? a. It encourages too much individualism, which can lead to an erosion of moral restraints. b. It fails to recognize that people who focus beyond themselves are more likely to experience life satisfaction. c. Critics of Carl Rogers are likely to voice all of these objections. d. It encourages too much individualism, which can lead to self-indulgence and selfishness.

c. Critics of Carl Rogers are likely to voice all of these objections.

According to your textbook, the most widely used personality inventory is the: a. California Personality Inventory (CPI). b. Thematic Apperception Test, or TAT. c. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, or MMPI. d. Rorschach inkblot test.

c. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, or MMPI.

According to Abraham Maslow, people are motivated by: a. optimal arousal. b. drive reduction. c. a hierarchy of needs. d. instincts.

c. a hierarchy of needs.

According to Carl Rogers ______________ is an attitude of provisional acceptance toward another person. This attitude nurtures growth in others. a. Self-actualization b. Thematic apperception c. conditional positive regard d. Unconditional positive regard

c. conditional positive regard

Frieda is organized, careful, and disciplined. She would likely score very high on a personality test that measures: a. agreeableness. b. openness. c. conscientiousness. d. extraversion.

c. conscientiousness.

Jonathan is very good conversationalist but can only handle loud parties for a very short time. He prefers to meet his friends at a quiet wine bar and socialize there. Which personality trait best describes Jonathan? a. conscientiousness b. neuroticism c. introversion d. extraversion

c. introversion

Kaley tends to avoid talking with others because she fears that she will be judged harshly by others. Kaley can best be described as being; a. extraverted b. neurotic c. shy d. introverted

c. shy

According to Carl Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person is known as: a. genuineness. b. empathy. c. unconditional positive regard. d. altruism.

c. unconditional positive regard.

Before Juan's first date with a psychologist, she wants him take the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Juan is uncomfortable taking a personality test for someone he barely knows. What argument could Juan use to persuade this psychologist that he should NOT take the test? a. It works better on males than on females. b. It works better on females than on males. c. Large corporations do not like to use it because they don't trust its value. d. According to a National Research Council report, "the popularity of this test in the absence of proven scientific worth is troublesome."

d. According to a National Research Council report, "the popularity of this test in the absence of proven scientific worth is troublesome."

__________ emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in healthy personality development. a. Adler b. Allport c. Bandura d. Rogers

d. Rogers

In a psychology class debate on the humanistic perspective, you need to take the opposing view and rebut its positive aspects. Which of the following criticisms of the humanistic perspective can you cite? a. Its concepts are too precise and specific. b. It emphasizes unconscious motivations too heavily. c. It emphasizes collectivism too heavily. d. The descriptions of self-actualizing people reflect Maslow's personal values.

d. The descriptions of self-actualizing people reflect Maslow's personal values.

Humanistic psychology emphasizes the importance of: a. reciprocal determinism. b. an external locus of control. c. empirically derived tests. d. a positive self-concept.

d. a positive self-concept.

Garrick is a calm, self-satisfied man who appears to be secure. Which of the following Big Five personality traits would best describe his personality? a. openness b. conscientiousness c. extraversion d. emotional stability

d. emotional stability

Genuineness, acceptance, and empathy are to ______________ as water, sun, and nutrients are to ______________. a. therapy; therapists b. self-concept; unconditional positive regard c. self-love; self-esteem d. positive growth in humans; the growth of healthy trees

d. positive growth in humans; the growth of healthy trees