Module 49

The symptoms of alcohol use disorder begin to appear at a median age of about:

20

The symptoms of schizophrenia begin to appear at a median age of about:

20

The DSM-5 was published in:

2013

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from any mental disorder in 2008 was:

26.2%

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from PTSD in 2008 was:

3.5%

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from a phobia of a specific object or situation in 2008 was:

8.7%

According to psychologists and psychiatrists, a behavior is disordered if it is:

A behavior must exhibit all of these factors to be considered disordered.

Naima washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is afraid of the germs that seem to be everywhere. Rana washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is a nurse practitioner and she knows that it is an important part of her job. Why is Naima's hand washing considered part of a psychological disorder, while Rana's is not?

All of these things classify Naima's behavior as a psychological disorder.

The International Classification of Diseases and _____ are two major systems used to classify psychological disorders.

DSM-5

Reflecting on how the definition of psychological disorders has changed in history, one can see that societal views greatly impact the definition of a psychological disorder by:

Framing what is perceived as the source of the disorder.

What information would help a researcher determine if a psychological disorder were genetic in origin?

It is observed in all cultures.

Which of the following provides evidence that there is a genetic component to schizophrenia?

It is observed in all cultures.

Which of the following is FALSE about ADHD?

More adults are given the diagnosis of ADHD than children.

Which of the following statements about people with psychological disorders is TRUE?

Multiple studies have found that people with a major mental illness are less violent than those without a psychological disorder.

He insisted that madness is not demon possession but a sickness of the mind caused by severe stresses and inhumane conditions.

Pinel

A large-scale World Health Organization (2004) study—based on 90-minute interviews of 60,463 people—estimated the number of prior-year mental disorders in 20 countries. Which country had the lowest rate of diagnosed psychological disorders?

Shanghai

Which of the following statements about people with psychological disorders is TRUE?

Studies have found that those with psychological disorders are more likely to be a victim of crime than those without a psychological disorder.

Which of the following is TRUE about ADHD?

The majority of ADHD cases are boys.

A large-scale World Health Organization (2004) study—based on 90-minute interviews of 60,463 people—estimated the number of prior-year mental disorders in 20 countries. Which country had the highest rate of diagnosed psychological disorders?

United States

An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by:

a biopsychosocial approach.

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of:

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of:

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

After study participants were told that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases like "passive type" or "frightened of his own impulses." This study best illustrates the:

biasing power of diagnostic labels.

The approach to understanding and classifying psychological disorders that most seeks to minimize stigma for the afflicted is the _____.

biopsychosocial approach

Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a:

biopsychosocial model.

DSM-5 provides mental health professionals with:

both a common language for labeling psychological disorders and comprehensive guidelines for diagnosing them.

Which of the following was the highest reported psychological disorder in the United States in 2008?

depressive disorders

David Rosenhan and colleagues conducted a study examining the biasing power of diagnostic labels. They went to psychiatric hospital admissions offices and complained of "hearing voices" that said the words "empty," "hollow," and "thud." This was the only complaint they reported and they displayed no other symptoms. They were all:

diagnosed as mentally ill and the causes for their disorders were "discovered."

Finn has been diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Which of the following problems might he be exhibiting?

fidgetiness, distractibility, and impulsiveness

George, a gay man who is not open about his sexual orientation in his work environment due to fear of discrimination, is likely to:

have greater risk for mental health problems due to social stigma.

Elsa is a 50-year-old teacher who is openly gay. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), Elsa's homosexuality is NOT classified as a(n) _____.

illness

Elsa is a 50-year-old teacher who is openly gay. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), Elsa's homosexuality:

is not classified as an illness.

A large pharmaceutical company is conducting a clinical trial for a new antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder. It is concerned with the efficacy and safety of the new medication. Its perspective is most aligned with the _____ model.

medical

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. Asylums have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals, where attempts are made to diagnose and cure people suffering from psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of the _____ model.

medical

Gena believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Gena believes in the _____ model of psychological disorders.

medical

Gena believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Gena believes in the _____________ model of psychological disorders.

medical

David Rosenhan and colleagues conducted a study examining the biasing power of diagnostic labels. They went to mental hospital admissions offices and complained of "hearing voices" saying empty, hollow, and thud. This was the only complaint they reported, and they displayed no other symptoms. They were all diagnosed as _____.

mentally ill

The DSM-5 added many new psychological disorders to its list. A criticism of this change was that:

psychiatrists may be over-extending the bounds of normality and labeling normal behavior as a disorder.

If a person exhibits persistently maladaptive thoughts, feelings, and actions, the person may have a(n) _____ disorder.

psychological

Mark has attempted suicide twice in the last year. He hears voices, has disturbed emotions, and his behavior is very bizarre and erratic. Mark is likely to be diagnosed with a type of ______ disorder.

psychological

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from _____ phobia in 2008 was 6.8 percent.

social

The medical model, one of the two models currently in use for understanding and treating psychological disorders, uses medical terms. Which of the following is NOT a term from the medical model?

social stressors

Gregory is an impoverished African-American teen who finds school stressful but performs at a moderate level academically. He has no relationship with his father but a close relationship with his mother and grandmother. Which of these factors most increases his vulnerability to developing a mental disorder?

socioeconomic status (SES)

What is the most likely trigger for the few people with psychological disorders who do commit violent acts?

substance abuse

According to one study cited in the text, immigrants to _____ from Mexico, Africa, and Asia average better mental health than their native counterparts.

the United States

One of the strengths of the biopsychosocial model, in comparison to the medical model, is that the biopsychosocial model incorporates _____ into an understanding of psychological disorders.

the effect of culture

ne of the ways one knows that many different biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors impact the development is through studies of _____.

twins