Molecular Biology Chapters 1, 2, & 3
Which of the following is a carboxyl group?
-COOH
Organisms that are prokaryotes are in the domains
Bacteria and Archaea
The term amphipathic describes the characteristic of some molecules that have _____.
Both a polar and a nonpolar region
Which of the following options best depicts the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular compound?
DNA→RNA→protein
____ is the process of analyzing the DNA sequence of an organism's genome
Genotype
A few water molecules can break apart into ions ____.
H+/OH-
Water molecules stick to other water molecules because _____.
Hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of the other water molecules
Hydrocarbon are carbon- and hydrogen-containing molecules that are:
Hydrophobic
___ are genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene by speciation, but the retain the same function in the course of evolution
Ortholog
Which of the following is not a possible noncovalent interaction?
Polar covalent bonding
Which of the following particles is found in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
Alcohol has functional group structures as:
R-OH
If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence ATTGCAT, it's complementary strand will have the sequence:
TAACGTA
Which of the following features characterizes the lytic cycle of a viral infection?
The cycle typically leads to the lysis of the host cell
Which of the following statements regarding triglyceride molecules is false?
Triglycerides are part of a signal pathway.
If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence ATTGCAT, it's complementary mRNA strand will have the sequence:
UAACGUA
You've made a hot drink by dissolving a teaspoon of instant coffee and a teaspoon of sugar in a cup of hot water. Which of the following statements is true?
You've just prepared an aqueous solution
Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called
a mutation
A newly synthesized protein generally folds up into a (a)____ conformation. All the information required to determine a protein's conformation is contained in its amino acid (b)____. On being heated, a protein molecule will become (c)____. as a result of breakage of (d)____ bonds. On removal of urea, an unfolded protein can become (e)_____. The final folded conformation adopted by a protein is that of (f)____ energy.
a. stable b. sequence c. denatured d. noncovalent e. renatured f. lowest
Organic compounds ____
always contain carbon
The following functional group is ____ group. H H -+----N - H H H
amine
The following figure is the general formula of which of below monomers:
amino acid
Which of the following is not an activated monomer?
amino acid
Which of the following has the greatest number of glycosidic bonds?
amylose
The hydrogen bonds shown in this figure are each.
between an oxygen and a hydrogen atom of different water molecules.
Which one of the following biological polymers is mismatched with its monomer?
cellulose-amino acid
The tendency of water molecules to stick together is referred to as ____.
cohesion
Which of the following is not a feature commonly observed in 𝜷 sheets?
coiled-coil patterns
A(n) _______ forms when two atoms share electrons.
covalent bond
A radioactive isotope is an isotope that _____.
decays
Which one of the following would be correctly classified as a protein?
enzymes
Which of the following is not a polysaccharide?
extension
Hydrogen bonding in ice produces a very close structure compared to liquid.
false
I ask you to look into your microscope to see a prokaryotic cell. You will be looking for a cell that
has a membrane
Which of the following is not a characteristic of DNA?
has ribose
To which of the following classes of sugars does glucose belong?
hexose
Water's surface tension and heat storage capacity is accounted for by its
hydrogen bonds
Monomers are removed from polymers by ____ reactions
hydrolysis
The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by
hydrolysis
Electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in the same way that
insects fly around a bright lamp at night
Which of the following is NOT a feature COMMONLY observed in 𝛼 helices?
left-handedness
Peptide bonds
line amino acids
Which of the following is not soluble in water?
lipids
The ___ carries the codon and the ___ carries the anticodon.
mRNA...tRNA
A Hydrogen atom has one electron. How many covalent bonds can hydrogen form?
one covalent bond
Which of the following statements regarding the oxygen atom of a water molecule is true?
oxygen is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms
A major type of lipid found in cell membrane is
phospholipids
A subset of protein domains have been especially mobile during evolution, have particularly versatile structures, referred to as
protein modules
The major participants in translation and transcription are the following except one:
rRNA
Duplication of the DNA molecule is called:
replication
Which of the following chemical groups is not used to construct a DNA molecule?
six-carbon sugar
Which of the following substances is a lipid?
steroids
Which of the following is a disaccharide?
sucrose
DNA replication is semiconservative because the ___ strand will become half of the ___ molecule.
template...finished
Disulfide bonds are often found to stabilize which of the following levels of protein structure?
tertiary
The tertiary structure of a polypeptide refers to
the overall three-dimensional structure
The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called
transcription
A pH scale is used to describe whether a solution is acidic or basic.
true
DNA replication occurs in the 5'→3' direction
true
Gene expression is the process of duplication genes during DNA replication.
true
Radioactive isotope of an element has the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
true
The Golgi apparatus is made up of a series of membrane-enclosed compartments through which materials destined for secretion must pass.
true
Fatty acids with double bonds between some of their carbons are said to be
unsaturated
