Monday
Shell weighs 70 kilograms, which is _____ pounds
154
Water constitutes ________ percent of body weight.
50-70%
Which of the following is true about protein intake in the united states?
About 70% of protein we eat in the United States comes from animal products
Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and fluoride mainly serve as structural components of?
Bones and Teeth
Of the following minerals, daily requirements are highest for?
Calcium
Which of the following is not one of the six categories of Healthy People 2020: Nutrition and Weight Status Objectives?
Calcium Deficiency
Exceeding the UL for folate?
Can mask B-12 deficiency
Which of the following is not a characteristic of carbohydrates?
Contain more kilocalories than protein
Bone remodeling refers to?
Continual degradation and regeneration of bone
Overconsumption of vitamins A and E can do all the following except?
Cure colds and prevent cancer
Treating a protein with acid, hear, or agitation will cause ______, meaning that the three-dimensional structure of the protein has been altered.
Denaturation
The method for determining energy expenditure that involves the measurement of heat given off by the body during a select period of time in an insulated chamber is _____.
Direct calorimetry
What structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow?
Epiglottis
In the small intestine, the pancreas secretes ____ to digest triglycerides.
Lipase
Which of the following nutrients can directly supply energy for human use?
Lipids and oils
During rest and light activities, fatty acids are the main fuel for _____.
Muscles
The major fat-digesting enzyme is
Pancreatic lipase
What enzyme is released by the stomach to digest protein?
Pepsin
What substances, present in fruits and vegetables, provide significant health benefits such as reducing the risk of cancer?
Phytochemicals
All of the following are true of high-quality protein expect
Provides 7 kcal/g of energy
If a fat contains mostly saturated fatty acids, it is likely to be ______ at room temperature
Solid
To reduce their risk for many chronic diseases, Americans should limit their intakes of
Solid Fats
The reduce their risk for many chronic diseases, Americans should limit their intakes of
Solid fats
The major function of adipose tissues is to?
Store Triglycerides
When protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are metabolized and the energy I the molecule is?
Stored as fat
All of the following describe the fate of excess protein except.
Stored as muscle protein
Nutrition is
The science that links food to health and disease
Cell membranes are susceptible to damage by free radicals because
They are composed primarily of polyunsaturated fatty acids
Which of the following is true about the absorption, transport, and storage of fat-soluble vitamins?
They are stored in the liver and fatty tissue.
The vitamin required specifically in carbohydrate metabolism is ________.
Thiamin
Which hormone functions in the regulation of the body's metabolic rate?
Thyroid Hormone
Lycopene is found in?
Tomatoes
Minerals are classified in which way?
Trace minerals are needed in amounts of 100 mg per day or less
Medical conditions related to metabolic syndrome are
Type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and stroke.
When buying a vitamin or mineral supplement, look for ________ on the label, which signifies that an independent group of scientists has reviewed the product for purity, strength, and quality.
USP
Of the following methods of estimating body composition, which is most accurate?
Under water weighing
________ is a water-soluble vitamin that is especially important in amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and the synthesis of the heme portion of hemoglobin.
Vitamin B-6
Which class of nutrients comprises 60% of body weight?
Water
Vitamin B-12 is supplied almost entirely by?
animal products
Vitamin E functions as?
antioxidant
Limiting dietary intake of sodium will ____ urine production.
decreases
Vitamin K is required for optimal bone health due to its role in activating?
proteins that bind calcium
Excessive intake of ______ can decrease absorption of ______.
zinc and copper
The World Health Organization recommends limiting added sugar intake to ________ percent of our total kilocalories.
10
Bill consumes 2,500 kilocalories per day. What would be his energy expenditure, in kilocalories, from the thermic effect of food?
125 to 250
Hypertension is defined as a systolic/diastolic blood pressure at or above ________ mm Hg.
140/90
Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, released in 2008, advise a minimum of ___?_____ minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity for adults.
150
Megadoses are defined as vitamin intakes ________ times the estimated human needs to prevent a deficiency.
2 to 10
Adult women need how much total water intake per day?
2.7 liters (11 cups)
A serving of bleu cheese dressing containing 23 grams of fat would yield __?______ kilocalories from fat.
207
When attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ________ for men warrants an obesity diagnosis.
24%
A reasonable and recommended goal for daily dietary fiber intake is how many grams?
25 to 38
For a woman who is 1.63 meters tall and weighs 72 kilograms, the body mass index would be?
27
When attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ________ for women warrants an obesity diagnosis.
37%
A meal providing 1,200 kilocalories contain 13 grams of saturated fat. 10 grams of monosaturated fat, and 27 grams of polyunsaturated fat. This meal provides ______ % of total kcal as fat.
37.5%
Joe is a wrestler and during his workouts he loses 2 pounds. How much water would he have to drink to replenish this water weight loss?
4-6
A meal consisting of a cheeseburger, large fries, and a chocolate shake provides a total of 1,120 kilocalories. Forty-eight percent of the energy in the meal is from carbohydrate and 13 percent is from protein. How many kilocalories of fat does the meal contain?
437
After an intense workout, Christa's weight was down 3 pounds. To rehydrate adequately, Christa should drink ________ cups of water over the next hour or two.
6-9 cups
A liter of perspiration lost by the body represents ________ kilocalories.
600
Sucralose (Splenda®) is ________ times sweeter than sucrose.
600
How many grams of protein are needed per day by a female, weighting 120 pounds and exercises (assume her protein need is 1.2 g/kg).
65 grams
Jack weighs 185 pounds. What would be his RDA for protein (assume he is sedentary)?
67 grams
A rise from 98.6° to 99.6°F, results in a ________% rise in basal metabolic rate.
7%
What percentage of a meal has been absorbed by the time it leaves the small intestine?
95%
By law, which of the following food items must display a nutrition facts label?
A box of granola bar
If you wanted to add significant quantities of vitamins to your diet from the food you eat, a good choice would be?
A fortified breakfast cereal such as total raisin bran
The term "Daily Values" on a food label refers to?
A generic standard set at or close to the highest RDA value or related nutrient standard
Nutrient density can be defined as the amount of ?
A particular nutrient in a serving of food divided by the numbers of kcalories in that serving.
Which absorptive process in the small intestine requires a carrier and energy to transport nutrients into absorptive cells?
Active Absorption
The expenditure of energy to produce heat in response to a cold environment and as a result of overfeeding is called ________.
Adaptive thermogenesis
Which of the following is not a class essential nutrient?
Alcohol
Which of the following includes all energy-yielding substances?
Alcohol, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
Blood calcium concentration is regulated at the level of the.
All of these choices are correct
The basic building block of a protein is called a(n)
Amino acids
The "Freshmen 15" is the term used to describe the
Amount of weight (in pounds) typically gained during freshman year of college
For which of the following people are sports drinks with electrolytes most appropriate?
An athlete who competes in a marathon
Which of the following accurately describes the term hypothesis?
An educated guess by a scientist to explain a phenomenon
Amylase is
An enzyme that digests starch.
All of the following are accurate description of cholesterol except?
An essential nutrient
________ obesity is a pattern of body fat distribution that is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension.
Android
Measurements of height, weight, body circumferences, and body fat are called?
Anthropometry
Adequate Intakes (AI)?
Are established for nutrients for which there s not enough information to set RDAs
Which of the following is not a characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Arises most commonly in adulthood
Body weight in kilograms divided by height squared in meters yields.
BMI
The name for minimum energy expended to keep a resting, awake body alive is ____. This represents about 60% to 75% of total energy expenditure.
Basal metabolism
Minerals can
Become part of the body structural systems
Which of the following does not describe a function of fat?
Best source of energy for the brain
Which of the following substances is primarily involved in the emulsification of fat to facilitate its digestion?
Bile
B vitamins have high ________ which means that, typically, about 50% to 90% of the B vitamins in the diet are absorbed.
Bioavailability
Missy visits a doctor because she feels tired most of the time, is easily distracted, and feels chilled. As part of her examination, Missy has blood drawn to be tested for concentrations of nutrients and their by-products. This part of the examination is the
Biochemical Evaluation
The glycemic index (GI) is a measurement of how a carbohydrate-containing food raises
Blood glucose
Which of the following is not a way to estimate body fat?
Body mass index (BMI)
High doses of vitamin D may cause?
Calcium deposits in the kidneys and other organs
The essential nutrients
Cannot be made by the body and therefore must be consumed to maintain health
Which of the following is true about carbohydrate digestion?
Carbohydrate digestion is assisted by cooking, which softens tough skins.
1. Certain nutrients provide us with energy. Some are important for growth and development. Others act to keep body functions running smoothly. Which of the following nutrients does not promote growth and development as its primary function?
Carbohydrates
Fiber belongs to the class of nutrients known as
Carbohydrates
____ are lipoproteins made of dietary fat surrounded by a shell of cholesterol, phospholipids and proteins that acts to transport absorbed fat.
Chylomicrons
Vitamin C contributes to bone health by virtue of its role in?
Collagen synthesis
Dietary fiber may play a role in the prevention of ________ cancer.
Colon
Phospholipids differ from triglycerides in which of the following ways?
Compound containing phosphorus replaces at least one fatty acid.
Which statement best describes nutrient density?
Consume food that have the most nutrients when compared to their kilocalories
Jeff, a world-class triathlete, visits a dietitian to obtain sports nutrition advice. During his visit, Jeff is asked to recall what he ate for the past 24 hours. Which part of a nutritional assessment is this?
Dietary Assessment
Low fiber intake can cause constipation and force parts of the large intestine wall out from between the surrounding bands of muscle, forming many small pouches called
Diverticula
which of the following is true about the way we should eat to achieve good nutritional status?
Eat a wide variety of foods because no single natural food meets all human nutrient needs.
Constipation can best be prevented by
Eating dietary fiber
John Fibernugget wants to increase his fiber intake. Which of the following would be the safest way for him do this?
Eating more fruits and vegetables and not removing the edible peels
Timothy wants to avoid eating too much trans-fat. All of the following are appropriate ways except?
Eating packaged cookies and desserts made with vegetable shortening
Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamins?
Enable chemical processes in the body
All of the following contribute to total energy expenditure except _____.
Energy content of food
Functions of chloride include all of the following except?
Enzyme activation
EER refers to?
Estimated Energy Requirement, which is estimated calorie needs for the average person of a specific height, weight, age, gender, and physical activity pattern.
Water regulates body temperature through heat loss via
Evaporation
Which of the following does not describe fat-soluble vitamins?
Excesses are excreted in the urine
Bottled water is regulated by
FDA
Coconut milk is not a good dairy substitute because of its high ________ content and relatively low ________ and ________ contents.
Fat, calcium, vitamin D
Gram for gram, which provides the most energy?
Fats
Most fats in foods and the body are composed of?
Fatty acids and glycerol
Triglycerides are compose of
Fatty acids and glycerol
If the intracellular concentration of ions is greater than the extracellular concentration of ions, which will happen in order to maintain balance?
Fluid will move into the cell
Bottled water is often lower in ________ than municipal tap water.
Fluoride
The mineral that gives hardness to teeth and bones is?
Fluoride
The vitamin content of foods is diminished by all of the following except _____.
Freezing
In passive absorption, nutrients enter the cell
From an area of higher solute concentration to one of lower concentration.
The monosaccharides important in nutrition are fructose, glucose, and ________.
Galactose
A recurrent and serious form of heartburn is called
Gastroesophageal reflux disease.
The red blood cells and brain are two body tissues that derive most of their energy from ________.
Glucose
________ is the major monosaccharide found in the body.
Glucose
Manganese is required as a cofactor for synthesis of ________ and metabolism of some ________.
Glucose, Amino Acids
Two tablespoons (tbsp) of salad dressing, peanut butter, or margarine is about the size of a?
Golf Ball
Cardiovascular disease risk factors include all of the follow except?
HDL Cholesterol > 40 mg/dl
Which of the following is the leading nutrition-related cause of death in the United States?
Heart Disease
A ________ is usually more accurate at estimating the number of calories you burn during a workout than are calorie estimators on cardio machines.
Heart rate monitor
A kilocalorie is a measure of?
Heat energy
Which statement about vitamins is true?
Help regulate chemical reactions in the body
Which of the following is not a metabolic syndrome risk indicator?
High HDL Cholesterol
Triglycerides in food are said to have satiety value primarily because?
High in kcal
Insulin is one example of a protein that acts as ______.
Hormone
Most plant proteins do not match our needs for essential amino acids and therefore as called ______ proteins
Incomplete
Consumption of a diet high in salt by a healthy individual will?
Increase urinary excretion of sodium
A protein that acts as a hormone is?
Insulin
Potassium and phosphate are major _____ electrolytes
Intracellular
The amount of water in each body compartment mainly is controlled by?
Ion Concentration
Which of the following is an example of a trace mineral
Iron
Which of the following statements is true about iron?
Iron deficiency anemia is found among young children, adolescents, and menstruation women.
Which of the following is true about fat?
It is a concentrated source of calories
What is magnesium's primary function?
It is important for nerve and heart functions
Potassium and phosphate perform all the following functions except
It maintains the ability to see at night
Which of the following is not characteristic of a fad diet?
It uses scientific evidence, presenting pros and cons
All the following are characteristics of vitamin D except ____.
Its synthesis is enhanced by use of sunscreen
Chronic dehydration increases a man's risk of developing?
Kidney Stone
In general, excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins are excreted via the ____.
Kidneys
Which of the following is not considered part of the GI tract?
Kidneys
Milk sugar is known as ________.
Lactose
The disaccharides important in nutrition are sucrose, maltose, and ________.
Lactose
Which of the following is a rich source of cholesterol
Lard
The combination of plant foods that most often is used to provide complete protein is?
Legumes and grains
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend which of the following?
Limit calories from saturated fats and added sugars
Most lipids are transported n the blood as part of a structure called a(n)
Lipoprotein
Which of the following body organs produces bile?
Liver
Which of the following organs serves as a storage depot for many vitamins and minerals?
Liver
Compared to whole grain products, refined grains are _______ in trace
Lowers
Mucus, saliva, and synovial (joint) fluid exemplify water's role as a?
Lubricant
Android obesity is associated with a higher incidence of all the following except.
Lung Cancer
To which body part does blood travel to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide?
Lungs
After digestion and absorption, which circulatory system carries fat and fat-soluble vitamins?
Lymphatic
Which of the following is true about protein?
Made up combinations of approximately 20 amino acids.
________ is a major mineral important for nerve and heart function and is a cofactor for over 300 enzymes. It is a major constituent of bone and is found in whole grains and vegetables.
Magnesium
Which of the following is not true of carbohydrate absorption?
Maltose is transported through the portal vein to the liver.
Consumption of fatty fist at least twice a week is recommended to provide omega-3 fatty acids. However, some fish-especially swordfish, shark, kind mackerel, and tile fish- can be a source of ______, which is toxic in high amounts
Mercury
Which of the following is the best food source of riboflavin?
Milk
Which of the following is true about mineral bioavailability?
Minerals from animal products are better absorbed than those from plants.
The organelles that are known as the "power plants" or the "powerhouses" of the cell are the
Mitochondria
Before they can be absorbed, triglycerides muscle be broken down into?
Monoglycerides and fatty acids
The term "simple carbohydrates" refers to
Monosaccharides and disaccharides
Olive and canola oils contain a high percentage of _______ fatty acids.
Monosaturated
Which of the following describes a fatty acid that had one double bond?
Monosaturated
Which of the following is not a characteristic of protein?
Most significant energy source for humans
Where does digestion begin?
Mouth
When insulin is released, it causes
Muscle and fat cells to increase glucose uptake.
The major storage sites for glycogen are
Muscle and liver
Peristalsis refers to
Muscular movement of materials through the GI tract.
Maggie has anorexia nervosa and regularly starves herself, she is likely to be in a state of?
Negative protein balance
A saturated fatty acid contains
No double bonds
All of the following describe the characteristics of fat cells except
Number of fat cells decreases when fat is lost from body
Which of the following is true about the intake of vitamins?
Occasional lapses in vitamin intake should cause no harm
Calcium absorption is increased by all of the following except?
Old Age
One cup of apple juice has 111 kilocalories and 1.4 mg of vitamin C. The same serving size of orange juice has 112 kilocalories and 124 mg of vitamin C. Which of the following is true regarding their nutrient density?
Orange juice is more nutrient dense for vitamin C than apple juice.
Kate consumes 1,900 kilocalories each day. She requires 1,750 kilocalories to meet daily energy needs. Over time, Kate's kilocalorie consumption could lead to?
Overnutrition
The major fat-digestion enzyme is?
Pancreatic lipase
Which statement best describes the healthful diet principle of moderation?
Pay attention to portion size and plan your entire day's diet so that you don't overconsume nutrient sources
In proteins, amino acids are joined by ____ bonds.
Peptide
The muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract are called
Peristalsis
The process that plants use to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of the sun's heat and light is called
Photosynthesis
All of the following must be supplied by the diet to support the chemical processes of human physiology except
Phytochemicals
Ann Miles, a triathlete, wants to eat a health-promoting diet and achieve dietary adequacy. Which of the following behaviors exemplifies the concept of dietary moderation?
Plan to eat something relatively low in fat and sodium for dinner if she has a breakfast that was high in fat and sodium
Which of the following yield greater than 4 kilocalories per gram?
Plant Fats
Fluid balance is dependent on?
Potassium
What is one function of the pyloric sphincter?
Prevents intestinal contents from backing up into the stomach
The function of thick mucus in the stomach is to
Protect stomach cells from acid and enzymes.
According to MyPlate, eggs belong in the ___?_____ group.
Protein
Antibodies are?
Proteins
You are on a diet and eating less than 50 grams of carbohydrate per day. The claim made in the diet educational materials is that carbohydrate is the main culprit in being overweight, so it must be restricted. Which of the following will happen as a result of this low carbohydrate diet?
Proteins in muscles, heart, and other vital organs will be broken down into amino acids to make needed glucose, over time weakening the muscles and organs.
Which of the following is not true about water?
Provides energy
The acronym RDA stands for?
Recommend dietary allowance
For prevention of osteoporosis, strength training is?
Recommended because the stress on bones stimulates bone maintenance
The Dietary Guidelines emphasize?
Reduction of total calories, sugar-sweetened beverages, saturated fat, and sodium
The thermic effect of food?
Represents the calories needed to digest, absorb, and process ingested food
The major source of chloride in a diet is
Salt
The majority dietary factor to be concerned about in relation to heart disease is?
Saturated Fat
The Dietary Guidelines recommend limiting intake of ____?____ to less than 10% of calories.
Saturated Fatty Acids
How would you interpret the body mass index for a woman who is 1.63 meters tall and weighs 72 kilograms?
She slightly exceeds the value at which health risks begin.
Symptoms of dehydration include all of the following except?
Slowed heart rate
Most chemical digestion takes place in the
Small Intestine
About 95% of Americans exceed the Upper Level for?
Sodium
Aldosterone signals the kidneys to conserve?
Sodium
Softening of hard water may increase its ________ content.
Sodium
The two most significant extracellular ions are
Sodium and Chloride
Which of the following is characteristic of lipids?
Supply a concentrated form of fuel for the body
The main function of glucose is to
Supply energy
All of the following are functions of protein except to?
Supply more than 40% kcal in diet
A major source of iodide in the North American diet is?
Table Salt
In order to make healthful and logical nutrition decisions, beware of
Testimonials about personal experience
1. Which of the following is not required on a nutrition label?
The amount per serving of all vitamins and minerals for which there is an RDA
Thermogenesis refers to all of the following except?
The energy you require during sleep at night
All of the following are characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus except
The least common form of diabetes.
If a person does not eat enough carbohydrates to supply glucose the body needs, which of the following will happen?
The liver will convert amino acids to glucose
The Mediterranean Diet Pyramid patterns dietary data from parts of the Mediterranean region that enjoy ?
The lowest recorded rates of chronic diseases
Which of the following is not true of dietary fibers?
They are absorbed in the large intestine.
Which of the following statements does not describe the role of minerals in the body?
They provide 4 kilocalories per gram
High protein diets may be harmful for who
Those with kidney Disease
The body stores excess protein as?
Triglycerides
A good suggestion for heart-healthy eating is to?
Trim fat before cooking
Vitamin content of fruits and vegetables is preserved by all of the following methods except?
Trimming and peeling fruits and vegetables soon after purchase
The best zinc source is?
Turkey
A disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of
Two monosaccharides
The American Institute for Cancer Research promotes "The New American Plate," which includes plant-based foods covering _________ of the plate and meat, fish, poultry, or low-fat diary covering _______ of the plate.
Two thirds (or more); Only on third (or less)
Composed primarily of water, metabolic wastes, and minerals, the body major waste products is
Urine
For a healthy adult, the largest percentage of daily water output is attributed to
Urine
A vegetarian who eats only plant foods is a(n)?
Vegan
______ are synthesized by the liver to transport fat to the rest of the body.
Very low-density lipoprotein
________ is a fat-soluble, antioxidant vitamin that protects cell membranes, especially of red blood cells, from damage.
Vitamin E
The nutrient essential for synthesis of several blood clotting factors is?
Vitamin K
A function of the large intestine is to absorb
Water and minerals
Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins differ in which way?
Water soluble are less likely to be toxic
Metabolic water refers to
Water that is formed as a byproduct of the breakdown of macronutrients for energy
When individuals lose weight quickly, most of the weight lost is from?
Water, glycogen, and muscle tissue
Transmission of nerve impulses relies on the concentrations of ________ in the neuron.
sodium and potassium
Altering the environment to minimize the stimuli for eating is called?
stimulus control
The energy expended to digest, absorb, and further process nutrients in food is called the ________ of food. This equals approximately 5% to 10% of energy intake.
thermic effect