Motor Tasks, Environments, and Range of Motion
Closed environment
An environment with minimal distractions and predictable conditions, like walking in an empty hallway
Open environment
An environment with moving objects or people, where the individual reacts to external stimuli, like walking in a crowd
Part practice
Breaking down a task into separate pieces, effective in the beginning stages of learning
Stages of motor learning
Cognitive (figuring out what to do), associative (fine-tuning and efficiency), autonomous (movements become automatic)
Whole practice
Completing a task from start to finish, more effective for learning continuous skills
Feedback
Intrinsic (self-correction) or augmented (external feedback), including knowledge of performance and results
Benefits of functional patterning
Modelling ROM activities in different ways to help patients realize the purpose and value of exercises, and assist in teaching daily living activities
Active Assisted Range of Motion (AAROM)
Motion produced by a combination of external forces and active muscle contraction, aiding in ROM after muscle reaches its limit
Active Range of Motion (AROM)
Motion produced by active muscle contraction, providing information on willingness to move and level of coordination
Passive Range of Motion (PROM)
Motion produced by an external force, beneficial for joint mobility, circulation, and proprioception
CPT code 97112
Neuromuscular re-education for movements, coordination, balance, kinesthetic sense, posture, and proprioception
Continuous Passive Motion (CPM)
Passive motion performed by a mechanical device to prevent adhesions, enhance healing, and increase synovial fluid lubrication
Self-Assisted Range of Motion (S-AROM)
Patient uses other extremities to assist in meeting full range, beneficial for maintaining elasticity and improving circulation
Application of PROM
Performing ROM only through pain-free range without tissue resistance, transitioning from passive to active
Continuous motor tasks
Repetitive tasks with no well-defined beginning or end, such as going upstairs or jogging around a track
Precautions/Contraindications to ROM
Specific precautions and contraindications to be followed based on the patient's response, condition, and healing process
Serial motor tasks
Tasks that happen in a sequence, such as hammering a nail or eating with a fork
Discrete motor tasks
Tasks with a recognizable beginning and end, such as grasping an object or kicking a ball
Intertrial variability
The presence of unpredictable conditions or demands, leading to increased task complexity and manipulation of objects
CPT code 97530
Therapeutic activity focusing on increasing functional abilities
CPT code 97110
Therapeutic exercise for developing strength, endurance, range of motion, and flexibility