MPC
What is digitization?
Information in analog form (such as texts or pictures) that is translated into binary code- as series of ones and zeros that can be encoded in software and transmitted between computers
Define newsworthy
Information that merits transformation into news stories
What are wikis?
Informative web sites that anyone can edit and contribute to
Phishing?
Internet identity theft
What is instant messaging?
Invented in the late 1990's it was a service that allowed users to assemble personalized "buddy lists" of friends, build personal profiles and chat in real time with any of their buddies online.
Who were lobbyists?
Professionals who seeks to influence lawmakers' votes- to gain federal subsidies and establish policies that made it harder for smaller regional lines to compete.
In the marketing world of Product, Price, Place and Promotion, advertising resides as a subset of
Promotion
True or False
Public service announcements are usually 15 second to 60 second audio or video reports that promote government programs, educational projects, volunteer agencies or social reform ? TRUE
Who invented email?
Ray Tomlinson of BBN invented it to help researcher's communicate
Which of the following refers to the process of attempting to influence lawmakers to support a client's or an organization's best interests?
lobbying
In advertising, ________ choose and purchase the types of media that are best suited to help a client's ads reach the targeted audience
media buyers
How far back can electronic gaming trace its origins?
penny arcades in the 1880s
The "top three" media-related inventions that some experts say had the biggest impact on society were
printing press-radio transmitter-Internet
Video news releases are
produced by PR agencies and companies for use in TV newscasts
The sound bite in a TV news report is the equivalent of a _________ in a newspaper story.
quote
The claim that PR encourages reporter laziness is based on PR firms that
supply information that reporters can easily turn into stories
One form of media convergence is
the use of digital technology to access different forms of traditional media.
Appropriating a writer's or an artist's words, images, or music without consent or payment is a form of expression not protected as speech under the First Amendment.
true
Google, Bing, and Yahoo! have quietly morphed into online advertising companies.
true
The Supreme Court has defined censorship as prior restraint
true
VALS research for advertising refers to
values and lifestyles.
User-created content on the Web includes which of the following phenomena?
wiki Web sites
What is Burger King's connection to the electronic game industry
it sold advergames for Xbox
Which of the following is a characteristic of public journalism?
journalists not only criticizing communities but trying to improve them
According to the Entertainment Software Association, in 2012 consumers spent roughly what amount in video games, hardware and accessories
$20 billion
Spyware?
Information gathering software that's often secretly bundled with free downloaded software and that sends pop-up ads to users' computer screens
True or false?
Planners coordinate market research to assess consumer behaviors and attitudes by studying demographic and psychographics TRUE
What was the first commercially successful video game?
Pong by Atari
Media organizations wrestled with ethical issues of race and diversity in the Trayvon Martin case
True
Newspapers are not required by law to give individuals an opportunity to reply to an editorial attack.
True
P. T. Barnum used gross exaggeration, fraudulent stories, and staged events to secure newspaper coverage for his clients, his American Museum, and his circus
True
Pinball was originally banned in most American cities because it was considered similar to gambling
True
Product placement is a significant revenue stream in video games.
True
When was the internet created and what was it?
1950's. It was a government-sponsored technology enabling military and academic researchers in different locations to share information and findings by computer
Some older games remain popular even though their graphics are not as advanced as those of modern games
True
When did the internet become a mass medium?
1990s
The Web is a participatory medium in which anyone can be involved
True
The three-quarters game perspective is most popular in Asia
True
How would you compare the cost of creating and launching a major new electronic game to that of making and promoting a movie?
About the same
What is prior restraint?
Censorship that means the courts and governments cannot block any publication or speech before it actually occurs.
The hidden fear appeal?
A campaign plays on consumers' sense of insecurity. Deoderant, mouthwash and shampoo ads often tap into people's fears of having embarrassing personal hygiene problems if they don't use the suggested product
What is ARPAnet?
A computer network known as the original network. Created in 1958, the U.S Defense Department's Advanced Research Projects Agency
What is the Action for Children's Television group?
A group that works to limit advertising aimed at children
What is the authoritarian model?
A model in which critics of government and public dissent are not tolerated, especially if such speech undermines "the common good" an ideal that elites and rulers defined
Who was Phineas Taylor Barnum?
A press agent who used gross exaggeration, fraudulent stories and staged events to secure newspaper coverage for his clients.
What is Plain folks pitch?
A product is associated with simplicity
What is famous person testimonial?
A product is endorsed by a well-known person
What is subliminal advertising?
A tactic in which TV ads supposedule use hidden or disguised print and visual messages (often related to sex, like the shape of a woman's body in an ice cube for a vodka ad) that allegedly register only in viewers' subconscious minds, fooling them into buying products they don't need.
What is publicity?
A type of PR communication that uses various media messages to spread information and interest about a person, a corporation, an issue or a policy
MapQuest, ICQ, CitySearch, and Moviefone are all owned by
AOL
Bandwagon effect appeal ?
Ad claims that "Everyone" is using a particular product. Brands that refer to themselves as "America's favorite" or the "best-selling" imply that consumers will be left behind if they ignore these products
What is puffery in advertisements?
Ads that feature hyperbole and exaggeration- particularly when an ad describes a product as "new and improved"
True or False
Advertisements are not considered commercial speech FALSE
What was the children's television act of 1990?
An act that mandated that networks provide SOME educational and informational children's programming, but the act has been difficult to enforce and has done little to restrict advertising aimed at kids
What is snob appeal?
An ad attempts to persuade consumers that using a product will maintain or elevate their social status. Ex: jewelry, perfume, luxury cars use this appeal
The irritation advertising?
An ad creates product-name recognition by being annoying or obnoxious (loud car sales man yelling "UNBELIEVABLE BARGAINS!)
What is the categorical imperative ethical principle?
An idea that suggests that a society must adhere to moral codes that are universal and unconditional, applicable in all situations at all times
What is astroturf lobbying?
An unethical practice which consists of phony grassroots public-affairs campaigns engineered by unscrupulous public relations firms. Through this type of lobbying, PR firms deploy blogs, social media campaigns, massive phone banks and computerized mailing lists to drum up support and create impression that millions of citizens back their client's side of an issue
What are press releases?
Announcements written in the style of news reports that provide new information about an individual, a company, or an organization, now typically issued via e-mail.
Who was William F. Cody?
Another notorious publicity hound who used traveling show "buffalo Bill's Wild West and Congress of Rough Riders of the World" to promote himself.
What are pseudo events?
Any circumstances that are created for the sole purpose of gaining coverage in the media. Pseudo events may take the form of press conferences, TV and radio talk-show appearances or any other staged activity aimed at drawing public attention and media coverage
What is the problem with wikis?
Anyone has access to publishing wikis and the information is not always accurate
What is responsible capitalism
Assumes that the purpose of business is not to maximize profits "but to create increased prosperity for all."
What does balance mean to a journalist?
Balance means presenting all sides of an issues without appearing to favor any one position
It was the end of a media era when this retailer announced recently that its remaining stores were closing
Blockbuster Video
Define propaganda?
Communication that is presented as advertising or publicity and that is intended to gain (or undermine) public support for a special issue, program or policy-such as a nation's war effort
Many PR professionals define "The public" as consisting of two distinct audiences, who?
Communities and Consumers
What is the World Wide Web?
Developed in the late 1980's by software engineer Tim Berners-Lee at the CERN. The web enabled users to access texts through clickable links rather than through difficult computer code.
What are consoles?
Devices people use specifically to play video games
When did visual design begin to play a more central role in advertising?
During the 1960's and 1970's
The world's largest independent PR firm whose web site we studied in class is
Edelman
What did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in 2011 about electronic games?
Electronic games had the same free-speech rights as books, plays, and movies
True or False
Exxon Valdez Oil was praised for the way that they handled to oil spill? FALSE critics believed that exxon was trying to duck responsibility by laying the burden of the crisis on the shoulders of the tanker's captain
Ad campaigns that resemble sitcoms don't work because we know they are trying to sell us something.
False
Most Web sites follow an "opt-in" data policy when collecting information from online consumers
False
The First Amendment specifically guarantees the right of commercial speech.
False
The Wii system lags in sales behind Xbox and PlayStation because gamers don't like to be physically active
False
The case of Richard Jewell and the 1996 Olympic Park bombing demonstrates that journalists should follow the ethical principle of "the greatest good for the greatest number."
False
The primary use of the Internet in the 1990s was social networking
False
Wikis are informative Web sites that are strictly controlled by professional editors
False
World Wide Web pioneer Timothy Berners-Lee made a fortune on his software
False
Yahoo! is a subsidiary of Google
False
What is Entertainment software rating board?
Founded by the gaming indsurty to institute a labeling system designed to inform parents of sexual and violent content that might not be suitable for younger players.
What are massively multiplayer online role playing games?
Games that are set in virtual worlds that require users to play through an avatar of their own design. ex: World of Warcraft.
What is deadheading?
Giving reporters free rail passes with the tacit understanding that they would write glowing reports about traveling by rail.
Examples of search engines?
Google, Yahoo, Bing
Which of the following is NOT a key trend online as we move from Web 2.0 to Web 3.0
Greatly increasing use of email
True or False
In order to gather information for a news story, journalists refuse to cross the line between "the public's right to know" and a person's right to privacy. FALSE they often straddle the line
Describe the social responsibility model?
It captures the ideals of mainstream journalism in the United states and most other democracies
What is commercial speech?
It is defined as any print or broadcast expression for which a fee is charged to organizations and individuals buying time or space in the mass media.
Who were the PR pioneers who realized that public relations needed to be more professional?
Ivy Ledbetter Lee and Edward Bernays
In class we discussed a book called Is the Internet Changing the Way You Think? The author is
John Brockman
True or false
Journalists generally believe that they are-and should be-neutral observers who present "facts" and information while subtly judging them: FALSE they believe they should provide information without judging them
What are mega agencies?
Large firms that are formed from the merging of several individual agencies and that maintain worldwide regional offices
One of the most successful video games discussed in class is celebrating its 25th year in 2013
Madden Football
What is situational ethics?
Making decisions on a case-by-case basis about how we can best serve the greater public good- even if doing so requires deception or dishonesty.
Who are the people who choose and purchase the types of media that are best suited to carry a client's ads and reach the targeted audience?
Media buyers
The owner of the XBox One is
Microsoft
Who dominates the software industry?
Microsoft
True or False
Modern print journalism often relies on outside sources: TRUE
The short video shown in class about the 75th anniversary of the War of the Worlds broadcast was on the web channel
Now this News
What are penny arcades?
Penny arcades began in the 1880's and were a series of coin-operated contraptions that offered video games and were found in public places
Who were press agents?
People who conveyed favorable messages to the public about their clients, often by staging stunts that reporters described in newspapers
Appeals of online fantasy sports?
Reach mass audiences with a major social component that allows players to interact with other people to create teams and use actual sports results. These games make people more interested in the actual real- life sports
What is pack journalism?
Reporters desperate for material stake out someone's house, chase celebrities in herds or packs, or follow a story with such unoriginal single mindedness that the entire profession seems to lose its bearings
What is it called when when agencies inundate a variety of media with ads aimed at target audiences?
Saturation advertising
What was introduced in 1999 as a multiplayer social activity?
Sega Dreamcast, the first console to feature a build in modem that was played online. It didn't last but online connections are now a normal part of console video games
Viral Marketing?
Short videos or other forms of content that they hope will swiftly capture an ever-widening circle of attention as users share the content with friends online or by word of mouth
What is a conflict of interest?
Situations in which journalists may stand to benefit personally from producing a story or from presenting the subject in a certain light
What are boutique agencies?
Smaller companies that devote their talents to just a handful of select clients.
Browsers?
Software applications that help users navigate the Web-brought the web to mass audiences for the first time.
In what country are professional electronic gamers highly esteemed celebrities?
South Korea
Who are individuals that purchase space in newspapers and then sell it to various merchants?
Space brokers
What did Ashton Kutcher's experience with Twitter illustrate about public relations?
Stars need professional help to manage Twitter
Intellectual properties?
Stories, characters, personalities and music that require licensing agreements
What is product placement?
Strategically placing ads or buying space in movies, TV shows, comic books and video games so they appear as a part of a story's set environment
What is the most popular video game perspective in the United States?
The "First person" perspective where the player "sees" the virtual environment through the eyes of an avatar
An editor seeking balance in a news stories would be applying this classical ethical principle.
The Golden Mean
What is a sound bite?
The TV equivalent of a quote in print news, a sound bite is the part of abroadcast news report in which an expert, a celebrity, a victim or a "person on the street" responds to some aspect of an event or issue with a short, memorable comment.
E-commerce?
The buying and selling of products and services on the Internet
Digital divide?
The divide between the people who can afford to pay for the internet and those who cannot and lose out on information
Describe the libertarian model
The flip side of both the state and authoritarian models and an extension of the social responsibility model
What part transformed the pinball machine making it more challenging and paving the way for video games today?
The flipper is invented in 1947 by D.Gottlieb Company
What does the press function as?
The fourth estate, an unofficial branch of government that watches for abuses of power by the legislative, judicial and executive branches.
What is the state model?
The government controls the press and what it reports
What led to the introduction of the first personal computers?
The intro of microprocessors which were smaller, cheaper and more powerful than the bulky systems that had occupied entire floors of building during the 1960's.
True or false:
The marketing costs of launching an electronic game often equal or exceed to development costs? TRUE
Development budget?
The money spent designing, coding, scoring and testing a game- goes to paying talent, digital artists and game testers.
What is the cathode ray tube? (CRT)
The piece that provided the images for analog television and for early computers' display. This was in 1948 and the first video game patent
What are banner ads?
The print-like display ads that load across the top or side of a web page
What is news defined as?
The process of gathering information and making reports that use a narrative framework; that is, news reports tell stories
What is the primary source of revenue in the electronic gaming industry?
The sale of games and the consoles on which they can be played.
Define public relations
The total communication strategy conducted by a person, a government or an organization attempting to reach an audience and persuade it to adopt a point of view. PR helps an organization and its public adapt mutually to each other
What is political advertising?
The use of ad techniques to promote a candidate's image and persuade the public to adopt a particular viewpoint
What advantages do advertisers get from social media?
These sites create an unprecedented display of likes, dislikes, locations and other personal information; advertisers use such information to further refine their ability to send targeted ads
What do account executives do?
They are responsible for bringing in new business, manage relationships with established clients, market research, creative work and media planning done on their campaigns.
What are video news releases?
Thirty-to-ninety second visual press releases designed to mimic the style of a broadcast news report
What is the association principle?
Through this technique the agency associates a product with a positive cultural value or image- even if that value or image has little connection to the product.
Why do journalists desire to stay neutral
To reach as many readers and viewers as possible
According to the instructor, the media platforms today create a multi-screen world that media creators must address, ranging from smartphones to large display panel screens
True
Cookies are information profiles that allow a Web site owner to chart the computer user's movements within the Web site and collect other information about the user
True
HTML stands for "HyperText Markup Language
True
Many electronic games are purposefully designed to cultivate obsessive play
True
What advantage did personal computers hold over console gaming?
Versatility of keyboards, compared with the relatively simple early console controllers, allowed for ambitious puzzle solving games like Myst. They also had faster processing speeds that gave some computer games richer, more detailed three dimensional (3-D) graphics.
The famous CBS anchorman seen in both class video clips announcing that President Kennedy had died was
Walter Cronkite
What is ethnocentrism
When reporters judge other countries and cultures on the basis of how "They live up to or imitate American practices and values."
What is small-town pastorialism?
Where journalists tend to favor the small over the large and the rural over the urban.
Define Individualism
Where many reporters have been attracted to the journalism profession because it has tended toward or praised an individualistic, rugged tenacity for confronting and exposing corruption
True or False
Women, who constituted as much as 70 to 80 percent of newspaper and magazine readerships, controlled most household purchasing decisions? TRUE
What is New Game Journalism?
a personal journalism that takes readers inside the games
What is isometric perspective?
a perspective that enhances the sense of three-dimensionality
Herbert Gans studied the newsroom cultures of CBS, NBC, Newsweek, and Time during the 1970s. Which of the following is not one of the "enduring values" he identified within these newsroom cultures?
a preference for large-scale, urban settings—a focus on cities rather than rural communities
facebook is
a social networking site
What is Areopagitica?
an essay defending a free press
Brands that claim they are "America's favorite" are using a persuasive strategy called the
bandwagon effect
Talking Points Memo is a leading
blog
Account executives in ad agencies are primarily responsible for
bringing in new business
In the 1800s, America's largest railroads used press agents to
campaign for federal funding
The Pentagon Papers case involved which legal concern?
censorship
Since the 1970s, local TV newscasts have developed a similar look. That's because
consultants set the standard for what reporters should cover and how they should look and sound.
The long-term (beyond one year) trend in game consoles according to analysts mentioned class is
decline in sales
Along with patent medicine companies, another prominent newspaper advertiser in the 1890s was
department stores
According to expert Jean Kilbourne, images of women in advertising are more realistic these days following years of campaigning against use of photo editing techniques and underweight models in ad campaigns
false
BP CEO Tony Hayward provided one of the positive elements of the oil company's public relations efforts during the Gulf oil spill, serving as an effective spokesperson
false
Currently, both print journalists and broadcasters need federal licenses to operate their businesses.
false
Edward Bernays preferred to call himself a "publicity agent.
false
If a soon-to-be-released article seems to violate libel or obscenity laws, most U.S. courts would act to stop publication
false
It is harder for a private citizen to win a libel suit than it is for a public figure to win a libel suit
false
Media Codes of Ethics are not particularly concerned with reporters taking gifts or free travel
false
Students who quote and cite a copyrighted source in a term paper for class are technically violating the law.
false
The Internet in the United States is managed by the federal government and its backbone servers
false
Analysts mentioned in class believe Free to play (F2P) game sales will trend in which direction in the long term?
growth in sales and play
