MRTS 4430

managerial functions

(1) providing a system of organizational communication (2) procuring proper personnel (3) formulating and defining the purposes and objectives of the organization.

contributors of the human relations school

-Elton Mayo -Abraham Maslow -Frederick Herzberg -Douglas McGregor -William Ouchi

Moslow's Hierarchy of Needs

-physiological needs (Food, water, shelter clothing) - safety -social needs (belonging, acceptance) -esteem (feeing good about ones self) -self actualization (max. potential of one)

represent the classical school

-scientific management in the US -administrative management in France -Bureaucratic management in Germany

seven traits of an entrepreneur

-tenacity -passion -tolerance of ambiguity -vision -self-belief -flexibility -rule-breaking.

factors that complicate making ethical decisions

1. extended consequences 2.have many alternatives 3.have mixed outcomes 4.have uncertain consequences 5.have personal implications 6.ethical norms provide a means of making informed decisions.

Mary Parker Follet

1st to study ,the study of management, was this philosopher

golden mean

Aristotle. Avoid excess and extremes, seek moderation

electronic and digital media

used in this text to represent the radio, television, cable/satellite, telecommunications indus- tries, and Internet-based digital platforms such as social media.

Teleological Ethics

utilitarianism. Study of ethics concerned with actions or the consequences of making ethical decisions.

fayol

was a French theorist who specified the functions of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling referred to as the POC3 model. 1949

class D

—or local—stations are usually restricted to a local geo- graphical area and operate at levels of transmitter power even lower than that of the Class C stations.

5 ethical duties of mass media

1.duty to self 2.duty to the audience 3.duty to the employer 4.duty to professional collegues 5.duty to society.

7 ethical norms

1.the golden mean 2.the judo christian ethic 3.categorical imperative 4.utilitarianism 5.egalitarianism 6.relativism 7. social responsibility theory

regional Bell operating companies (RBOCs)

1982 American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T) settled a long-standing antitrust suit with the Department of Justice, resulting in the breakup of the ______________________ in 1984.

UHF (ultrahigh frequency)

70 channels (from 14 to 83) in the ___________.

non commercial

All stations assigned a frequency between 88.1 and 91.9 MHz operate as ?

Hawthorne Studies

Elton Mayo. The impact of illuminations/ lighting on worker productivity.

Theory Z (Ouchi, 1981)

Focuses on employee participation and individual development along with interpersonal relations between workers and managers. Management makes they key decisions in an Org., and a strong sense of authority must be maintained.

2006

HD radio debuted in ?

Categorical Imperative

Immanuel Kant. Act on those principles that can be applied universally. more concerned with the process than outcome.

Relativism

John Dewey + Bertrand Russel. Each individual determines his or her own course of ethical decisions as each encounters different situations. (Gave rise to the study of situational ethics). Whats best for one isn't the best for another.

Egalitarianism

John Rawis. Adopt a veil of ignorance when making ethical decisions. The veil will allow unbiased and impartial decisions.

Utilitarianism

John Stuart Mill. When faced with a moral decision, seek the solution that will bring the greatest happiness to the greatest number. Concerned with the outcome more than the process.

Bureaucratic Management

Max Weber. The use of hierarchy or bureaucracy would enable an organization to produce at its highest level.

Social responsibility theory

The Hutchins Commission. Journalist generally make decisions that serve society in a responsible manner. Decisions are made with good intentions.

strategic planning

The contemporary electronic and digital media management environment leans heavily on ______________ as an important management tool

10pm-6am

The current "safe harbor" when children may not be exposed to material on radio or television which might be considered "indecent" which was finally established in 1996 is between what time?

executive, middle

The facilitator function is most prominent at the ___________ and _____________ levels of management.

ABC, CBS, NBC

The three big networks.

Class A

_______ stations are the most powerful.

Class C

________ stations are best thought of as regional operations.

safety

__________ needs are satisfied only after the basic physiological needs are met.

Interpersonal, informational

__________ roles are concerned with leadership, while __________ roles address communication.

Frederick W. Taylor

a mechanical engineer by profession, is considered the father of scientific management. Contributions to best fit an employee to task.

Entrepreneurship

a person who organizes and manages any enterprise, especially a business, usually with considerable initiative and risk. (dictionary.com)

clearance

acceptance of network programming and advertising.

TV freeze

allowed the nascent industry to solve technical problems and create new geographical sta- tion assignments.

Veil of Ignorance

an individual can eliminate possible biases or discrimination and therefore treat all persons in an equal manner.

AM channels

are restricted to 10 kHz of channel space, which reduces signal quality. Signals are transmitted via amplitude modulation, that is, by varying the amplitude of the radio wave.

network owned and operated stations (O&Os)

are the most profitable TV stations in the world.

conceptual and financial

at the supervisory level technical skills are needed daily, while executives are likely to use ________________ skills more regularly.

VHF (very high frequency)

band of 12 channels (from 2 to 13).

radio

began in the 1920s

FM

between 88 and 108 megahertz (MHz).

Weber

called for a clear division of labor and management, a strong central authority, a system of seniority, strict discipline and control, clear policies and procedures, and careful selection of workers based primarily on technical qualifications.

lower-level managers

center on super- vising others and monitoring individual performance.

Microperspective

center on the individual rather than the organization

study of management

centered on practical measures, primarily improving the means of production and increasing productivity among workers.

PEG channels

channels for public, educational, and governmental use as part of their community franchise requirements.

Effectiveness

classical and human relations don't take into account the importance of ___________. They consider it a natural and expected outcome.

classical school of management

concentrated on ways to make organizations more productive.

Production

consists of the manufacture of both hardware and software for the electronic media.

management

defined as a process through which individuals work with and through other people to accomplish organizational objectives

process

describes a series of actions or events marked by change. Management considered this because of its ongoing state of operation.

theory X (McGregor)

emphasized the use of control tactics, threats, and even coercion to motivate employees.

telecommunications

enterprises engaged in communication-related activities involving the tele- phone, telegraph, data services, switching equipment, and terminal equipment.

ethos

ethics is derived from________ is concerned with basic questions about what is right and wrong. Involves character and conduct of individuals and institutions.

leadership

expected to provide a "moral compass" and exhibit strong ethical principles and integrity. Is multi- faceted and complex.

theory z

fails to recognize cultural differences between US and Japanese firms.

Peter Drucker

father of modern management theory, claimed that effectiveness is the foundation for success, more critical than efficiency.

5 areas of accountability

in order: 1. consumers (audience) 2.conscience 3.customers(advertisers) 4.community 5company

Software

includes such products as television and radio programs, sound recordings, and advertising messages

Hardware

includes television and radio receivers, satellite dishes, DVRs, video game consoles, set-top boxes, and mobile devices like smartphones and tablet devices.

Motivators (Herzberg)

involve aspects of he job such as recognition, achievement, responsibility, individual growth and development. (esteem, self actualization)

Media managers

involved in planning, organizing, motivating, and controlling, AND facilitating, communicating, and negotiating.

distribution

is concerned with getting content products to consumers.

Development

is concerned with new technological innovations.

normative ethics

is concerned with understanding which values are most relevant to society.

management

is continued to be defined as a process by which individuals work with and through other people to accomplish organi- zational objectives.

exhibition

is where the consumer uses and engages the product.

Hearst

major television groups operating in the United States include Sinclair, Gannett, Raycom Media, Tribune, and _________.

dynamic

management In the electronic media is not a static concept but a ____________, evolving process involving many responsibilities, leadership, and sense of entrepreneurship.

Theory Y (McGregor)

managers integrate the individual needs of the workers and the needs of an organization. Employees exercise self control and self direction and develop their own sense of responsibility.

frequency modulation

meaning the frequency of the radio wave is varied while transmitted. Stands for FM. 1970s.

clear channels

means they have exclusive rights to their assigned frequency beginning at sunset.

Top-level or executive managers

monitor the entire organizational environment, identifying internal and external factors that impact their operation.

AM

operating between 535 and 1,705 kilohertz (kHz)

Duopolies

or two stations owned by the same company.

Scientific Management

presented a systematic approach to the challenge of increasing production. Each part of the process receives careful scrutiny.

Scientific Management

proposed workers would be more productive if they received higher wages for their labor.

code of ethics

published statements, often presented as creeds of conduct for an organization and its members.

Henri Fayol

recognized that magnet principles must be flexible enough to accommodate changing circumstances. 14 principles (p.74)

Management skills

refer to the basic competencies needed by electronic media managers.

Management roles

refer to the different roles managers adopt as they interact with different constituencies, such as employees, owners, consumers, and peers.

Management functions

refer to the tasks that managers perform.

electronic and digital media

refers to the tradi- tional radio, television, cable/satellite, and telecommunications (telephone) industries—and "new media" like Internet sites and other digital platforms, including social media.

Deontological Ethics

reflect the work of Kant. Field of ethic concerned with the process of making decisions based on established principles.

Hygiene Factors (Herzberg)

represent the work environment. Not just technical or physical, include factors such as policies, procedures, supervision, wages, benefits, work itself. (physiological, safety, social)

financial, marketing, and entrepreneurial skills

skills crucial to successful electronic and digital media management

shield laws

state laws that protect journalists from having to reveal their sources

20th

study of management began near the start of this century.

Judeo-Christian ethics

the Bible. Respect and dignity for all persons.

program acquisition

the fees for copyrighted material, license fees, news services, and local productions are all negotiable in ?

Hawthorne effect

the impact of management attention on employee productivity. Recognized employees have social, physical, and monetary needs.

Media convergence

the integration of video, audio, the Internet, and computing systems, as well as distribution technologies

FM

the signals follow the curvature of the earth.

Maslow

theorized that employees have a series of needs that resemble a hierarchy. Managers may require diff techniques for diff people.

true

there is no universal code of ethics that exist in media. T/F?

Middle managers

typically plan and allocate resources and manage groups of people. Ex: General Sales Manager, who coordinates the activities