MS Exam 4

Hepatitis ___ -can be acute or chronic, incidence decreased with vaccine. DNA virus transmitted perintally, percutaneously, by small cuts on mucosal surfaces.and exposure to infectious blood, blood products or other body fluids.

B

What vitamins are important for the treatment of hepatitis A?

B and K

A nurse is teaching a client about the side effects of chemotherapy medication. Which of the following nursing statements should the nurse include in the teaching? "Most clients do not experience nausea." "Hair loss is common and includes eyebrows and eyelashes." "Most clients start to gain weight during their treatment." "Clients lose their hair, but it usually grows back nice and thick."

"Hair loss is common and includes eyebrows and eyelashes."

After radiation treatment, a client reports dryness, redness, and scaling of his skin occurring within the designated radiation treatment markings. The nurse should instruct the client to take which of the following actions? ​Apply hydrating lotions. ​Apply moist heat. Sit in the sun for 10 min per day. ​Wash with plain soap and water.

​Apply hydrating lotions.

A nurse is caring for a client who has myelosuppression after receiving chemotherapy. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects? Anorexia and malnutrition Bleeding from the gums Diarrhea and dehydration Full body alopecia

Bleeding from the gums Bleeding from the gums is directly related to myelosuppression due to inhibited bone marrow production of blood cells and platelets.

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results from a client who has prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse expect? Hyperkalemia Hypernatremia Hypercalcemia Hypophosphatemia

Hyperkalemia

A nurse is assessing a client in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? Decreased creatinine level Hyperkalemia Hypomagnesaemia Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Hyperkalemia The nurse should expect the client to have an increase in the serum concentration of potassium during the oliguric phase. Potassium can rise to a life-threatening level during this phase and should be monitored closely. (The nurse should expect the client to have a decrease in the GFR during the oliguric phase.)

___ is a life-threatening emergency manifested by marked elevation of blood glucose and hyperosmolarity with little or no ketosis

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemia Syndrome

A nurse is planning care for a client who has an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) less than 1,000/mm3. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan? Take the client's rectal temperature each day. Increase raw produce in the client's diet. Limit visitors to healthy adults. Instruct the client to floss his teeth daily.

Limit visitors to healthy adults.

A nurse is teaching a client who has acute kidney injury about the oliguric phase. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? Renal function is reestablished. BUN and creatinine levels decrease. Urine output is less than 400 mL per 24 hr. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) recovers.

Urine output is less than 400 mL per 24 hr. Inadequate urinary output is associated with the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. The minimum amount of urine needed to rid the body of metabolic waste products is 400 mL. Therefore, a client who is producing less than 400 mL of output in 24 hr is manifesting acute kidney injury.

A charge nurse is teaching a group of health care workers about hand hygiene to prevent infection. Which of the following information should the charge nurse include in the teaching? Keep artificial nails trimmed. Use alcohol-based hand rubs before administering eye drops for a client. Wash hands with alcohol-based hand rubs when caring for a client who has Clostridium difficile. Use chlorhexidine to wash hands if the client is immunosuppressed.

Use chlorhexidine to wash hands if the client is immunosuppressed.

A nurse is reviewing the CBC findings for a female client who is receiving combination chemotherapy for breast cancer. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? WBC 2300/mm3 RBC 5 million/mm3 Hemoglobin 12 g/dL Platelets 155,000/mm3

WBC 2300/mm3

What is the pH for DKA?

7.35 or less (metabolic acidosis)

Hepatitis ___-RNA Virus transmitted via fecal-oral route with contaminated food or drinking water

A

A nurse is teaching a client about the seven warning signs of cancer. Which of the following signs should the nurse include as manifestations of cancer? (Select all that apply.) A nonhealing sore Bloating Change in bowel pattern Change in moles Nagging cough

A nonhealing sore Change in bowel pattern Change in moles Nagging cough (seven warning signs of cancer)

Does HHNS or DKA have neurological changes?

HHNS

A nurse is caring for a client who has cancer and a new prescription for ondansetron to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor? Headache Dependent edema Polyuria Photosensitivity

Headache

What hepatitis has a vaccine?

Hepatitis A and hepatitis B

What is an EIA test?

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), also known as an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), detects HIV antibodies and antigens in the blood. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system, which helps your body fight disease

Recovery of the GFR is associated with the ___ phase of acute kidney injury.

diuresis

A nurse is preparing a client who is to receive chemotherapy for treatment of ovarian cancer. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? Tell the client to expect dark stools following chemotherapy. Have the client floss 4 times daily. Have the client swish with commercial mouthwash before therapy. Administer an antiemetic prior to the procedure.

Administer an antiemetic prior to the procedure.

A nurse is assessing a client who has chronic kidney disease for fluid volume increase. Which of the following provides a reliable measure of fluid retention? Daily weight Sodium level Tissue turgor Intake and output

Daily weight (Comparing fluid taken in to the amount excreted is helpful when determining fluid retention, but the method is subject to inaccuracy due to the many types of fluid that can be omitted from the measurement.)

A nurse is monitoring a client who has acute kidney injury. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect? Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis Hypercalcemia Elevated BUN

Elevated BUN Client who are in acute kidney injury will have an elevated BUN as damage to the kidneys leads to a build-up of nitrogenous wastes in the blood.

What kind of insulin is given to patients via IV?

Regular

A nurse is reviewing laboratory findings for four clients. Which of the following clients has manifestations of acute kidney injury? BUN 15 mg/dL Serum creatinine 6 mg/dL Hemoglobin 16 g/dL Serum potassium 4.5 mEq/L

Serum creatinine 6 mg/dL

A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease about limiting foods that are high in potassium. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? (Select all that apply.) Green Beans Tomatoes Bananas Asparagus Raisins

Tomatoes Bananas Raisins

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving cisplatin to treat bladder cancer. After several treatments, the client reports fatigue. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Check the results of the client's most recent CBC. Assess the client for a hypersensitivity reaction. Evaluate the client for hypercalcemia. Examine the client for hepatomegaly.

Check the results of the client's most recent CBC. The client might have anemia as a result of myelosuppression (bone marrow suppression) from the chemotherapy. If so, she might require treatment for the anemia (transfusion, medication) and the provider might have to delay further chemotherapy until her blood counts are higher.

A nurse in a provider's clinic is assessing a client who has cancer and a prescription for methotrexate PO. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when the client reports bleeding gums? Explain to the client that this is an expected adverse effect. Check the value of the client's current platelet count. Instruct the client to use an electric toothbrush. Have the client make an appointment to see the dentist.

Check the value of the client's current platelet count.

Does HHNS or DKA have abdominal pain?

DKA

When is potassium given in DKA treatment protocol?

DURING IV insulin administration

A nurse is preparing a client for a radiation treatment who is postoperative following a mastectomy. The nurse should inform the client to expect which of the following adverse effects from the treatment? Alopecia Diarrhea Fatigue Anorexia

Fatigue

A client is receiving treatment for stage IV ovarian cancer and asks the nurse to discuss her prognosis. The client plans to have aggressive surgical, radiation, and chemotherapy treatments. Which of the following prognoses should the nurse discuss with the client? Good Guarded Poor Very good

Poor At this advanced stage, the prognosis for ovarian cancer is poor. Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from female reproductive cancers. Survival rates are low because it is not often discovered until its late stages.

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has a WBC count of 2,000/mm3 after three rounds of chemotherapy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Humidify the client's room. Serve cooked fruit with meals. Clean dentures in a denture cup. Replace the water in flower vases with fresh water daily.

Serve cooked fruit with meals.

What is the number one cause of DKA?

infection

A nurse is reviewing the BUN and creatinine levels of an older adult client who has chronic kidney disease. The nurse should expect which of the following findings? BUN 10 mg/dL and creatinine 0.3 mg/dL BUN 23 mg/dL and creatinine 1.0 mg/dL BUN 8 mg/dL and creatinine 0.7 mg/dL BUN 45 mg/dL and creatinine 8 mg/dL

BUN 45 mg/dL and creatinine 8 mg/dL An elevation of both BUN and creatinine is an expected finding of chronic kidney disease.

A nurse is admitting a child who has leukemia and a critically low platelet count. Which of the following precautions should the nurse initiate? Neutropenic Bleeding Contact Droplet

Bleeding The nurse should initiate bleeding precautions for a child who has a low platelet count. Bleeding precautions involve specific measures to reduce the risk of bleeding, such as using soft-bristled toothbrushes, avoiding IM injections, and preventing constipation.

A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who is postoperative following a simple mastectomy. The client is to begin outpatient radiation therapy the next day. Which of the following instructions about maintaining skin integrity should the nurse include? Do not apply heat to the area of irradiation. Do not wash the area of irradiation. Use an antibiotic ointment to treat skin breakdown. Lubricate the skin lubricated with hypoallergenic lotion.

Do not apply heat to the area of irradiation.

What is convalescence phase hepatitis?

During convalescence, malaise and fatigue may persist for weeks or months, while jaundice, anorexia, and other symptoms disappear.

What is the first treatment for DKA and HHNS?

Fluids- 0.9% NS

What is icteric?

affected by jaundice which causes yellowing of skin

A nurse is caring for a client who has acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following arterial blood gas values would the nurse expect this client to have? pH 7.49, HCO3 24, PaCO2 30 pH 7.49, HCO3 30, PaCO2 40 pH 7.26, HCO3 24, PaCO2 46 pH 7.26, HCO3 14, PaCO2 30

pH 7.26, HCO3 14, PaCO2 30 AKI causes metabolic acidosis because the kidneys cannot adequately process and excrete the acidic substances the usual bodily functions produce every day. With metabolic acidosis, the pH is low, the bicarbonate is low, and the PaCO2 is low or in the expected range, as in these results.

A nurse is teaching a client who has acute kidney disease about fluid restrictions. Which of the following statements by the client should the nurse identify as understanding of the teaching? "I should consume most of the fluid during the evening." "I will make a list of my favorite beverages." "I will put beverages in large containers to give the appearance of drinking a lot." "I will not add ice cream to the amount of fluid intake."

"I will make a list of my favorite beverages." The nurse should work with the client to develop a schedule for fluid restrictions, and should attempt to include the client's favorite beverages when possible to promote satisfaction.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has breast cancer about the adverse effects of chemotherapy. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? "I will take the antiemetic as soon as the chemotherapy infusion is complete." "I will run my toothbrush in the dishwasher every month." "I'll call my doctor if I notice any unusual menstrual bleeding." "I will avoid crowds to keep from infecting others."

"I'll call my doctor if I notice any unusual menstrual bleeding." Clients should be taught bleeding precautions and to report bruising or excessive bleeding.

A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who has neutropenia as a result of radiation therapy for the treatment of lung cancer. Which of the following should the nurse plan to include in the teaching? Bottled water is an appropriate choice to increase fluid intake. The salad bar is a healthy choice when dining out. Soft-boiled eggs are an appropriate source of protein. Eating at a buffet is a good choice to increase caloric intake.

Bottled water is an appropriate choice to increase fluid intake.

Common causes of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemia Syndrome

Infection. Other illness, such as heart attack or stroke. Medicines that decrease the effect of insulin in the body. Medicines or conditions that increase fluid loss.

A nurse in a provider's office is reviewing the laboratory findings for a client who is scheduled for surgery. Which of the following findings requires follow up by the nurse? BUN 15 mg/dL Platelet count 60,000/mm3 WBC 6,000/mm3 Hemoglobin 14 g/dL

Platelet count 60,000/mm3 This platelet count is below the expected reference range. A low platelet count places the client at risk for bleeding; therefore, the nurse should follow up on this finding.

A nurse is caring for a client scheduled to receive external radiation to the neck for cancer of the larynx. During a pre-treatment exam, the nurse explains to the client that the most likely side effect would be infertility. diarrhea. dyspnea. dysphagia.

dysphagia.