MS2 Exam 2 Review Questions

A nurse who works in an oncology practice prepares patients for the side effects of adjuvant hormonal therapy to treat breast cancer. Which of the following is the hormonal agent that has an increased risk of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis?

Tamoxifen

A patient is diagnosed with the most common type of uterine fibroid, an intramural fibroid. The nurse includes which information in teaching the patient about this type of fibroid?

It grows within the wall of the uterine muscle

Which statement is true regarding hormonal contraception?

It increases the risk for venous thromboembolism

The nurse is assessing an older adult female who has not seen her physician in 2 years. The nurse is assisting the patient into a gown and notices that the patient has edema and pitting of the skin on the right breast. What does the nurse understand is the significance of this finding?

It may result from a neoplasm blocking lymphatic drainage, giving the skin an orange-peel appearance, a classic sign of advanced breast cancer.

Which statement is accurate regarding sildenafil?

Its side effects include headache, flushing, and dizziness.

The nurse is providing care to a client who has had a transurethral resection of the prostate. The client has a three-way catheter drainage system in place for continuous bladder irrigation. The nurse anticipates that the catheter may be removed when the urine appears as which of the following?

Light yellow and clear

The nurse is assisting a patient in preparing for a pelvic examination. What position will the nurse place the patient in for the examination?

Lithotomy

The nurse is preparing the female client for a pelvic examination. In which position will the nurse assist the client?

Lithotomy position

A client is undergoing a left modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer. Postoperatively, blood pressure should be obtained from the right arm, and the client's left arm and hand should be elevated as much as possible to prevent which condition?

Lymphedema

The nurse is providing care to a client who has had surgery as treatment for breast cancer. The nurse would be alert for the development of which of the following?

Lymphedema

A 45-year-old woman has a family history of breast cancer. She herself was diagnosed with breast cancer 2 months ago. During a routine visit, the physician informs her that she has to undergo radiation as soon as possible to avoid spreading of the cancer. Which symptom would prompt radiation therapy?

Massive swelling in her arm

Which term refers to breast pain?

Mastalgia

Which is the main cause of anemia in a client with active uterine leiomyoma?

Menorrhagia

Which drug is the most effective treatment for trichomoniasis?

Metronidazole

A nurse is obtaining health history from a young adult woman. Which of the following would alert the nurse to a possible problem?

Reports of dyspareunia

A nurse is caring for a group of breast cancer survivors after mastectomy. Which teaching point should the nurse reinforce about activities 6 weeks after surgery?

Resume light household work.

A perimenopausal woman informs the nurse that she is having irregular vaginal bleeding. What should the nurse encourage the patient to do?

See her gynecologist as soon as possible.

A pelvic examination reveals that a woman's uterus is retroflexed. Which of the following best depicts this position?

See image

Pelvic infection is most commonly caused by which of the following?

Sexual transmission

Nursing students are reviewing information about natural family planning methods in preparation for a quiz the next day. The students demonstrate a need for additional study when they identify which of the following as an example?

Spermicide

A female client comes to the clinic complaining of intense vulvar pruritus and irritation accompanied by a vaginal discharge. A specimen of the discharge is examined to determine the cause. Which of the following would the nurse interpret as indicative of candidiasis?

Spores and hyphae

A client expresses concerns about future reproduction after a surgery to correct the cancer of the testes. For this client, treatment proceeded without first collecting and storing sperm. Which alternative should the nurse suggest to the client?

Suggest donor insemination or adoption

Which positions is used for a pelvic examination?

Supine lithotomy

Which should be included as part of the home care instructions for a client with epididymitis and orchitis?

Take prescribed antibiotics

A client with vaginitis reports itching and burning of the perineum. Which suggestion would be most appropriate to relieve the client's symptoms?

Take sitz baths frequently.

A patient comes to the emergency department and tells the nurse, "I took a pill to help me perform and then passed out." The nurse is assessing the patient and finds a nitroglycerin patch on his back. What is the first intervention the nurse must perform?

Take the patient's blood pressure.

A health care provider tells a breast cancer client that he is going to prescribe hormone therapy that has been found to significantly reduce mortality. Which drug would most likely be prescribed?

Tamoxifen

A nurse is teaching a male client who is older than 50 years about prostate cancer. What teaching should be included by the nurse?

Have a digital rectal examination.

The diagnosis of prostate cancer is confirmed by which of the following?

Histologic exam of tissue

Most cervical cancers, if not detected and treated, spread to which area?

Regional pelvic lymph nodes

A group of students is reviewing information about breast cancer and metastasis in preparation for an examination. The students demonstrate the need for additional study when they identify which of the following as a common site for metastasis?

Colon

A client has had a right modified radical mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection. The nurse is teaching the client about measures to reduce the risk of complications. The client demonstrates understanding of the instructions when she states which of the following?

"I need to use an electric shaver when shaving my right armpit."

The nurse is obtaining the history from a client who is suspected of having pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Which client statement would help support the suspicion of PID?

"I was 15 years old when I first had sex."

An elderly client, who can void only while standing and pushing upward on the vagina, is ordered a pessary. Which comment from the client indicates a need for further teaching about this device?

"I will remove and clean it every day."

During a routine sports physical examination, the nurse practitioner recommends HPV vaccination for an 11-year-old girl. Which statements by the client's mother demonstrates understanding of HPV vaccinations?

"I will track follow-up appointments in my smartphone so she receives all three injections."

A nurse is teaching personal hygiene care techniques to a client with genital herpes. Which statement by the client indicates the teaching has been effective?

"I will wear loose cotton underwear."

The nurse is demonstrating the technique for performing a testicular self examination (TSE) to a group of men for a company health fair. One of the men asks the nurse at what age a man should begin performing TSE. What is the best answer by the nurse?

"It should begin in adolescence."

The nurse is completing community education when asked by a client without health insurance why a mammogram is needed if the women are completing breast self-examinations at home. The nurse is most correct to respond stating which of the following?

"Mammograms can detect cysts or tumors too small to palpate."

The nurse is providing client education to a 45-year-old female who asks how she can be certain that she has reached menopause. How should the nurse respond?

"Menopause is likely if you have not menstruated for 12 months."

A 32-year-old client has been diagnosed with an ovarian cyst and asks the nurse, "Should I be worried about cancer?" Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?

"Most cysts are benign in younger women, but it's good to have it checked out."

The nurse is teaching a young adult male how to perform testicular self-examination (TSE). The nurse determines that the client has understood the instructions when he states which of the following?

"The best time to do it is once a month after I take my warm morning shower."

A client is scheduled for a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Which statement demonstrates that the expected outcome of "client demonstrates understanding of the surgical procedure and aftercare" has been met?

"The surgeon is going to insert a scope through my urethra to remove a portion of the gland."

A client reports loss of interest in sexual relations and discomfort during intercourse. Which is the best response by the nurse?

"These are normal, manageable symptoms of menopause."

A client has been diagnosed with genital herpes. Knowing that education is an essential part of nursing care of the client with a genital herpes infection, the nurse plans to include which method(s) to minimize HIV transmission? Select all that apply.

-Avoiding unprotected sexual intercourse -Avoiding multiple sexual partners -Avoiding IV drug use

Which of the following are risk factors for the development of a sexually transmitted disease (STD)? Select all that apply.

-Multiple partners -Unprotected sex -Prostitution

A 27-year-old client is a regular smoker and has diabetes. She has been diagnosed with hypertension and says she finds it cumbersome and time-consuming to visit the doctor regularly just to check her blood pressure. Her vital signs are temperature 98.8°F, pulse 72, respirations 12, BP 112/72 mm Hg. In addition, laboratory reports show a hemoglobin A1C level of 5%. The client is requesting contraceptive therapy. Which aspects of client teaching would the nurse recommend? Select all that apply.

-Purchasing a self-monitoring cuff -Discussing methods for stress reduction -Advising a smoking cessation program -Advising a smoking cessation program

A client seeks medical attention for a painless lump located in the upper right area of the right breast. Which additional finding indicates to the nurse that the client has advanced breast disease? Select all that apply.

-Tissue dimpling -Nipple retraction

A client with a prolapsed uterus wants to use a non-surgical treatment approach. Which treatments will the nurse prepare teaching on for this client? Select all that apply.

-Use of a pessary -Lifestyle changes -Pelvic floor exercises

A client with challenging menopausal symptoms has discussed treatment options with the physician and now has some questions for the nurse. The client asks, "What are the potential risks of hormone replacement therapy?" What is the best answer?

-breast cancer -myocardial infarction -stroke

Which client has the highest risk of ovarian cancer?

45-year-old woman who has never been pregnant

The nurse is educating a patient about the best time to perform breast self-examination (BSE). When does the nurse inform her is the best time after menses to perform BSE?

5 to 7 days

The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has been diagnosed with prostate cancer. The nurse notes that the Gleason score was used to grade the cancer. Which total score would the nurse interpret as indicating a highly aggressive cancer?

9

Which term describes a procedure in which cervical tissue is removed because abnormal cells are detected?

Cone biopsy (conization)

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with ductal carcinoma and lymph node involvement. Which diagnostic test, ordered by the physician, does the nurse identify as assessing possible metastasis?

A chest x-ray

A group of students are reviewing material in preparation for a test on the male and female breasts. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which of the following?

A primary function of the female breast is to produce milk.

A nurse is preparing a presentation about contraception for a young adult community group. Which of the following would the nurse expect to address as the most effective means of contraception?

Abstinence

A nurse is reviewing a female client's history, which includes the following information: Age at menarche: 14 years Cesarean delivery: 2 pregnancies Age at first pregnancy: 35 years Alcohol use: approximately 1 to 2 glasses of wine/month The nurse identifies which as a possible risk factor for the client to develop breast cancer?

Age at first pregnancy

The nurse is obtaining a history from a male client who states having difficulty achieving and sustaining an erection. When reviewing the medication history, which medication classification does the nurse anticipate?

Antihypertensives

A client is undergoing treatment for prostate cancer. He has chemotherapy sessions regularly. However, of late he is showing symptoms of food allergy and loss of appetite. He has lost considerable weight as a result. Which is an appropriate nursing task in this situation?

Ask the client to keep a diet diary.

The nurse is about to begin conducting a pelvic examination of a client. The client reports having lower back and hip pain anytime she has to lie on her back. What is the best way for the nurse to proceed with the examination?

Ask the client to lie on her left side with the right leg bent

The nurse is utilizing the PLISSIT model of sexual health assessment during an interaction with a new client. According to this model, the nurse should begin with what action?

Asking the client's permission to discuss sexuality

A female client is diagnosed with breast abscess. She would like to continue to breast-feed her newborn. Which of the following would be most appropriate in this situation?

Assist the client to pump the breasts to remove breast milk.

A client with a trichomoniasis infection is prescribed metronidazole. Which teaching will the nurse provide to the client about this medication?

Avoid all alcohol for 24 hours after taking the medication.

A client has undergone a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy as treatment for endometrial cancer. When providing postoperative care to this client the nurse would be alert for signs and symptoms of which of the following?

Bladder dysfunction

Which of the following is the most immediate danger after prostate surgery?

Bleeding

Which treatment involves implantation of interstitial radioactive seeds under anesthesia to treat prostate cancer?

Brachytherapy

Assessment of a client reveals evidence of a cystocele. The nurse interprets this as which of the following?

Bulging of the bladder into the vagina

The nurse is discussing nutritional needs for a postmenopausal patient. What dietary increase should the nurse recommend to the patient?

Calcium

Which is inconsistent with a digital rectal examination (DRE)?

Can reveal a hydrocele

Over the past 2 months, a client has been receiving treatment for multiple ear infections and tonsillitis. The client reports a curdy white vaginal discharge and burning with urination. What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?

Candida albicans

Which type of yeast infection is manifested by white, cheese-like discharge?

Candidiasis

A client who underwent an anterior colporrhaphy 6 hours ago has not voided. She reports some discomfort in her suprapubic area. Which of the following would the nurse expect to do?

Catheterize the client.

In which group is it most important for the client to understand the importance of an annual Papanicolaou test?

Clients infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV)

The nurse working on a cancer treatment floor assesses her assigned clients. It is most important for the nurse to report which assessment finding?

Coolness and mottling of a newly constructed breast site

A client is diagnosed with a palpable mass in her breast. The nurse would anticipate diagnostic testing using which of the following?

Core needle biopsy

A client is scheduled for an abdominal ultrasound as a follow up to her pelvic examination. Which action by the nurse would be most appropriate?

Ensuring that the client has a full bladder

A client reports experiencing vulvar pruritus. Which assessment factor may indicate that the client has an infection caused by Candida albicans?

Cottage cheese-like discharge

Which condition is a downward displacement of the bladder toward the vaginal orifice?

Cystocele

Which of the following is an age-related functional change of the female reproductive system?

Decreased ovulation

How can breast cancer prevention programs best serve at-risk women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds?

Develop screening and educational programs.

A nurse practitioner is conducting a history and physical on a 42-year-old woman. One of the questions asked of someone in this age group is the type of medications that the patient's mother took during her pregnancy. The nurse is assessing for a past history of ______ use.

Diethylstilbestrol

The nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted to hospital for uterine bleeding after incomplete miscarriage. The nurse knows what will be included in this client's treatment?

Dilation and curettage

Which of the following diagnostic tests is used as a therapeutic measure for incomplete miscarriage?

Dilation and curettage (D & C)

Hematoma and seroma formation are complications of breast surgery. Which of the following is the indicator that should be reported to the surgeon?

Gross swelling

A patient experiences hypotension, lethargy, and muscle spasms while receiving bladder irrigations after a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). What is the first action the nurse should take?

Discontinue the irrigations

The nurse documents the following history obtained from a female patient: No known allergies Douching 2 to 3 times per week Use of barrier methods for contraception Recent viral upper respiratory infection Estrogen levels within acceptable parameters Which of the following would the nurse identify as a risk factor for the patient developing a vulvovaginal infection?

Douching

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local women's group about benign and malignant breast conditions. Which of the following would the nurse include as an example of a malignant breast condition?

Ductal carcinoma in situ

Which term refers to painful menstruation?

Dysmenorrhea

Menopause marks the end of a woman's reproductive capacity. Which of the following is a common complaint that may be due to a cystocele?

Dyspareunia

The nurse is preparing a patient for a gynecologic examination when the patient says, "I hope the exam doesn't hurt as much as intercourse with my husband does." What should the nurse document this finding as?

Dyspareunia

A client who comes to the clinic reporting perineal pain, dysuria, and fever is diagnosed with prostatitis. The nurse understands that which of the following organisms would be the most likely cause?

Escherichia coli

A nurse is conducting a health promotion class about the female reproductive system and menstrual cycle for a group of young adult women. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies which of the following?

Estradiol is the most potent ovarian estrogen

The nurse is caring for a client who is being supplemented with the hormone responsible for developing and maintaining the female reproductive organs. This client is being treated with what hormone?

Estrogen

A client has just received a diagnosis of premature ovarian failure. How would this diagnosis be confirmed?

FSH level determination

A 13-year-old who started her menstrual cycle at age 12 asks the nurse practitioner how frequently her "period" should come. The nurse takes a calendar and has the girl circle the date of her last period, which started on January 7. The nurse then circles when her next period should start based on the average number of days in a normal cycle. What date did the nurse circle?

February 4

Which is a characteristic of a breast cancer mass?

Firm, hard, embedded in surrounding tissue

A 28-year-old woman is learning about breast self-examination. The nurse teaches the woman that the best time of each month to examine her breasts is during the:

First week after menstruation.

Which of the following should nurses teach all men, especially those who have had cryptorchidism?

How to perform a testicular self-examination

A client, age 42, visits the gynecologist. After examining the client, the physician suspects cervical cancer. The nurse reviews the client's history for risk factors for this disease. Which history finding is a risk factor for cervical cancer?

Human papillomavirus infection at age 32

A 65-year-old man complains to his health care provider that, when he urinates, he has to start and stop several times over a period of minutes in order to fully empty his bladder. The nurse is aware that this is not uncommon in men over the age of 60. This "double voiding" is directly related to which of the following?

Hyperplasia of the prostate gland

The nurse is providing education regarding sexually transmitted diseases. Which statement regarding herpes virus 2 (herpes genitalis) is accurate?

In pregnant women with active herpes, babies delivered vaginally may become infected with the virus.

The nurse is providing education regarding sexually transmitted infections. Which statement regarding herpes virus 2 (herpes genitalis) is accurate?

In pregnant women with active herpes, babies delivered vaginally may become infected with the virus.

The nurse is relating health education to male students when asked where sperm is actually made. Which location is most correct?

In the testes within the scrotum

A female patient comes to the clinic with the complaint that she is having a greenish-colored discharge from the nipple and the breast feels warm to touch. What does the nurse suspect these symptoms may indicate?

Infection

A young client presenting at the health clinic with fever and mucopurulent vaginal drainage is diagnosed with acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Which long-term affect is of greatest concern in the care of this client?

Infertility

A client has a routine Papanicolaou (Pap) test during a yearly gynecologic examination. The result reveals a class V finding. What should the nurse tell the client about this finding?

It calls for a biopsy as soon as possible

The nurse is preparing a presentation for a men's community group about health promotion. Which of the following would the nurse include as a current recommendation for screening?

Monthly testicular self-examination (TSE)

A client has a history of dysmenorrhea. During monthly menses, the client experiences incapacitating cramping and passes large clots. The client's primary care physician initiates conservative treatment. What interventions would the physician to recommend?

NSAIDs

The nurse teaches a premenopausal female client to perform breast self-examination (BSE) at which interval?

On day 5 to day 7, counting the first day of menses as day 1

Which term refers to the surgical removal of one or both testes?

Orchiectomy

The nurse is completing the admission history for a client who is admitted for a reduction mammoplasty. Which of the following client statements is uncommon when explaining the rationale for the procedure?

Others disapprove

A nurse is providing care to a client who was just admitted with a diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. When reviewing the client's history, which of the following would the nurse identify as a major risk factor for this client?

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

While caring for a client who is being treated for severe pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which nursing action minimizes transmission of infection?

Performing hand hygiene when entering the room

The nurse is preparing a discharge teaching plan for a client who has had a prostatectomy. Which of the following would be appropriate to include?

Performing perineal exercises frequently throughout the day

Nursing students are reviewing information about the male reproductive system and normal age-related changes. They demonstrate understanding of the topic when they identify which of the following as occurring?

Plasma testosterone levels decrease.

Which is an age-related change affecting the male reproductive system?

Plasma testosterone levels decrease.

A client is admitted to the health care center with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. The client has a body mass index (BMI) of 30 and reports irregular menstrual cycles and feeling tired all the time. The nurse suspects the client's symptoms to indicate which condition?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

A client is diagnosed with hypertension. The client also reports skin discoloration, weight gain, and nausea. Which contraceptive preparations would the nurse practitioner recommend for this client?

Progestin-only

A patient is suspected to have prostate cancer related to observed clinical symptoms. What definitive test can the nurse assist with to confirm a diagnosis of prostate cancer?

Prostate biopsy

A client is considering use of chemoprevention because she is at high risk for developing breast cancer. What can the nurse do to assist the patient with her decision?

Provide the patient with information regarding the benefits, risks, and possible side effects.

At a follow-up visit, the client is informed that her breast cancer has recurred. The nurse knows that which situation places the client at risk for developing bone metastases?

Recurrence within 2 years of the original diagnosis

Consuming a diet high in which of the following has been found to increase the risk for prostate cancer?

Red meats

A nurse is caring for a client who has just had a modified radical mastectomy with immediate reconstruction. She's in her 30s and has two young children. Although she's worried about her future, she seems to be adjusting well to her diagnosis. What should the nurse do to support her coping?

Refer the client to the American Cancer Society's Reach for Recovery program or another support program.

Students are reviewing information about the use of adjuvant hormonal therapy for breast cancer. They demonstrate understanding of this information when they identify which of the following as an example of a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)?

Tamoxifen

Which of the following is an expected outcome for a client 24 hours after an abdominal hysterectomy?

The client will perform leg exercises hourly

A client comes to the clinic for a routine evaluation. During the physical examination, the nurse palpates the client's breast and finds a small lump. Which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect possible breast cancer?

The lump is irregularly shaped.

A patient is having a fine-needle biopsy (FNB) for a mass in the left breast. When the needle is inserted and the mass is no longer palpable, what does the nurse know has most likely occurred?

The mass may be cystic and was ruptured when the needle was inserted.

When developing an educational program for a group of adolescents about sexually transmitted infections (STIs), what should the nurse inform the group about the single greatest risk factor for contracting an STI?

The number of sexual partners

The nurse is outlining the female internal reproductive structures on a diagram. Where on the diagram would the nurse highlight the typical site of ovum fertilization?

The nurse would highlight the fallopian tube

The nurse is caring for a client who is ordered a sentinel lymph node biopsy. The physician explained the procedure and desired outcome. Which statement, made by the client, indicates a need for further instruction?

The procedure removes all cancer from the body.

In preparation for a gynecologic examination, a female client apologizes for any discharge that has an odor which "smells like fish." Which addtional signs or symtoms would the nurse anticipate for this client's condition?

Thin, greyish vaginal discharge

A female client has just been diagnosed with condylomata acuminata (genital warts). What information is appropriate to tell this client?

This condition puts her at a higher risk for cervical cancer; therefore, she should have a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear annually.

The client states to the nurse that he is very anxious about having prostate cancer ever since his prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test came back elevated. The client asks, "Which diagnostic test produces definitive results if cancer is present?" The nurse is most correct to state which of the following?

Tissue biopsy

Which is the most common type of prostate surgery?

Transurethral resection of the prostate

During an internal vaginal examination, the nurse practitioner notes a frothy and malodorous discharge. What bacteria does the practitioner suspect is causing this disorder?

Trichomonas

A group of students are reviewing the anatomy and physiology of the breasts. The students demonstrate understanding of breast structure when they identify the tail of Spence as an extension of which quadrant?

Upper outer

Breast cancers are usually found in which area of the breast?

Upper outer quadrant

What is the most common location for breast cancer?

Upper outer quadrant of the breast

Which of the following would be most important to determine when assessing a client being admitted for suspected toxic shock syndrome (TSS)?

Use of superabsorbent tampons

A client underwent a transurethral resection of the prostate gland 24 hours ago and is on continuous bladder irrigation. Which nursing intervention is appropriate?

Use sterile technique when irrigating the catheter

While examining the introitus, the nurse practitioner asks the client to "bear down." The nursing student observing the examination knows that the nurse practitioner is assessing the client for which condition?

Uterine prolapse

A group of students are reviewing the female reproductive system in preparation for a test. Which of the following if identified by the students as an internal structure indicates successful learning?

Vagina

A client with HIV has recently completed a 7-day regimen of antibiotics. She reports vaginal itching and irritation. In addition, the client has a white, cheese-like vaginal discharge. Which condition is the client most likely experiencing?

Vulvovaginal candidiasis

A patient is receiving chemotherapy with paclitaxel as treatment for ovarian cancer. The patient arrives at the facility for laboratory testing prior to her next dose of chemotherapy. The results are as follows: Hemoglobin: 12.9 gm/dL White blood cell count: 2,200 /cu mm Platelets: 250,000 /cu mm Red blood cell count: 4,400,00/cu mm Which result would be a cause for concern?

White blood cell count

A patient has been diagnosed with a Trichomoniasis vaginal infection. The nurse would expect which color of discharge?

Yellow-green

A nurse is obtaining a male client's health history before performing a physical examination. Which information would most likely not be obtained?

age of first ejaculate

An older female client reports pain during intercourse, disrupting the intimacy that she and her husband are accustomed to sharing. What might be the cause of her pain?

atrophy of Bartholin glands

A client is scheduled to have her first Pap test and asks the nurse why this test is necessary. The nurse should tell the client that this test is used to detect early cancer of the:

cervix

A client is undergoing a diagnostic workup for suspected testicular cancer. When obtaining the client's history, the nurse checks for known risk factors for this type of cancer. Testicular cancer has been linked to:

cryptorchidism

A client is concerned about the lumps that have developed in her breasts and is fearful of cancer. The client reports variability in the size of the lumps. What could be causing this condition?

cyclical hormonal changes

A nurse is providing breast cancer education at a community facility. The American Cancer Society recommends that women of average risk for breast cancer get mammograms:

yearly starting no later than age 45.

Which structure is referred to as the vulva?

external female genitalia

While caring for a client who is being treated for severe pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), the nurse insists on keeping the client in a semi-sitting position. The nurse advises this in order to:

facilitate pelvic drainage and minimize the upward extension of the infection

Because of a client's reluctance to begin hormone therapy, the advance nurse practitioner prescribes venlafaxine to decrease the risk of

hot flashes.

Hormone therapy decreases the risk of

hot flashes.

A client is experiencing symptoms associated with menopause. What is a likely recommendation to increase the client's interest in sexual activity?

low-dose androgens

At a public health fair, a nurse teaches a group of women about breast cancer awareness. Possible signs of breast cancer include:

nipple discharge and a breast nodule.

Which cancer ranks second as the cause of death in American men?

prostate

The obstructive and irritative symptom complex caused by benign prostatic hypertrophy is called

prostatism

Which structure is involved in keeping the testes at the necessary temperature to ensure sperm production?

scrotum

On discharge, a client who underwent left modified radical mastectomy expresses relief that "the cancer" has been treated. When discussing this issue with the client, the nurse should stress that she:

should continue to perform breast self-examination on her right breast