MTTC 103 Cirrus Book

Which of the following quotes is a demonstration of active listening? A. "If I understand correctly, you think the classroom needs a pet." B. "I think you meant to say that you wish you had a pet at home." C. "You didn't talk about the kind of pet our classroom should have." D. "There's no way the principal will let us have a classroom pet."

A. "If I understand correctly, you think the classroom needs a pet." - This quote demonstrates active listening because the listener is paraphrasing the message to clarify understanding. Incorrect B. this quote does not demonstrate active listening because the message is changed to what the listener thinks instead of remaining as the speaker intended. C. this quote does not demonstrate active listening because the listener changes the topic; furthermore, the listener speaks in a critical manner. D. this quote does not demonstrate active listening because the listener dismisses the message.

A person walks a distance of 4 and 3/5 miles at a speed of 2 and 3/4 miles per hour. Which of the following expressions represents the number of hours required to walk the distance? A. (23/5) x (4/11) B. (23/5) x (11/4) C. (4/11) / (23/5) D. (11/4) / (23/5)

A. (23/5) x (4/11)

If x = 5, what is the value of the algebraic expression 2x - x? A. 5 B. 10 C. 15 D. 20

A. 5 Substitute 5 for x; 2(5) - 5 = 10 -5 = 5

What number is equal to (5^2 + 1)^2 + 3^3 A. 703 B. 694 C. 30 D. 53

A. 703 - (5^2 + 1)^2 + 3^3 = (25 + 1)^2 + 3^3 = (26)^2 + 3^3 = 676 + 27 = 703

Which of the following settlements best describes a major consequence of the Columbian Exchange resulting from European colonization of the Americas? A. Europeans added corn, squash, potatoes, and cocoa to their diets. B. European farmers began cultivating wheat, barley, and rye. C. European clothing producers began making goods from cotton and silk. D. draft animals became a standard feature of European agriculture

A. Europeans added corn, squash, potatoes, and cocoa to their diets.

The students in Mr. Burd's class want to know if attendance affects math test scores. What information do the students need to know? A. What is the mean attendance rate? B. What did Daryl make on the math test? C. How many times has Kerry been absent? D. Who made the lowest grade on the math test?

A. What is the mean attendance rate? The students need to know the average attendance rate (and the average math score) for each attendance group.

A flower grower has been growing several acres of daisies for many years. The grower lets the daisies go to seed late in the year so that new plants naturally replace older ones that die. This year, in the middle of the field, the grower finds a plant with pink flowers instead of the usual white flowers. Aside from the unusual color, the plant is identical to all the other daises in the field. The grower has never seen a pink-flowered daisy in the field before. The appearance of the pink-flowered daisy was most likely caused by: A. a mutation in one of the sex cells. produced by a parent of the daisy. B. hybridization between a daisy plant and a plant belonging to a non-daisy species. C. a dominant gene that has been carried undetected in the population for many years. D. unusual nutrients and soil conditions where the pink flowered daisy is growing.

A. a mutation in one of the sex cells produced by a parent of the daisy.

A teacher notices that a group of students who have just finished reading the same novel are having difficulty identifying how the story transitions from one stage to another. Which of the following is the best graphic organizer to help students understand the story's development? A. a plot pyramid B. a Venn diagram C. a main idea/key details chart D. a sequencing chart

A. a plot pyramid - A plot pyramid helps students identify and visualize how an author moves a story forward in clear stages with specific characteristics: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Incorrect B. a Venn diagram is used to organize the similarities and differences between two texts. C. students would use a main idea/key details chart to identify the main idea of an informational text and the most significant details supporting that idea. D. a sequencing chart helps students order events in a story, but does not task them with identifying how the events work together to move the story forward as elements of plot structure.

Which of the following examples best illustrates the operation of the concept of opportunity cost in a market economy? A. a wage earner decides to spend a salary bonus on garden tools rather than on new clothing. B. A store owner lowers prices to attract a rival store's customers. C. a business lays off a quarter of its workforce when demand for company products declines. D. a consumer buys winter clothing in the spring to take advantage of sale prices.

A. a wage earner decides to spend a salary bonus on garden tools rather than on new clothing.

Which of the following can be classified as persuasive writing? A. an advertisement for a new product B. a research paper on the effects of climate on ecosystems C. a poem about the ocean on a foggy day D. a short story with a suspense plot

A. an advertisement for a new product - Persuasive writing aims to influence the reader to agree with what is stated and to act accordingly. Incorrect B. a research paper is an example of expository writing and is often neutral in tone. C. a poem using sensory imagery is an example of descriptive writing. D. a short story with a plot arc is an example of narrative writing

On a hot summer day, a sixth grader's friend calls to ask her to go swimming with a group of friends at a nearby river gorge. The girl knows that it is a dangerous and illegal area in which to swim, but she likes swimming with her friends. Which of the following would be the most appropriate process for her to use in deciding how to respond to her friend's suggestion? A. considering the physical risks and benefits of swimming in the gorge, how she personally feels about it, and what the alternatives are B. asking her friend who else will be going, and considering what they think of her if she does or does not go swimming. C. telling her older brother about the situation and asking him what he would do in her place and what he thinks she should do D. going to the gorge with the group and seeing for herself how dangerous it seems before deciding whether to go swimming.

A. considering the physical risk and benefits of swimming in the gorge, how she personally feels about it, and what the alternatives are.

Miss Randle is gathering information about her students at the beginning of the school year to determine their reading levels. She wants to find out what skills they are entering school with. Which assessment tool should she choose? A. diagnostic assessment B. formative assessment C. summative assessment D. aptitude test

A. diagnostic assessment - Diagnostic assessments pre-test students before a learning experience. Incorrect B. formative assessments take place throughout a learning experience to provide information for instructional decisions. C. summative assessments take place after a learning experience to evaluate learning. D. aptitude tests measure student talents.

A first-grade student is having difficulty understanding a math lesson involving patterns. Which of the following musical activities would be most appropriate to promote the student's understanding of patterns? A. echoing rhythms on a drum B. singing a major scale. C. playing a melody on a recorder D. singing with others in harmony

A. echoing rhythms on a drum

Which of the following terms best describes a situation in which the federal government prevents the only Internet service company in a local community from raising its prices? A. economic regulation B. social regulation C. opportunity cost D. scarcity

A. economic regulation - in this instance of economic regulation, the government is controlling prices by preventing a monopoly Incorrect B. social regulation works to ensure ethical business practices. In this example, the government is only concerned with prices C. opportunity cost describes making one choice at the expense of another; it does not apply to this situation D. if the supply of a product cannot meet demand for it, the result is scarcity; that concept does not apply in this situation

Ms. DiCristafaro is considering using peer assessment to help students edit their writing assignments. Which of the following steps should she take first? A. establish a safe learning environment B. pair students by ability level C. teach students active listening skills D. remind students of the importance of grades

A. establish a safe learning environment - Students must feel safe and trust their peers to be able to participate in peer assessment. Incorrect B. students will not be paired for editing until after all students have had a chance to practice their editing skills with teacher support. C. active listening skills will be helpful when receiving feedback, but that is the last step in the editing process. D. peer assessment should be used to improve learning, not assign grades.

Matthew, a fourth grade teacher, gives his students ten minutes of computer time whenever they turn an assignment in on time. Matthew is using what kind of motivation? A. extrinsic motivation B. intrinsic motivation C. situated motivation D. achievement motivation

A. extrinsic motivation - The computer time is an external motivator, encouraging students to choose to complete their homework on time. Incorrect B. intrinsic motivation refers to instances when students make choices based on internal motivating factors (such as a sense of satisfaction) C. situated motivation is based on the student's circumstances. Matthew is not going to change the situation to try to change behavior. D. Achievement motivation is based on a desire for ever-increasing challenges. This is a form of intrinsic motivation.

Read the excerpt below from a writing sample, then answer the two questions that follow. (1) The oceans are home to many examples of symbiosis. (2) The clownfish, _____, eats lichens that could harm the sea anemone, the sea anemone protects the clownfish from predators with its stinging cells. _____, barracudas get their bellies cleaned by cleaning fish, who get a meal out of the deal. (4) _______________________________________________ In the rain forests of Costa Rica, algae grow in the fur of the tree sloth. In return for providing a warm environment of the algae, the tree sloth receives protection in the form of camouflage. Thanks to the algae, the tree sloth's coat blends in with the lichen-covered bark of the trees where it makes its home. Which of the following words or phrases, if inserted in the blanks in Sentences 2 and 3 respectively, would best support a logical development of the central idea? A. for instance / similarly B. consequently / for example C. in the first place / additionally D. Furthermore / Likewise Which of the following sentences, if inserted as Sentence 4, would best support a logical development of the central idea? A. goby fish warn shrimp of danger and the shrimp construct their shared hideaway. B. some land animals also enjoy mutually beneficial relationships with animal or plant life. C. the barracuda strikes a unique pose to assure cleaning fish that it will not eat them. D. symbiosis occurs when a host and a dependent species benefit from living together.

A. for instance / similarly B. some land animals also enjoy mutually beneficial relationships with animal or plant life.

The students in Mrs. Mathis' class want to know the probability of pulling a yellow ball out of a jar that contains fifty calls. What information do the students need to know to find the answer? A. how many yellow balls are in the jar? B. how many different colors of balls are in the jar? C. how many purple balls are in the jar? D. how much do the balls cost?

A. how many yellow balls are in the jar? The students need to know how many of the fifty balls in the jar are yellow.

Which of the following are major physical regions in the continental United States? A. humid continental, humid subtropical, mediterranean, marine, desert B. humid continental, humid subtropical, taiga, tundra, mediterranean C. humid continental, mediterranean, marine, taiga, tropical rainforest D. the sun belt, the Bible Belt, and the coasts

A. humid continental, humid subtropical, mediterranean, marine, desert These are all major physical regions in North America Incorrect B. While Alaska has taiga and tundra, it is not considered part of the continental United States. C. while Hawaii and U.S. territories in the Caribbean and Pacific Ocean have tropical rainforests, they are not considered part of the continental United States. D. These terms may be used in human geography, anthropology, or history but not in physical geography

Mr. Amendt, the English teacher, provides students with detailed descriptions of criteria that define each level of writing performance. Students use the descriptions to learn what they can do to be better writers, and then the students' level of performance is graded according to the criteria. Which assessment tool is Mr. Amendt using? A. rubric B. selected-response C. checklist D. anecdotal notes

A. rubric - Rubrics are a fixed scale that measures performance with detailed descriptions of criteria that define each level of performance. Rubrics can be used to guide students and to grade performance. Incorrect B. selected response are multiple-choice tests C. checklists are outline criteria of student performance that teachers are able to mark as students show mastery of each required skill. D. anecdotal notes are written records of the teacher's observations of a student in relation to a learning standard.

Mr. Patrick would like his students to self-assess their history projects before turning them in. Prior to beginning the project, which of the following should take place? A. set learning goals B. locate resources C. critically evaluate their work D. articulate learning

A. set learning goals - Students should write SMART goals to drive their learning experience. Incorrect B. resources will not be selected until after the goals are set. C. once the project is complete, the students will evaluate their work. D. by the end of the project, students will be able to articulate their learning.

A first grade teacher provides students a part/part/whole mat and cubes. The teacher asks the students to find a way to make the number 7 using the cubes on the mat. The teacher is most likely helping the students to understand A. the different number pairs that will equal the number 7 B. how to identify the number of items in a set C. how to show conversation of numbers D. how to compare numbers

A. the different number pairs that will equal the number 7 Students are using the cubes to find different ways to make the number 7. The different ways can be listed on chart paper as number pairs that equal 7.

A first-grade class cannot meet the unit's objective of writing a reflective essay on the book "Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry." What is most likely the problem? A. the objective is developmentally inappropriate for these students. B. the teacher's instructional pacing was too fast, preventing mastery. C. the students are not engaged in the content; the teacher should select a different text. D. the teacher most likely did not sequence lessons within the unit effectively.

A. the objective is developmentally inappropriate for these students. - The concepts in the novel are too difficult for first-grade students to fully understand, as are the skills required for writing an essay Incorrect B. because the objective is developmentally inappropriate, there is no instructional pacing that would lead to a positive outcome. C. there is no indication that lack of engagement is an issue. D. whole ineffective sequencing can lead to an unachieved objective, in this case there was no sequencing that would enable the students to achieve this goal.

A sixth-grade teacher arranges to have students witness the operation of the Michigan state legislature while it is in session. This activity will most help students understand which of the following aspects of government? A. the role of public discourse and debate in the lawmaking process B. the electoral strategies of political parties in state politics. C. the influence of the media on the policymaking process. D. the operation of the principle of constitutional supremacy.

A. the role of public discourse and debate in the lawmaking process.

A teacher has just provided students a general overview of a research project due at the end of the semester. Which of the following is most appropriate as a first task? A. to select a topic and locate some general information on the topic B. to develop an outline listing the main idea and supporting details C. to choose reliable primary and secondary resources D. to formulate an appropriate research question on a topic

A. to select a topic and locate some general information on the topic - The first step in any research project is to select a topic of interest and acquire background knowledge about it. Once general information on a topic is understood, a relevant question can be formulated. Incorrect B. prior to developing an outline, students need to select topics and formulate appropriate research questions C. resources should be selected after a topic has been selected and an appropriate research question has been formulated. D. research questions are best formulated after a topic has been selected and background knowledge acquired. Having a general idea of the issues surrounding the topic makes it easier to narrow the focus of a research project and formulate a relevant research question.

Which of the following is an example of prosody? A. using appropriate vocal cues when reading aloud B. decoding words correctly when reading aloud C. reading at an appropriate speed when reading aloud D. reading smoothly and steadily when reading aloud

A. using appropriate vocal cues when reading aloud - Prosody is a reader's ability to use appropriate vocal expressions when reading aloud. Incorrect B. decoding words correctly while reading aloud is an example of reading accuracy C. reading aloud at an appropriate speed is an example of reading rate. D. reading smoothly and steadily when reading aloud is an example of reading rate.

Using the table, which equation demonstrates the linear relationship between x and y? X Y 3 11 5 15 8. 21 A. y = 2x + 5 B. y = 5x + 5 C. y = 4x + 5 D. y = 3x + 5

A. y = 2x + 5 y = 2x + 5 is a linear relationship because 11 = 2(3) + 5. Substitute the x and y values into the equation.

Mr. Diego, the history teacher, will be giving a final test the day before grades are due for the semester. He needs an assessment that will cover all of the information that has been learned so far this year in a format that will be quick and easy to grade. Which format would work best for Mr. Diego? A. essay B selected response C. conferences D. portfolios

B selected response - selected responses are easy to grade and cover a breadth of information Incorrect A. essay tests do not cover as much information as other types of tests, therefore could not cover an entire semester of instruction. C. conferences are time-consuming and difficult to grade D. portfolios take a great deal of time to grade

A fourth-grade teacher places students into groups of four to six for reading activities. Each group works together to pick a book. They read each chapter independently, and then discuss the chapter as a group. The teacher assigns each member of the group a different role in the discussion. Which instructional method is this teacher using? A. Direct instruction B. Cooperative learning C. Jigsaw D. Socratic method

B. Cooperative learning - Group and student-led learning are the key markers of cooperative learning Incorrect A. in direct instruction, the teacher conveys information to the students. However, in this case the teacher is not directly involved in the activity C. when jigsawing, students focus on one element of a concept and then switch groups to each other. D. the Socratic Method is a teacher-led technique in which the teacher pushes students toward understanding by asking a series of questions

In which quadrant is the point (-5 , 2) located? II I III IV A. I B. II C. III D. IV

B. II Starting at the origin, move 5 units to the left, and then 2 units up.

A vending machine contains 12 types of snacks: some snacks are salty and some are sweet. The ratio of sweet snacks to salty snacks is 1:3. How many types of sweet snacks are in the vending machine? A. 1 B. 3 C. 4 D. 12

B. If there are 12 snacks total, the numbers on both sides of the ratio = 12. If both sides of the ratio are multiplied by 3, the number of salty to sweet would be 3:9. 3 sweet snacks plus 9 salty snacks equals 12 snacks in all.

Which of the following statements best describe an important feature of life among Native American groups in the region that is now Michigan during the period immediately before European arrival in the Americas? A. Native American groups lived in large permanent settlements along the banks of Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie. B. Major economic activities among Native American groups included agriculture, hunting, gathering, and fishing. C. Native American groups produced skillfully made baskets and bone tools that were traded throughout nearby regions. D. Most Native American groups built multistoried structures that served as forts and residences.

B. Major economic activities among Native American groups included agriculture, hunting, gathering, and fishing.

Andre will study in the school library, while his brother auditions for the school play. What error has been made in this sentence? A. the sentence is a run-on sentence B. No comma is necessary C. the dependent clause always comes first D. The adverb phrases belong before the verbs

B. No comma is necessary - When a dependent clause follows an independent clause in a complex sentence, a comma is not used before the subordinating conjunction. Incorrect A. the sentence is a complex sentence with incorrect punctuation between the independent clause and the dependent clause C. a dependent clause can come before or after an independent clause in a complex sentence. D. in this sentence, the adverb phrases work best by following the verbs they modify

Students are creating a model for the amount of weight a bridge can support. The students propose that all else being equal, the longer the bridge, the less weight it will be able to support. If the number 10 is a constant, L represents the length of the bridge, and W represents the amount of weight it can support, which of the following equations could be a model for this situation? A. W = (L/10) B. W = (10/L) C. W = 10L D. W = 10L^2

B. W = (10/L) Weight = constant divided by the length

Which of the following is an example of cross-cultural comparison? A. a chef studies variation in a recipe depending on the diner's preference for sweets. B. a Thai husband learns different holiday traditions from his wife, who is Chinese C. students compare the prices of groceries in different cities D. a career coach helps clients determine their goals

B. a Thai husband learns different holiday traditions from his wife, who is Chinese - Reviewing different holiday celebrations exemplifies studying different cultures Incorrect A. personal preferences are not an example of culture C. studying different prices is economic, not cultural, study. D. determining career goals relates to personal perferences

While reading the first drafts from a writing assignment, Mrs. Hamm notices that her students have a poor grasp of the proper use of commas. Which strategy would best serve Mrs. Hamm's goal of improving her students' understanding of comma usage? A. peer editing B. a mini-lesson C. a word investigation D. rewriting

B. a mini-lesson - A mini-lesson on using commas correctly would best serve the needs of the group and fill in the gaps of missing information. Incorrect A. peer editing is used during the revision stage of the writing process as a form of feedback before rewriting. However, if most students do not understand how to use commas correctly, they will not be able to edit for commas effectively. C. a word investigation would not help students understand the conventions of comma usage. D. providing a mini-lesson on the conventions of comma usage is the best strategy to ensure that students use commas correctly during the rewriting stage of the writing process.

Which of the following is considered to be a reliable source for research about California? A. a personal blog about living in Cali B. a research paper published by the State of Cali C. an advertisement for California real estate D. a letter to the editor about California roadways

B. a research paper published by the State of Cali - A published study by a government institution is a reliable research source. Incorrect A. a personal blog is an unreliable source for research on a broad topic C. advertisements present biased information and are therefore unreliable sources of information. D. letters to the editors of newspapers typically include opinions, which are unreliable sources of information

Which of the following could be used as an informal assessment for determining a student's understanding of solid shapes? A. a worksheet where students color each shape in a different color B. a teacher's observations and notes about each student during geometry work stations C. a multiple-choice test D. a group project about solid shapes

B. a teacher's observations and notes about each student during geometry work stations Teacher observations would be a valuable informal assessment in a classroom where students discuss shapes and their attributes during hands-on activities, and use reasoning skills when explaining their creations.

Ms. Frisillo notates the progress of her kindergarten students by indicating the date at which a child is able to master skills such as writing his or her name, identifying basic shapes, and memorizing his or her phone number. Which assessment tool is Ms. Frisillo using? A. rubric B. checklist C. anecdotal notes D. portfolio

B. checklist - Checklists outline student performance criteria that teachers mark as students show mastery of each required skill. Incorrect A. rubrics are fixed scales that measure performance with detailed descriptions of criteria that define each level of performance. C. Anecdotal notes are written records of the teacher's observations of a student. they are specific, objective, and focused on outlined criteria. D. students collect a variety of artifacts as evidence of learning to be evaluated when using portfolio assessments.

Read the excerpt from Treasure Island by Louis Stevenson I remember him as if it were yesterday, as he came plodding to the inn door, his sea-chest following behind him in a hand-barrow - a tall, strong, heavy, nut-brown man, his tarry pigtail falling over the shoulder of his soiled blue coat, his hands ragged and scarred, with black, broken nails, and the saber cut across one cheek, a dirty, livid white. This text is written from which point of view? A. second-person B. first-person C. third person objective D. third-person omniscient

B. first-person - First-person point of view is written directly from the perspective of one character. Incorrect A. second-person point of view is written from the perspective of an external "you." C. third-person objective point of view is written from the perspective of a detached narrator. D. third-person omniscient point of view is written from the perspective of an all-knowing, detached narrator.

Outside on the playground, a first-grade teacher engages students in a variety of short relay races. For the first relay, the students walk to the end pole and then turn around and run back. For the second relay, the students skip to the pole and then gallop back. For the third relay, the students hop to the pole and then leap back. This is a particularly appropriate activity for providing students with opportunities to: A. combine manipulative and nonlocomotor skills smoothly. B. gain practice in executing fundamental locomotor skills C. recognize the differences between self-space and general space. D. demonstrate their understanding of movement qualities related to force

B. gain practice in executing fundamental locomotor skills.

A kindergarten teacher puts students in pairs and gives each student a domino with dots on both ends. The teacher asks the students to count the number of dots and write the number on a whiteboard. The teacher then asks whose numbers are higher, whose are lower, and if any partners have equal numbers. The teacher is most likely helping the students understand: A. how to count the dots on a domino B. how to identify and compare numbers C. how to construct an addition sentence. D. how to write numbers

B. how to identify and compare numbers The students will identify and write down the correct number of dots. By discussing how many numbers of dots each student in the class has, the students are comparing numbers.

A kindergarten student has good oral language skills and enjoys looking at, listening to, and discussing informational picture books about a range of subjects. However, when the teacher reads aloud narrative texts, the student often seems restless and confused and is unable to answer basic questions about the story. Which of the following factors is most likely interfering with this student's construction of meaning? A. lack of ability to make text-to-text connections. B. limited experience with literary material. C. lack of understanding of question words. D. limited awareness of the alphabetic principle.

B. limited experience with literary material.

The illustration shows the life cycle of a beetle. The life cycle of a grasshopper, which undergoes gradual metamorphosis, differs from the life cycle of a beetle in that of the young grasshoppers: A. grow into adults more quickly, and do not need to mold as they grow. B. look like small adults and do not go through a larval or pupal stage. C. live in different habitats and eat different food from the adults. D. pupate and then become adults, but do not change in appearance or form

B. look like small adults and do not go through a larval or pupal stage.

Ms. Jules has read and discussed several alliterative poems with her students. As a follow-up assignment, each student will write and illustrate an alliterative sentence for a class book. Which prewriting activity will best help student prepare for the assignment? A. drawing a concept map B. making a list of words C. developing a story map D. planning an outline

B. making a list of words - a list of words that begin with the same letter can be used as a reference when writing an alliterative sentence. Incorrect A. concept maps are best used before writing work that includes a main idea and supporting details C. plot development is not necessary for this writing assignment D. an outline is too formal for this writing assignment. It would be used for more substantial research assignments.

As part of a social studies unit on the history and cultural development of the Harlem Renaissance, a teacher would like to play musical selections and demonstrate styles of dance associated with the Harlem Renaissance. Which of the following styles of dance should the teacher demonstrate? A. salsa B. modern dance C. ballet D. line dance

B. modern dance

A sixth-grade teacher is planning a unit on autobiography. Several students have expressed disinterest in reading nonfiction. which of the following student activities would most likely help engage students' interest in reading an autobiography? A. giving a multimedia presentation about the author's life to the class. B. portraying the author in appearance and personality while being interviewed by students from other classes. C. creating an illustrated timeline of key events in the life of the author. D. comparing and contrasting the lives of several authors of autobiographies during small-group discussions.

B. portraying the author in appearance and personality while being interviewed by students from other classes.

The primary purpose of a blocking rehearsal is to: A. review light and sound cues. B. practice where, when, and how actors will move about the stage. C. explore a variety of line readings. D. plan unimpeded sight lines from audience members to the stage.

B. practice where, when, and how actors will move about the stage.

Before students begin a new literature book, Ms. Bean introduces them to a list of vocabulary words from the book and has them work in groups to develop skits that demonstrate the meaning of each word. Which of the following is Ms. Bean demonstrating? A. thinking aloud B. scaffolding C. identification of signal words D. informed judgment

B. scaffolding - Ms. Bean is scaffolding instruction by pre-teaching difficult vocabulary so that meanings are easily accessed during reading. In this way, the teacher can focus student attention on another reading comprehension strategy (beyond vocabulary development) during reading Incorrect A. thinking aloud is when a teacher verbalizes thoughts and insights to model pausing and reflecting during reading to maximize and facilitate comprehension C. the identification of signal words is a reading comprehension strategy related to text structure. D. students are prompted to make informed judgements on a topic after the topic has been thoroughly investigated via different materials and sources.

A teacher is planning a unit on solving problems involving proportional reasoning. The teacher could best make connections between the algebra of ratios and proportion and spatial reasoning by including which of the following geometry topics in the lesson? A. finding the area of composite figures B. solving problems involving similar figures C. finding the sum of the angles in various polygons D. applying the Pythagorean theorem in real-world situations

B. solving problems involving similar figures.

According to Vygotsky, teaching occurs when A. students undergo natural cognitive developments. B. teachers provide students with the support needed to complete tasks they would otherwise be unable to finish on their own. C. students demonstrate mastery of a new skill or concept D. teachers offer students the independence to explore tasks on their own.

B. teachers provide students with the support needed to complete tasks they would otherwise be unable to finish on their own. - According to Vygotsky, teaching occurs in the zone of proximal development, between what a student can do independently and what he or she needs help to accomplish. Teachers are teaching when they provide the assistance that eventually allows a student to complete the task independently Incorrect A. while natural cognitive developments are a form of learning, according to Vygotsky, they are not related to teaching C. demonstration of mastery shows that learning has already occurred, but it does not indicate how the student learned this concept or skill - whether through development or teaching. D. teaching, according to Vygotsky, is an active process of helping students to bridge the gap between what they can and cannot do. Independent exploration does not involve a teacher's help.

Which of the following is NOT one of the amendments in the Bill of Rights? A. citizens have the right to bear arms B. the Senate must have equal representation C. citizens have the power of eminent domain D. the government cannot quarter troops in private homes

B. the Senate must have equal representation - The Bill of Rights does not determine representation in Congress Incorrect A. according to the second amendment, US citizens have the right to bear arms C. the fifth amendment states that private property cannot be seized for public use without proper compensation. D. the third amendment prohibits the government from quartering troops in private homes.

How did Martin Luther King and other activists achieve civil rights for black Americans? A. through violent uprisings B. using nonviolence C. with the help of the Soviet Union D. by lobbying Congress only

B. using nonviolence - Nonviolence was a defining characteristic of the mainstream Civil Rights Movement Incorrect A. for the most part, civil rights activists took a nonviolent approach in their work C. the civil rights movement was a domestic phenomenon D. civil rights activists did eventually succeed in getting civil rights legislation passed by working with the government; however, the movement was based in grassroots activism and protest

Tony needs to arrive at school at 8:10am. If it takes him 9 minutes to get out of the bed and brush his teeth, 12 minutes to get dressed, 18 minutes to eat breakfast, and 23 minutes to walk to school, when will he have to get up? Which of the following strategies would be most effective for solving this problem? A. modeling B. working backwards C. guessing and checking D. finding a pattern

B. working backwards

A mathematical equation is given by y - 5x + 2x^2 = x^2 + 6x + 3. Which of the following is an equivalent representation? A. y = -x^2 - x + 3 B. y = -x^2 + 11x + 3 C. y = 3x^2 - x + 3 D. y = 3x^2 + 11x + 3

B. y = -x^2 + 11x + 3

A box contains three blue blocks and two yellow blocks. Three blocks are drawn randomly from the box one at a time without replacement. Which of the following probability trees can be used to determine the probability that the blocks are drawn in the order of yellow, yellow, and then blue? A. B = 1/3 Y = 1/2 B = 1/3 Y = 1/2 B = 1/3 B. B = 3/5 Y = 2/5 B = 2/5 Y = 2/5 B = 3/5 C. B = 3/5 Y = 2/5 B = 3/4 Y = 1/4 B = 3/3 D. B = 1/3 Y = 1/2 B = 1/2 Y = 1/1 B = 1/1

C. B = 3/5 Y = 2/5 B = 3/4 Y = 1/4 B = 3/3

What is the perimeter of the regular polygon? length of a side = 2 in A. 4 in B. 8 in C. 10 in D. 32 in.

C. 10 in adding the length of each side will determine the perimeter and there are 5 sides of a regular polygon. 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10

Ken has 6 grades in English class. Each grade is worth 100 points. Ken has a 92% average in English. If Ken's first 5 grades are 90, 100, 95, 83, and 87, what did Ken make for the 6th grade? A. 80 B. 92 C. 97 D. 100

C. 97 If Ken has 6 scores that average 92%, his total number of points earned is found by multiplying 92 x 6 = 552. To find how many points he scored on the 6th test, subtract the sum of the other scores from 552. 90 + 100 + 95 + 83 + 87 + 100 = 555; 555 / 6 = 92

Mr. Couch has his students take turns doing show-and-tell presentations every Friday afternoon. Which of the following is a primary benefit of show-and-tell opportunities for students? A. Students make decisions about what to share B. Students rest at the end of a busy week C. Students practice speaking in front of an audience D. Students are rewarded for doing their homework

C. Students practice speaking in front of an audience - Opportunities for show-and-tell provide students with practice speaking in front of an audience. The audience members also receive practice exercising their active listening skills. Incorrect A. while students do make decisions about what to share, this is secondary to the practice they receive speaking in front of an audience using proper delivery and audience awareness. B. while students may enjoy show-and-tell, it is still an academic practice when the teacher applies expectations for speaking in front of an audience and active listening. D. show-and-tell benefits students by giving them practice speaking in front of an audience, which is an important skill, as opposed to an appropriate reward.

Mr. Clayborne wants to gather information about Charity's progress in reading to help him target her small group instruction. Which assessment is most appropriate for him to use? A. state standardized test B. aptitude test C. anecdotal records D. intelligence test

C. anecdotal records - Anecdotal records are an informational assessment that helps guide instruction Incorrect A. provide accountability information to agencies. B. help determine student's strengths in comparison to other students of the same age. D. help diagnose exceptionalities.

Students have been placed in small groups to prepare reader's theater presentations that they will perform for each other. How might each group best meet the needs of its audience? A. by reciting their lines in quiet voices during the performance B. by passing around a script to read from during the performance C. by using classroom materials as props during the performance D. by skipping some parts of the story during the performance

C. by using classroom materials as props during the performance - Props add interesting visuals to a performance and reinforce comprehension Incorrect A. reciting lines in quiet voices makes it difficult for an audience to hear important details B. reading from a shared script interrupts the flow of a performance and causes the audience to become restless. D. skipping some parts of a story is confusing to an audience

Mr. Falls is reading aloud from a predictable picture book. he has written a refrain from the story on a sentence strip that is displayed on a pocket chart. Each time the refrain occurs in the story, Mr. Fall signals his students to read aloud with him as he points to each word. Which of the following is Mr. Falls demonstrating? A. decoding B. predicting C. concept of print D. word analysis

C. concept of print - by having students listen to predictable text and chant the refrain with him as he points to individual words, Mr. Falls is reinforcing concepts of print, clarifying that words and letters convey meaning, words are constructed of letters, and text is read from left to right. Incorrect A. in decoding, Mr. Falls would model how to pronounce words using knowledge of letter-sound relationships. B. to demonstrate predicting, Mr. Falls would pause to ask students what they think might happen next in the story's plot development. D. Mr. Falls is not demonstrating word analysis because he is not asking students to break apart words into roots and affixes in order to determine the words' meanings.

Mrs. Franco's students meet with her individually so that she can ask them questions about what they have learned. Which assessment format is Mrs. Franco using? A. performance B. observation C. conference D. portfolio

C. conference - Conferences are meetings between teacher and student in which learning is orally assessed and evaluated. Incorrect A. performances give students the opportunity to present their learning as teachers watch to assess mastery of learning goals B. observation is when a teacher watches a student engaged in a learning activity to find evidence of learning D. students collect a variety of artifacts as evidence of learning to be evaluated when using portfolio assessments.

Researchers are conducing a study on effectiveness of a new medication to control pain. One hundred individuals who are experiencing moderate levels of pain participate in the study. Fifty participants will be given the medication and 50 will be given a placebo. Over the course of several weeks, individuals will be interviewed to determine their levels of pain. Which of the following strategies would be most effective for reducing bias on the part of the researchers? A. collecting only data that can be quantified. B. adding 100 individuals who are experiencing severe pain to the study C. ensuring that the interviewers do not know who was given the placebo or the medication. D. replicating the experiment using a different pool who are experiencing a range of pain levels.

C. ensuring that the interviewers do not know who was given the placebo or the medication.

A second grade teacher has given students manipulative and whiteboards. The teacher writes the following equation on the board: 12 + 5 = 9 + ? and has the students write and solve the problem. Which algebraic concept is the teacher assessing? A. patterning B. variables C. equivalency of numbers D. graphing

C. equivalency of numbers The students are being asked to find the number that will make a number sentence equivalent, or the same, as another number sentence.

Read the passage below; then answer the question that follows: Scientific and technological advances have led to the development of computer technology that is smaller, faster, and more versatile with each new innovation. Huge amounts of information are accessible at all times. Instant communication via e-mail, voice, video, and text messaging is possible all over the world. Virtual friendships exchange information continuously at social networking sites. At the same time, many believe that this technology has contributed to information overload, increased social isolation, reduced attention span, and declining social skills for many individuals. The passage above best illustrates that technological innovations often: A. require that certain social and economic conditions be presented before they are accepted. B. are made possible by breakthroughs in one or more areas of science. C. have unforeseen consequences that offset some of their advantages. D. are gradually accepted by all segments of society.

C. have unforeseen consequences that offset some of their advantages

A fourth-grade teacher has students attach the terminals of a small light-emitting diode (LED) to an electric motor. The students then vigorously sign the shaft of the motor and observe that the LED gives off a quick flash of light. The principle demonstrated in this exercise could best be used to help explain A. how energy is stored in batteries B. why refrigerators are able to cool warm air. C. how electricity is generated in large power plants. D. why a balloon sticks to a wall after rubbing it on a sweater.

C. how electricity is generated in large power plants

The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution prohibits the enactment of laws "abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or of the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances." This amendment best illustrates the importance that the U.S. system of government places on the: A. responsibility of citizens to obey the laws of the land. B. need for citizens to promote the general welfare over individual interests. C. participation of citizens in the determination of public policy. D. willingness of citizens to embrace the concept of a diverse society.

C. participation of citizens in the determination of public policy.

A teacher says hat and instructs students to produce the sounds they hear in the word. Which strategy is the teacher using to build phoneme awareness? A. phoneme blending B. phoneme deletion C. phoneme segmentation D. phoneme substitution

C. phoneme segmentation - The strategy of phoneme segmentation requires students to separate the phonemes in a word. Incorrect A. the strategy of phoneme blending requires students to combine phonemes to make a word. B. the strategy of phoneme deletion requires students to remove phonemes in words to make new words. D. the strategy of phoneme substitution requires students to replace phonemes in words to make new words.

Which strategy would best help Mr. Green develop his students' reading vocabularies? A. having students peer edit each other's short stories B. conducing a mini-lesson on using a dictionary C. providing weekly opportunities for word investigations D. brainstorming a list of words in a particular category

C. providing weekly opportunities for word investigations - Consistently providing opportunities for students to investigate words in-depth increases the probability that they will retain comprehension of the words over time. Incorrect A. peer editing is used during the revision stage of the writing process as a form of feedback before rewriting. Vocabulary development may occur, but it is not the focus of the task. B. learning how to use a dictionary is an important skill, but it does not necessarily increase vocabulary development over time in a systematic way. D. brainstorming a list of words in a particular category is a good prewriting strategy, but it is unlikely that it would significantly increase students' reading vocabularies because students are most likely suggesting words they already know.

An island sea that existed 50 million years ago slowly dries up As it dries, the deep water near the center of the sea becomes shallower and the beaches surrounding the sea move inward. Eventually the sea completely disappears. Which of the following series of deposits would most likely result form this event? A. shale, limestone, sandstone, salt B. limestone, salt, shale, sandstone C. salt, sandstone, shale, limestone D. sandstone, limestone, salt, shale

C. salt, sandstone, shale, limestone

A student who has mastered six high-frequency letter-sound correspondences and can segment and blend CVC words presented orally is most likely ready to begin instruction in which of the following reading skills? A. decoding other word types and phonics patterns. B. learning how to pronounce words with consonant clusters. C. sounding out printed CVC words letter by letter. D. reading short passages containing primarily CVC words

C. sounding out printed CVC words letter by letter.

Which of the following is NOT an example of human geography? A. studying the importance of trade among Central American countries B. examining regional differences in cuisine around the world C. studying the distribution of fauna and flora in North America D. deciding whether to build retail outlets based on local population

C. studying the distribution of fauna and flora in North America - Studying only flora and fauna is physical geography; the geographer is not styling human interactions with or impact on the earth Incorrect A. studying international trade explorers how the physical environment (differing countries) affects human behavior (trade agreements) B. studying dishes from different regions relates to studying human behavior, consumption, and resource use in a geographical area D. studying population and developing a commercial zone is an exercise in human geography and urban development

Mr. Ferguson's students are taking an end-of-course exam that they must pass as a graduation requirement. Which type of assessment are they taking? A. diagnostic assessment B. formative assessment C. summative assessment D. intelligence test

C. summative assessment - Summative assessments evaluate what students have learned. Incorrect A. diagnostic assessments determine background knowledge and skills before a learning experience. B. Formative assessments provide information that guides instruction D. intelligence tests help diagnose exceptionalities.

A sixth-grade teacher observes that an advanced-level English Language Learner's oral reading lacks fluency. Although the student can accurately decode the words in an English text and has good comprehension of the meaning of the text, he sometimes uses inappropriate phrasing, intonation, and word stress. Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for this student's reading behavior? A. the student's expressive vocabulary in English is less developed than in receptive vocabulary. B. the student is generalizing regular letter-sound correspondences to irregular words. C. the student's primary language is influencing his production of English. D. the student's academic-language skills are less developed than his social-language skills.

C. the student's primary language is influencing his production of English.

Which of the following is true of quantitative measures of text complexity? A. they are task considerations determined by professional judgement B. they are analytical measurements determined by knowledge demands C. they are statistical measurements determined by computer algorithms D. they are leveling measurements determined by text structure

C. they are statistical measurements determined by computer algorithms - Quantitative measures are objective and based on statistics Incorrect A. quantitative measures of text complexity are free of human judgement. B. the analysis of knowledge demands is qualitative measure of text complexity D. leveling measurements based on text structure are qualitative measures.

Throughout the school year, students in a fourth-grade class create a portfolio of their artworks. In the spring, the teacher plans a class art exhibit in the school library media center. Students will select their favorite artwork to exhibit and will write a paragraph to hang next to it. Which of the following teacher strategies would likely be most effective for promoting students' ability to convey information about their artwork in their paragraphs? A. giving students a scoring rubric showing how their artwork and paragraphs will be graded. B. providing students with sample paragraphs that previous students have written about their artwork. C. using art-related vocabulary regularly when discussing students' artwork with them. D. setting aside time to meet individually with students to help them select the artwork for the exhibit.

C. using art-related vocabulary regularly when discussing students' artwork with them.

Which expression is equivalent to dividing 400 by 16? A. 2(200 - 8) B. (400 / 4) / 12 C. (216 / 8) + (184 / 8) D. (216 / 16) + (184 / 16)

D. (216 / 16) + (184 / 16) - 400 / 16 = 25. order of operations says to solve the parentheses first; (216 / 16) + (184 /16) = 13.5 + 11.5 = 25

Two numbers, A and B, are shown below in expanded notation. A = 7x10^3 + 4x10^2 + 5x10^1 B = 3x10^1 + 2x10^0 When A x B is calculated, what digit will be in the thousands place of the product? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 8

D. 8 A = 7,000 + 400 + 50 B = 30 + 2 A x B = 7450 x 32 A x B = 238,400

Which of the following objectives is the most effective? A. students will read three books about wild cats. B. talk to students about different types of wild cats. C. students will appreciate the diversity of wild cats that exist. D. Students will compare and contrast three different types of wild cats.

D. Students will compare and contrast three different types of wild cats. - The objective is measurable, student-focused, and based on student outcomes, not process Incorrect A. the objective describes what the students will do during the lesson or unit, not the skill or knowledge that they will be able to demonstrate B. the objective is teacher-focused instead of student-focused C. the students' appreciation for wild cats cannot be measured.

Given that ABCD below is a parallelogram, which of the following characteristics of ABCD justifies the conclusion that opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal in length? A. Line AB is parallel to line CD B. Angle A is congruent to angle C. C. Triangle ADC is similar to triangle CBA. D. Triangle ABC is congruent to triangle CDA.

D. Triangle ABC is congruent to triangle CDA. Congruent means identical in form. They have the same shape and size.

A middle school student is conducing research for a health project on juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following types of internet resources would be most appropriate for this purpose? A. a chat group or discussion forum where individuals or families affected by juvenile rheumatoid arthritis share their personal stories and offer advice. B. Web sites for products designed to alleviate joint pain associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with testimonials from individuals who purchased the products. C. online medical journals that describe research studies focusing on new treatments for individuals with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. D. Web sites of government or nonprofit organizations designed to provide information and support for individuals or families affected by juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

D. Web sites of government or nonprofit organizations designed to provide information and support for individuals or families affected by juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Which of the following happened to Jewish people under the Nazi regime? A. their homes and businesses were attacked and destroyed B. they were forced to live in ghettoes, overcrowded neighborhoods with poor living conditions C. they were sent to concentration camps and murdered D. all of the above

D. all of the above - Under the Nazis, Jewish people were forced to live in ghettoes; their businesses and homes were destroyed; and they suffered other persecutions. Jews, communists, Roma, homosexuals, and others were also forced into slave labor in concentration camps, and millions were murdered Incorrect A. While Jewish people suffered such attacks under the Nazis, they faced other consequences as well. B. Jewish people were indeed forced to live in ghettoes; however, they are persecuted in other ways and so there is a better answer choice here. C. Millions of Jews were sent to concentration camps, forced into slave labor, and murdered. However, there is a better answer choice here.

Which strategy is most typically used to grab the audience's attention at the beginning of an oral presentation? A. eye contact B. a statement of topic C. a loud voice D. an engaging hook

D. an engaging hook - An engaging hook prior to the introduction of an oral presentation is typically used to grab the audience's attention Incorrect A. eye contact is a strategy for maintaining an audience's interests during an oral presentation, but it is not the most effective strategy for gaining the audience's attention B. the introduction of an oral presentation must include a statement of topic, but it is best introduced by an engaging hook to gain the audiences attention C. using a loud voice is not the best strategy for grabbing an audience's attention because it could be received as unprofessional or ill-mannered.

When introducing equations to students, which step should Ms. Martin take first? A. assign students to work with a partner to solve 3x + 5 = 20 on whiteboards B. assign students to work individually to solve 3x + 5 = 20 on paper C. assign students to work with a partner to draw a picture representing 3x + 5 = 20. D. assign students to use mats and counters to demonstrate 3x + 5 = 20

D. assign students to use mats and counters to demonstrate 3x + 5 = 20 Using concrete objects will help students obtain a conceptual understanding of the mathematical principles behind solving equations.

Students in a sixth-grade class are designing a Web site on which they will post their science research reports on invasive species in the Great Lakes. A teacher-guided discussion of which of the following concepts related to visual arts would best help students arrange the visual elements they have chosen to use on the Web page? A. perspective B. texture C. scale D. balance

D. balance

Which of the following options best exemplifies inferential comprehension? A. recognizing cause-and-effect relationships in a science text about the processes of condensation and evaporation. B. making connections between past personal experiences and information presented in an article about nutrition. C. following a sequence of steps in a set of written instructions for creating a pattern using stencils and paint. D. determining an author's point of view in a social studies text about the consequences of industrialization.

D. determining an author's point of view in a social studies text about the consequences of industrialization.

Students in a second-grade class notice there is more snow on the north side of the school than on the south side, and they ask their teacher why the two sides of the building have different amounts of snow. Which of the following activities should the teacher carry out next in order to promote students' use of inquiry processes? A. demonstrating with a ball and flashlight how the tilt of the earth causes the sun to be in the southern sky during the winter in the Northern Hemisphere. B. having the students use books and the internet to research the seasons and the path of the sun in the sky throughout the year. C. putting the students into groups and giving each group a location around the school at which they will regularly measure and record the snow depth. D. discussing with the students various reasons why the north side of the building might have more snow than the south side.

D. discussing with the students various reasons why the north side of the building might have more snow than the south side.

A fourth-grade teacher regularly has students maintain individual learning logs of their observations and questions during science experiments. Students then share and discuss their learning-log entry with a partner before the whole class meets to draw conclusions about what they learned. This approach to fostering student learning best demonstrates the teacher's recognition of the importance of: A. helping students make connections and comparisons between different modes of communication. B. considering students' physical, social, and cognitive development when planning academic instruction. C. encouraging students to consider pragmatic elements when listening and speaking in academic situations. D. Enhancing students' understanding of content-area concepts through reading, writing, listening, and speaking.

D. enhancing students' understanding of content-area concepts through reading, writing, listening, and speaking

When elementary students are participating in physical activities, the teacher can best help promote personal traits such as perseverance and confidence by: A. giving constant verbal praise and encouragement. B. making sure students participate in activities at which they regularly succeed. C. planning activities that minimize competition between students. D. focusing students on setting and achieving individual goals

D. focusing students on setting and achieving individual goals

A kindergarten teacher notices that some students are having difficulty developing understanding of the alphabetic principle and letter-sound correspondence. Which of the following strategies would be most effective to use first in addressing the students' needs? A. helping the students develop automaticity recognizing grade-level-appropriate, high-frequency words. B. having the students practice identifying all the printed words in a book that begin with the same letter. C. assessing the students' ability to write both uppercase and lowercase letters clearly and accurately. D. focusing the students' attention on letters whose sound-symbol relationships are most consistent.

D. focusing the students' attention on letters whose sound-symbol relationships are most consistent.

Which of the following concepts involves understanding how the forms and structures of words contribute to their meanings? A. phonology B. mechanics C. paraphrasing D. morphology

D. morphology - Morphology investigates how the forms and structures of words contribute to their meanings. Incorrect A. phonology focuses on the relationships between the oral sounds that make up a language. B. mechanics is concerned with the conventions of print, such as punctuation, that are used to provide pacing and expression cues in written text. C. paraphrasing is the ability to restate a spoken or written message in one's own words.

Which of the following is an example of an informal assessment? A. annual state testing B. college admissions tests C. IQ tests D. portfolio assessments

D. portfolio assessments - Portfolio assessments are informal tests that are used by teachers to make instructional decisions. Incorrect A. annual state testing is a formal test that is used primarily for accountability purposes B. college admissions tests are standardized, formal assessments. C. IQ tests are formal assessments

Controversy over the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 illustrated which of the following? A. immigration B. Reconstruction C. westward expansion D. sectionalism

D. sectionalism - The Kansas-Nebraska Act further divided the nation over slavery Incorrect A. The Kansas-Nebraska Act did not address population movements into the country from overseas. B. Reconstruction happened when the Civil War was over in 1865. C. the United States had already controlled this territory since the Louisiana Purchase

Which of the following is an example of a representative democracy? A. citizens vote on legislation B. citizens vote on constitutional amendments C. citizens can directly vote for policies D. the House must have proportional representation in order to adequately reflect population size

D. the House must have proportional representation in order to adequately reflect population size - Representatives are elected to the House to represent the people; they vote on legislation on their behalf Incorrect A. in a representative democracy, citizens vote for representatives who vote on legislation B. citizens amend a constitution in a direct democracy C. this is an example of direct democracy, where the people do not elect representatives to vote on policy for them.

During the past century, the location of human settlements in most parts of North Africa and Southwest Asia has been most influenced by A. their proximity to regional trade routes B. the existence of religious sites C. their proximity to oil deposits D. the existence of available water supplies

D. the existence of available water supplies

A second-grade student repeatedly throws wads of papers across the room. A reacher using positive behavior supports would respond in which of the following ways? A. the teacher reminds the student of this classroom rule: "no throwing objects." B. the teacher stops class to discipline the student C. the teacher makes the student stand in the corner of the room for the remainder of the day D. the teacher monitors the student to determine why he or she was throwing the paper.

D. the teacher monitors the student to determine why he or she was throwing the paper. - Positive behavior supports is based on the idea that all behavior is rational. Therefore, the teacher focuses on addressing the root of the behavior than the behavior itself. Incorrect A. focusing on clearly established rules is an element of assertive discipline, not positive behavior supports. B. this would reinforce the student's misbehavior, only increasing the likelihood he or she will continue to throw paper. C. making the student stand in the corner of the room is an inappropriately harsh response to the misbehavior; this punishment provides reinforcing attention, and it does not address the cause of the misbehavior.

Read the sentence from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by Frank Baum. "There now came a sharp whistling in the air from the south, and as they turned their eyes that way they saw ripples in the grass coming from that direction also." How would the tone of the sentence change if sharp were replaced by gentle? A. the tone of the sentence would remain the same. B. the tone of the sentence would become more negative. C. the tone of the sentence would be indistinguishable. D. the tone of the sentence would become more positive.

D. the tone of the sentence would become more positive. - The use of gentle instead of sharp would change the tone of the sentence by making the storm seem less threatening and more playful. Incorrect A. the word gentle has a more positive connotation than sharp, so the tone of the sentence would change to one that is positive instead of negative. B. the word gentle has a more positive connotation than sharp, so the tone of the sentence changes to suggest that the storm is more playful than sinister. C. a writer's word choice always give texts a recognizable tone

A kindergarten teacher gives students picture cards of various activities carried out throughout the day; she then asks the students to sort the pictures into groups and explain their reasoning. The teacher is most likely trying to assess A. whether the students can determine which activities will take more and less time during the day. B. whether the students can match digital time cards to each picture card. C. whether the students can match each picture card to an analog time card. D. whether the students can identify which activities are done during each time of the day (morning, afternoon, night).

D. whether the students can identify which activities are done during each time of the day (morning, afternoon, night). The students will sort the picture cards into morning, afternoon, and night groups; then they will explain why each card belongs in its group.

What is the volume of the triangular prism shown in the diagram below? Length = 5cm Width = 3cm Height = 2 cm A. 30 cubic centimenters B. 18 cubic centimeters C. 15 cubic centimeters D. 10 cubic centimeters

V = (1/2) bh x L C. 15 cubic centimeters V = (3 x 2) x 5 V = 30/2 V = 15