Multiple choice

According to Eric Foner, the federal government contributed to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century by: a. granting land to railroads, removing Indians from desirable lands in the West, and enacting high tariffs. b. enacting federal child labor laws, minimum wage laws, and maximum power laws. c. banning segregation in federal buildings, and offering free education to freemen. d. ratifying the Equal Rights Amendment, and guaranteeing women the right to vote.

A

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the years from 1873 to 1897 were known as: a. the Great Depression. b. the Jazz Age. c. the Age of Jackson. d. Reconstruction.

A

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence? a. Dawes Act; Wounded Knee massacre; Ghost Dance campaign; battle of Little Big Horn b. Munn v. Illinois; Wabash v. Illinois; Interstate Commerce Act; Lochner v. New York c. founding of Knights of Labor; Haymarket Affair; Great Railroad Strike of 1877; close of Reconstruction d. Sherman Antitrust Act; Interstate Commerce Act; Civil Service Act; Panic of 1873

B

Which of the following was not a theme of Social Darwinism? a. Charles Darwin's scientific theories help to explain—and justify—class inequalities in industrial society. b. The growing gulf between the haves and the have-nots poses a dire threat to American freedom. c. By and large, the poor have only themselves to blame for their misfortune. d. Government initiatives to ease the hardships of the poor are misguided.

B

Between 1870 in 1920, how many immigrants arrived from overseas? a. 11 million b. 1 million c. 25 million d. 65 million

C

By 1913, the United States produced how much of the world's industrial output? a. 5 percent b. 10 percent c. one-third d. half

C

In the late nineteenth century, the Republican Party found particularly strong support among all of the following except: a. Protestant immigrants. b. African-Americans. c. Irish Americans. d. Union veterans.

C

In which industry did Andrew Carnegie make his fortune? a. mercantile b. steamboats c. steel d. oil

C

The 1887 Dawes Act: a. established federal railroad rates, making interlocking directorates illegal. b. established a federal minimum wage law for women and children. c. led to the loss of tribal lands and the erosion of Indian cultural traditions. d. guaranteed federal employees an eight-hour day.

C

The first federal agency intended to regulate economic activity, and ensure that railroad rates were reasonable, and favoritism was avoided was: a. The Sherman Antitrust Act. b. The Dawes Act. c. The Interstate Commerce Commission. d. The Civil Service Act.

C

The industrial revolution in the United States took place principally in: a. the Southeast and Southwest. b. the mid-Atlantic states and the Southwest. c. the Northeast and the Midwest. d. the Southwest and Northwest.

C

The phrase that best captures the vision of the Knights of Labor is: a. "Survival of the fittest." b. "Liberty of contract." c. "Cooperative commonwealth." d. "Laissez-faire."

C

The political "boss" of New York City in the early 1870s was: a. Charles Dudley Warner. b. Schuyler Colfax. c. William Marcy Tweed. d. James A. Garfield.

C

What was the book in which Henry George proposed a "single tax" on real estate that would replace all other taxes? a. Looking Backward b. Civic Engagement c. Progress and Poverty d. The Cooperative Commonwealth

C

Which census revealed for the first time that there were more non- farming jobs than farming jobs in the United States? a. 1860 b. 1870 c. 1880 d. 1900

C

The politics of Gilded Age America was said to be: a. a time of dishonesty and corruption in which corporations battled each other for special consideration by local state and federal governments. b. an era of golden opportunity for migrants, immigrants, and Native Americans. c. a glittering Jazz Age and time for youthful rebellion. d. a golden age, like that of the period of the American founding, in the late eighteenth century.

A

The spirit of innovation contributed importantly to the dynamic and expansive growth of the American economy in the late nineteenth century. Which of the following was not an innovation of the 1870s and 1880s? a. the airplane b. typewriter c. telephone d. handheld camera

A

Which of the following best describes the "Ghost Dance?" a. feared by U.S. Army officials b. an Irish folk dance c. a traditional rain dance d. an Anasazi dance paying tribute to Kokopelli

A

Which of the following was not a key episode of the "great upheaval" of 1886? a. America's first nationwide railroad strike b. the Haymarket Affair c. Henry George's New York mayoral campaign d. nationwide demonstrations for an eight-hour day

A

Which of the following was not true of the second industrial revolution? a. A boom in automobile manufacture spurred the rise of oil, rubber, and steel production. b. More than any other sector, the railroad was the engine of the industrialization. c. Some companies rose to dominance by operating at a loss and underselling their rivals. d. Some companies beat out the competition by taking over more stages of production and distribution.

A

In 1890, the distribution of wealth in the United States was: a. about equally distributed. b. the top 1 percent of Americans owned more property than the remaining 99 percent c. unknown, as data on wealth was not then collected d. equal.

B

Two of the Gilded Age's leading business figures were: a. Henry George and Thomas A. Edison. b. Thomas A. Scott and Andrew Carnegie. c. Henry Demarest Lloyd and John D. Rockefeller. d. Terence V. Powderly and William Graham Sumner.

B

What was the name of the organization that sought to organize both skilled and unskilled workers, women as well as men, blacks along with whites, and achieved a membership of nearly 800,000 in 1886? a. the Workingman's Union b. the Knights of Labor c. the American Federation of Labor d. the Congress of Industrial Organizations

B

Which of the following can be associated with the death of the Knights of Labor? a. Great Railroad Strike b. Haymarket Square c. International Ladies' Garment Workers Union Strike d. Carnegie Steel Strike

B

Which of the following was not a major reason for the decline and subjugation of the American Indian? a. Valuable natural resources out West gave U.S. settlers a powerful incentive to remove Indians. b. The widespread image of Indians as barbaric discouraged measures to protect their independence. c. Indifference to the advantages of guns and horses weakened Indian resistance to U.S. military power. d. The U.S. government regularly broke treaties designating which land would remain in the hands of the Indians.

C

All of the following were "captains of industry" except: a. John D. Rockefeller. b. Andrew Carnegie. c. J.P. Morgan. d. Samuel Gompers.

D

Which of the following was John D. Rockefeller's company? a. U.S. Steel b. Triangle Shirtwaist Company c. Union Pacific Railroad d. Standard Oil Company

D

Which of the following was not a focus of debate between Democrats and Republicans during the Gilded Age? a. laws governing cultural habits b. tariffs on imported goods c. memories of the Civil War and Reconstruction d. federal income tax levels

D

Which was not a central factor in the explosive economic growth in the second Industrial Revolution? a. the country's abundant natural resources b. growing supply of labor c. expanded markets for manufactured goods d. low tariffs

D