Muscles of the Arm and Forearm: Origin, Insertion, and Action

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Triceps brachii

Origin: Long head: inferior margin of glenoid fossa of scapula; Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus; Medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to origin of lateral head. Insertion: olecranon process of ulna. Action: extension of forearm; long head extends and adducts arm.

Biceps brachii

Origin: Long head: superior margin of glenoid fossa of scapula; short head: coracoid process of scapula. Insertion: radial tuberosity of radius; fascia of medial forearm via bicipital aponeurosis. Action: flexion and supination of forearm; flexion of arm.

Pronator quadratus

Origin: anterior surface of distal ulna. Insertion: anterior surface of distal radius. Action: pronation of the forearm.

Brachialis

Origin: anterior surface of humerus. Insertion: coronoid process of ulna. Action: flexion of forearm.

Flexor pollicis longus

Origin: anterior surface of radius; interosseous membrane. Insertion: distal phalanx of thumb. Action: flexion of the wrist and thumb.

Coracobrachialis

Origin: coracoid process of scapula. Insertion: medial surface of humerus. Action: flexion and adduction of arm.

Extensor digitorum

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus. Insertion: extensor expansions of medial four digits. Action: extension of wrist and fingers.

Extensor digiti minimi

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus. Insertion: extensor expansions of the fifth digit. Action: extension of the fifth digit.

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus. Insertion: metacarpal of the third digit. Action: extension and abduction of the wrist.

Anconeus

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus. Insertion: olecranon process of ulna. Action: very weak extension of the forearm.

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior surface of ulna. Insertion: metacarpal of the fifth digit. Action: extension and adduction of the wrist.

Supinator

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus; proximal ulna. Insertion: posterior, lateral, and anterior surfaces of proximal radius. Action: supination of the forearm.

Brachioradialis

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus. Insertion: lateral surface of distal radius. Action: flexion of the forearm.

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus. Insertion: metacarpal of the second digit. Action: extension and abduction of the wrist.

Flexor digitorum profundus

Origin: medial and anterior surfaces of ulna; interosseous membrane. Insertion: distal phalanges of medial four digits. Action: flexion of wrist and fingers.

Flexor carpi radialis

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus. Insertion: base of metacarpal of the second digit. Action: flexion and abduction of the wrist.

Palmaris longus

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus. Insertion: flexor retinaculum; palmar aponeurosis. Action: flexion of the wrist.

Pronator teres

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus; coronoid process of ulna. Insertion: lateral surface of radius. Action: pronation and flexion of the forearm.

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus; coronoid process of ulna; anterior surface of radius. Insertion: middle phalanges of medial four digits. Action: flexion of wrist and fingers.

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus; olecranon process of ulna. Insertion: medial carpal bones; metacarpal of fifth digit. Action: flexion and adduction of the wrist.

Extensor pollicis brevis

Origin: posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane. Insertion: proximal phalanx of thumb. Action: extends thumb.

Extensor pollicis longus

Origin: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane. Insertion: distal phalanx of thumb. Action: extends thumb.

Extensor indicis

Origin: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane. Insertion: extensor expansion of second digit. Action: extends the second digit.

Abductor pollicis longus

Origin: posterior surfaces of radius and ulna; interosseous membrane. Insertion: metacarpal of thumb. Action: abducts and extends thumb.


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