Music 143, test #3

"Trans-Europe Express"

Kraftwerk (1977) ELECTRO-POP >sound did not have commercial appeal >>German Avant-Garde

"Heart of Glass"

Blondie (1978), Album: Parellel Line >think of musical tradition and instrumentation >almost disco-off beat-hi-hat sounds. use of synthesizers which was not stardard rock or punk-rock tradition>distinguished as NEW WAVE rather than Punk-Rock 2nd album: Autoamerican (1980) *"Rapture"* >introduction for many in audience to "rap" tradition (not a good rap but many people had never heard any form before)

Venues involved with Early Punk: NY

CBGB: (stands for country, blues-grass, blues, but famous for Punk and New Wave) 315 Bowery (Bowery and Bleecker) -Patti Smith (originally began as poet) is credited for making CBGB famous and a breeding ground of Punk Kansas City: 213 Park Ave South (E 33rd&32nd)

"People are People"

Depeche Mode (1984) Album: Some Great Reward >Played on all electronic instruments but tried to give music a more commercial, poppy appeal >>vocals are clear and melodic form: song starts with a chorus: a technique used to quickly hook an audience

Meanwhile on FM Radio...

"More Than A Feeling" Boston (1976) "Feels Like The First Time" Foreigner (1977) "Lights" Journey (1978) "I'm Waiting For The Man" The Velvet Underground (1967): debut album pictured above and self titled was produced by Andy Warhol and represented the roots of Punk in the US before the 1970s, though at this time it went largely unnoticed, it is considered an extremely significant album to the history of Punk. they were experimenters obsessed with dark downtown reality. "I Wanna Be Your Dog" Iggy Pop/The Stooges (1969) detroit based band, made mark in late 60s as an outrageous performer, challenged the audience at every show. "an eccentric rebel" "Kick Out The Jams" MC5 (1969): another detroit based band who would become important to the later punk scene-aggressive sound. "Personality Crisis" The New York Dolls (1973). Arguably the most important band of New York Underground Punk scene -Element of confrontation and profanity in the majority of punk music

The 1970: Motown (again), R&B, Soul, and Funk

...

Merge Records (founded in 1989)

*Notable Artists *technology has enabled small labels to spread the word on their local bands to further reaching audiences and at a much greater pace

The Dominance of Pop, Part I: 1980-84

...MTV was the biggest thing to happen at the time, only on cable, helped cable become widely successful: First Video was August 1st 1981: "Video Killed The Radio Star" - The Buggles (Promo video from '79) ...Artist who recognized the significance of video took advantage of media and benefited greatly

Who Was Listening to Punk?

...The beginning of Rock & Roll

Progressive Rock

1. Emphasis on musicality/virtuosity 2. Ambitious topics (philosophy, spirituality, religion, politics, literature, etc. 3. Extended/unique musical forms 4. Blending of rock/psychedelia/classical

Singer/Songwriters and the Return to Simplicity

1. Emphasis on vocals, instruments support vocal delivery 2. Lyrical topics address relationships; introspective; thereapeutic 3. Conventional musical forms; form should never get in the way of lyrics 4. Roots in the folk movement *honesty and sincerity; tendency to identify singer with what is being sung; authenticity

Backlash against Disco

Anti-disco rally in Chicago, 1979 "Disco sucks" slogan became popular possible reasons of backlash: direct opposition to hippie aesthetic that was the basis for 1970 rock. Music for fun rather than serious issues Artists had less creative authority Homophobia (obvious in songs such as, "YMCA"- which celebrates a place to meet other gay men) *But most rock fans had no idea that disco originated in gay night spots... other reasons for the hate: >Racism: Disco was equated with black music to a certain extent >Offended rockers because it was not about listening to the music but about dancing to it*most significant was the latter: the rejection of the very anti-hippie aesthetic of Disco

"Web in Front"

Archers of Loaf (1994) Album: Icky Mettle *Signed with Alias >pop too, clear cut catchy chorus >>Very diverse music scene in Chapel Hill (here, you can clearly hear the lyrics)

Post-Punk and California (Hardcore)

Bands: the Dead Kennedys, Circle Jerks: scene again represented the DIY aspects of music and inspired many small pockets of music and bands that emerged as a result of Punk Rock, inspired to start a bad because they portrayed the ability to do so regardless of skill or expertise

"Bela Lugosi's Dead"

Bauhaus (1979) -dark musical sounds GOTH image low sounds+voice, and everything is dead "I'm dead, I'm dead, I'm dead"

"Stayin' Alive"

Bee Gees (1977) Soundtrack to Saturday Night Fever

"Brick"

Ben Folds Five (1997) Album: Whatever and Ever Amen *550/Epic (Sony)->big deal for a local band to be signed with such a large label "...She's a Brick and I'm Drowning Slowly..." became a hit and never were able to move past this one song as collective band >incredible melody+catchy chorus *doesn't sound like much else on the album. snotty but intellectual pointy lyrics *1998 or 1997: Musical guests on SNL

"Good Times"

Chic (1979) Genere: DISCO Alfa Anderson, Norma Jean Wright, Bernard Edwards, Tony Thompson, Nile Rodgers. *Madonna later used musicians in her albums resulting in a significant carrear game-changer.

"Deny Everything"

Circle Jerks (1980): Album-Group Sex song is very short (:30), entire album is 15 minutes and has 14 songs

Russell Simmons and Rick Rubin

Crossover Rap (appeal to white audiences) Founded Def Jam Recordings in New York Popularized rap in the mainstream( ex: Aerosmith/RUN DMC, "Walk This Way", 1986). seen on: MTV "Yo Raps" (1988) Other Artists involved in "Crossover": -LL Cool J The Beastie Boys Public Enemy

"I (can't get no) Satisfaction" & "Whip It"

DEVO Albums: Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo! (1978) & Freedom of Choice (1980) >video for "Whip It" is extremely offensive, sexists and in every way not-P.C. >interested in overturning the industry

"Suffragette City" & "Ziggy Stardust"

David Bowie (1972) Genere:GLAM ROCK Track was on album: The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars -reinvented glam rock with Ziggy Stardust persona Most important of many British glam stars with androgynous images Early character was Ziggy Stardust Success in the United States Also known for: "Space Oddity" ('69) "Black Country Rock" ('70) "Life On Mars" ('71") "Andy Warhol" ('71)

The 1970s: Disco; Early Hip-Hop

Disco fed a new dance craze when rock was mostly for listening. Enjoying Music through physical movement direct dance beat-catchy pop hook-repeated frequently=disco. Emerged in 1977 From the New York gay community Saturday Night Fever (1977): National Phenomenon: soundtrack by the Bee Gees First Chart dedicated to disco: Disco Action (oct. 26 1974) Many major rock artists released disco records: Rod Stewart (Do Ya Think I'm Sexy, 1978), Rolling Stones (Miss You, 1978), KISS (I Was Made For Loving You, 1979) Return of the producers EARLY HIP HOP: Cedar Park W179 St. in the Bronx DJ Kool Herc's Mobile Sound System (his car pimped out with stereos etc.) origins in New York's African American and Latino communities in late '70s: Culture included graffiti art, street dance (Break dancing and popping on cardboard or plastic), trends in fashion surrounding movement (gold chains, name brands, and ubiquitous boom box-the portable radio/tape deck combination that allowed people to carry their music with them). New York was significant to graffiti artists because the subway provided them with the ability to spread their art rapidly throughout the entire city. culture also included neighborhood block parties. Technological Innovations: Breaks and Scratching.

"Bad Girls"

Donna Summer (1979) Genere: DISCO (Eurodisco) considered a disco concept album electric guitar, bass, drums, lead vocals, background vocals, piano, horns, percussion, disco beat featuring bass drum on every beat. each verse has two parts, girl group style background vocal. also known for blatant promiscuity in content: "Love to Love You Baby, 1975)

"Radio, Radio"

Elvis Costello (1978) Album: This Years Model *Strong Focus on lyrics, singer-songwriter tradition with Rock instrumentation -reference to early artists such as "elvis" (which was not his birth name) He looked like Buddy Holly- a tribute in a sense to old Rock and Roll *Appeared on SNL (Dec, 1977) where he supposedly went "against" producer (Camera footage says otherwise), Micheals, and played "Radio Radio" - A classic punk story and marks the first time many people were introduced to Punk Rock -exemplifies the significant roll television increasing played in Music

Meanwhile Back in the UK...

Elvis Costello and the Attractions, The Smiths: focus on Lyricism

"Cars"

Gary Numan (1979) Album: The Pleasure Principle Guitar based: exploring what new synthesizers could do, features full band but relies on synthesized sound attention to vocal delivery-as technologically altered

The 1990s: The local music scene

Geographic Locations->musical communities. *what goes into creating a musical scene that lasts? >>Athens in 80s >>Seattle in 90s *need venues that will cater to local band in order to build a following (Durham has many) *Radio is also a key aspect (college stations) in helping local artists keep a following *record store are important *Local area has a number of independent Labels: Merge in Durham, Odessa in Chapel Hill *Bands (presence of artist) or appeal of local areas that will attract musicians *colleges in local scene lead to new blood=enables sustainability

"The Message"

Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five (1982) Genere: HIP-HOP Grandmaster Flash was an important DJ in Early Hip-Hop *song that Mumble sings in Happy Feet* ...don't push me 'cause I'm close to the edge, I'm trying not to lose my head... *Rap on Record: departure from norm of live mixing and MCing

"Papa's Got a Brand New Bag"

James Brown (1965) Genere: Rhythm & Blues. R&B "from doo-wop to soul" (on the way to funk). Started his carear as a stand in for Little Richard. Brown's "Camel Walk" is said to have influenced Michael Jackson's "Moon Walk". Music and Lyrics written by James Brown and Produced by him as well. use of baritone sax, rhythm guitar, snare, 12 bar blues structure. Intricate rhythmic background. Control over music, important with in black community especially after death of MLK-did not make some a the musical compromises that MOTOWN artists did to appeal to white audiences. Music then shifted to a FUNK tradition INFLUENTIAL FOR: characteristic emphasis on the rhythmic groove and tight ensemble playing as well as his flamboyant approach to live performances

Theme From "Shaft"

Isaac Hayes (1971) Genere: Blaxploitation soundtracks: for Movies, traditionally representative of African-American pop. Isaac won an Oscar for the Shaft soundtrack. Ultra cool vocal delivery, half spoken half sung. *laid the groundwork for the Memphis soul sound through his work with Stax-Volt Records. Highly Successful Career predating the disco movement and the evolution of rap. Also notable in this Blaxploitation soundtrack tradition was Curtis Mayfield's (Superfly, 1972)

"Love Will Tear Us Apart"

Joy Davision (1980) *Starting to see artists relay on synthesizers *This in a darker lyrical tradition with "catchy" beat SONG: focus on lyrics and musical agreement-music sounds very triumphant and joyous-yet lyrical sentiment is about a couple that love each other but will never work=creates tention *band known for influencing the growth of GOTH >"She's Lost Control" from Album: Unknown Pleasures ('79) >"Isolation" from Album: Closer ('80)

The 1970s: Glam and Punk

Label that has more to do with fashion and presentation than any strict set of musical characteristics (clothing, behavior, and stage shows): adopting a stage persona-can be connected to Beatles portrayal of Lonely Hearts Club Band. Style originated in the UK and took some time to gain acceptance and popularity in the US Mott the Hoople Gary Glitter Alice Cooper: Gruesome stage show, with Cooper's death often staged at the end KISS: Exploited marketing through feature film and action figures, all had stage personas, Bombastic stage show with lights, flames, explosions, and costumes Shows in arenas and stadiums rather than clubs and ballrooms: much more elaborate props and effects-a kind of rock theater with increasingly higher production values.

"Like a Virgin"

Madonna (1984) Famous MTV music awards live performance on stage *Madonna knew how any press or media attention (Shock factor) would proppel her fame and carear >in this record (her second album) she changed producers-Nile Rogers (who also produced David Bowe, and generally very influential in Disco) now produced Madonna, backed by Rodgers, Edwards and Thompson=Chic >Used her role as a sex object to question gender norms

"Papa Don't Preach"

Madonna (1986) Album: True Blue *contained hit after hit..."Papa Don't Preach" is about getting pregnant (big step from like a virgin) and keeping the child (unlike MJ denying paternity in his "Billie Jean") Madonna became more involved with production and matured as a songwriter >Next album: Like A Prayer (1989): *A Digital Recording* supposed to air in pepsi commercial during Cosby show (the commercial had a pre-commercial during the super bowl) but song was released before and video was so offensive and controversial that pepsi pulled the deal but let Madonna keep the 5 million

"What's going on"

Marvin Gaye (1971) Genere: Shift from Motown's singles over album: this was a CONCEPT ALBUM and commented on Social issues such as Vietnam war in "What's going on". Control over own production at Motown. INSTRUMENTATION: lead vocals (double tracked), background vocals, electric guitar, acoustic guitar, bass guitar, soprano saxophone, piano, strings, congas, finger snaps, two drum kits FORM: Verse - "Mother, mother..." Verse - "Father, father..." Chorus - "Picket lines and picket signs..." Bridge - (instrumental) Verse - "Picket lines and picket signs..." Bridge - (instrumental)

"Real Slow"

Megafaun (2011): self titled (4th album) *Guest in class >first track on new record >>note styles referenced*

"Don't Stop Till You Get Enough"

Michael Jackson (1979) Album: Off The Wall *Now with Epic Records, Not Motown >still stylistically fitting into the Disco genere >>Off beat high hat & emphasis -> elements of Disco music

"Billie Jean"

Michael Jackson (1982) Stage Presence live performance where he upstaged the reunion of the Supremes for reunion of "Motown" though he was no longer with the label. Song is about him denying paternity "Beat it" was performed with Eddie Van Halen on Guitar and consisted of a guitar solo (explosive) that became one of the most impressive and famous of all time->attracting rock and others who would not usually listen to pop music, to the album: still best selling album of all time.

Giorgio Moroder

Munich based famed producer of Disco (Eurodisco) including Donna Summer and many more *Return of producers in Disco: taking production authority from artists and giving it back to producers and engineers

Give up the Funk (Tear the Roof of the Sucker)

Parliament (1976). Genere: FUNK. Lead, Clinton (funkadelic) created a striking form of funk: Clear backbeat, use of synthesizer, texture, depth...his commitment to undiluted funk has continued to influence numerous hip-hop musicians. Parlement was considered more commercial and Funkadelic was considered more experimental. First Funkadelic albums blended heavy psychedelic rock with soul. they were known for dressing outrageously during performances as well as wild on stage antics

"Thermal Treasure"

Polvo (1993) Album: Today's active lifestyles *Merge Records *Chapel Hill UNC local band >no musical form, difficult to identify. discrete blocks of tune and sound >Progressive Punk Rock without virtuosity >>Punk Rock aesthetic with Prog Rock take

"1999"

Prince (1982) had a great voice and stage presence but notably distinct guitar skills which appealed to listeners wanting more than a high voice *Sole and Funk references from Sly and The Family Stone >dance context >Song is almost honkey blues esque. Purple Rain(1984) was accompanied with a full length feature film in an Elvis Presley tradition >Prince emerged even more as an established guitarist in this record: "When doves Cry"-people knew it was him on guitar=attracted fans of different musical interest

"Blitzkreig Bop"

Ramones (1976) * considered first punk rock band Stripped down, high-energy style of rock that focused on short, simple songs played very fast. signed with Sire Records in NYC Never had significant success in US (surprisingly) Incredibly important to history of Punk but never had an album reach top 40 on billboard chart band was consistently received more warmly in the UK

"Anarchy in the U.K."

Sex Pistols (1977) Genere: PUNK *Changed the face of popular music through raw nihilistic singles and violent performances. song optimizes their rebellious attitude, musically and socially. *connection to sid vicious: wanted him to join and he did so for a the last few months. (epitomized THE punk rocker) -amateur vocals, words do not perfectly match up with anarchist tradition LYRICS: (A w/refrain, ABABA, vamp over A) I am an antichrist I am an anarchist Don't know what I want But I know how to get it I wanna destory passerby Anarchy for the UK It's coming sometime and maybe I give a wrong time, stop at traffic line Your future dream is a shopping scheme 'Cause I wanna be anarchy How many ways to get what you want I use the best, I use the rest I use the NME I use anarchy 'Cause I wanna be anarchy Is this the M.P.L.A? Or is this the U.D.A.? Or is this the I.R.A? I thought it was the UK Or just another country? I wanna be Anarchy and I wanna be anarchist I got pissed, destroy! *pay attention to traditional Rock forms

"Thank you (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin"

Sly and the Family Stone (1970) Album: Stand! Genere: "Psychedelic soul" Crossover of san francisco hippie culture and heavy funk. Strong Rhythm backdrop. racially and sexually integrated band. Distinctive blend of white and black musical styles this song represents the bands musical approach; the song is built over a repeating riff in the bass, which is established in the song's rhythmic feel or "Groove": catchiness of the groove is central to songs effectiveness. Performed on the Dick Cavett Show in 1970

"Hell"

Squirrel Nut Zippers (1996) Album: Hot *Authentic Retro (20s & 30s) touch a cord: zute suite *Signed with Mammoth records *NPR darlings *played on Dick Clarks Rockin' New Year's Eve *Dance-Swing music *Novelty of sound made it hard to sustain

"Superstition"

Stevie Wonder (1972). Motown Artist. Given complete control over his productions in the 1970s Wrote, produced, and played music of his own material Album-oriented material Complex arrangements featuring early synthesizers

"Rapper's Delight"

Sugar Hill Gang (1979) *Early Hip-Hop 14:36 in length *song that the singing rat west gave you plays* *Rap on Record: departure from norm of live mixing and MCing

"Slack Mother*ucker"

Superchunk (1990) *Chapel Hill Scene *signed with Matador *set stage for local tone->relation to post-punk->hard to make out lyrics->emphasis on distorted guitar->only could hear chorus (title)->uptempo dance-ish, but not political

"Hot Love"

T. Rex and Marc Bolan (1971) Genere: GLAM ROCK *primary force in glam rock (initially a British folk-rock combo) *deliberately trashy form of rock that was disposable *"La-la-la-lala-lala"* (nearly 50% of song towards end)

"Psycho Killer"

Talking Heads (1977), Album: 77 >live at CBGB did not look like punk rockers (visually among other reasons) anti-rock star appearance awkward stage mannerisms looked like they did not want to be there "Burning down the house" from 1983 Album (Speaking in Tongues) long running band of Post Punk Tradition from USA

Back in New York...

Television Talking Heads Blondie

"See No Evil"

Television (1977), Album: Marquee Moon >Artistic aesthetic >Punk Rock Record >almost radio friendly

"You're All I've Got Tonight"

The Cars (1978) >associated with punk rock but mainstream, emphasis on guitar and vocals, synthesizer comes in later = NEW WAVE ideal

"Know Your Rights"

The Clash (1982) The definitive British punk rockers: fiery and idealistic, charged with righteousness and leftist political ideology. one of the longest lasting bands to come out of PUNK ROCK (considering Punk Rock was a musical blip) song begins: "This is a public service announcement...Know your rights" "Know your Rights" was a song on their 5th and last record: -What are the rights? 1. not to be killed, unless done by police man 2. free speech, if you are dumb enough 3. right to food and money, provided you dont mind humiliation/investigation >song mocked dictatorship *note "White Riot" on debut album (The Clash): 1977 >has similar up beat sound to the Ramones, hard to make out lyrics, except hook (title: White Riot), doesn't sound professional 3rd album: London Calling 1979: visually representative of Elvis Presley Album Song: "Train in Vain (Stand by me): has strong Funk, Disco, dance tradition Song: "Gun's of Brixton" - reference to regge music 4th record was a triple album (Standanista, '80) represented many musical styles -they refused to sell album for more even though it was a triple album: epitomizing the punk tradition of rebellion to consumerism and staying true to music song: "The magnificent seven"- representing Hip-Hop tradition which they were very interested in: frequented cedar park in the bronx 5th record (combat rock) 1982 "Rock the Casbah" -Album was released around the same time that MTV came onto the music scene, helping sales and popularity of their music

"Killing an Arab" & "Boys Don't Cry"

The Cure ('78) & ('79) Lyrical meaning of "Killing an Arab": literary reference to book on existentialism -The Meaningless Life-common GOTH theme

"California Uber Alles"

The Dead Kennedys (1980) Post-Punk (Hardcore) Lyrics reference the german nazi saying: "Germany over everyone" Lead singer picks fun at everything Californian..."Gov. Jerry Brown...die on organic poison" > if you are going to die from poison in California it will be organic

"This Charming Man"

The Smiths (1983) self titled album >another example of singer songwriter in post punk-rock tradition LYRICS A punctured bicycle On a hillside desolate Will nature make a man of me yet? When in this charming car This charming man Why pamper life's complexity When the leather runs smooth On the passenger seat? I would go out tonight But I haven't got a stitch to wear This man said "It's gruesome that someone > so handsome should care" A jumped up pantry boy Who never knew his place He said "return the ring" He knows so much about these things He knows so much about these things I would go out tonight But I haven't got a stitch to wear This man said "It's gruesome that someone > so handsome should care" A jumped up pantry boy Who never knew his place He said "return the ring" He knows so much about these things He knows so much about these things STORY: a poor boy on his bicycle has a ring to propose to his girlfriend, a homosexual charming older, wealthier man, pulls up in a nice car and tells his to return the ring (hitting on him) the song is like a big wink, storyline ties up with post punk artists who feel liberated about what post punk stood for and opened doors in terms of what you could talk about MUSIC: 12-15 over dub guitar parts

The 1970s-early 80s: Punk, Post-Punk and New Wave

U.S. Punk (Early): 1967-75-Punk worldwide had its roots in America, associated with confrontation UK-Rise of Punk: 1974-1977 -linked to specific socioeconomic circumstances: economic recession in UK-few jobs for youth lead to despair which turned into anger represented in the spirit of punk music Punk fashion: leather, safety pins, ripped jeans, anything DIY DIY aesthetic: appealed to youth who wanted to be in a band or a musician but lacked exquisit skill and talent-to be in a punk band you did not need amazing vocals or flawless instrumentation frequently took on all aspects of production: recording, distributing, album art, concert promotion professionalism was avoided *connection to garrage band movement in the 1960s Differing styles but united by what it was not: corporate rock Malcom McLaren: Early shop owner and manager/Launcher of the Sex Pistols