Music 307 - Ch. 1-7
Stax
small memphis based label, licensed recordings to Atlantic, studio band - Booker T & the MGS (Green Onions) 1962 12 bar blues
12 Bar blues
12 groups of 4 beat measures, repeates structure throughout song but new lyrics/solos in subsequent verses, phrase: first 4 measures, structure - lyrics are repeated in first 2 phrses, thought complete in 3rd, simple verse form
AABA form
32 bars w/ four, 8 bar phrases, full reprise = entire AABA form repeated, parital reprise = only part of AABA returns
Bob Dylan
American songwriter, influenced by Woodie Guthrie,
Rhythym and Meter
BPM/Tempo Measure/Bar Meter/Time Signature - Simple Duple 2/4, triple 3/4, quadruple 4/4, compound duple 6/8, triple 9/8, quad 12/8
James Brown (1933-2006)
Born in South Carolina, raised in georgia, pioneer of groove based soul and funk, wrote/prod his own stuff, known for theatrical stage shows
The Beatles
Discovered by Brian Epstein (long sets in Germany), Beatlemania, psychological/sound factors contributed Yesterday (1965) - string quartet Rubber Soul (1966) - sitar, Ravi Shankar Rigby - string quartet
Elvis Presley
Ed Sullivan show, Tutti Frutti cover - colonel tom parker at RCA records
"Heartbreak Hotel" - Elvis Presley (1956) same music throughout, different lyrics per verse BPM - 4 solo - etar/piano
Genre: Blues Decade: 1950s Instrumentation: Etar, P, Abass, D, Lead vox Form: simple verse Time Signature: 12/8 (shuffle in four) Producer: Steve Sholes Record Label: RCA
"Sunshine of Your Love" - Cream (1968) Jack Bruce - Bass Eric Clapton - Guitar Ginger Baker - Drums 2nd album - Disraeli Gears 2 Bar blues riff
Genre: Blues/Psych Rock Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: Etar, B, D, lead vox Form: Simple verse (double 12bar blues) Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Felix Pappalardi Record Label: ATCO
"Evil is Goin' On" - Howlin' Wolf (1954) raspy gutteral singing style
Genre: Chicago Electric Blues Decade: 1950s Instrumentation: P, G, B, D, Harmonica, lead vox Form: Simple verse (refrain) Time Signature: 12/8 (shuffle in 4) Producer: Leonard/Phil Chess and Willie Dixon Record Label: Chess
"Can the Circle Be Unbroken" - The Carter Family (1933)
Genre: Country Decade: 1930s Instrumentation: Atar, 2f 1m voice, chorus (3 part harmony) Form: simple verse-chorus Time Signature: 2/4 (w/ dropped beats) Producer: Record Label: Columbia Records
"Hey Good Lookin'" - Hank Williams (1951)
Genre: Country Decade: 1950s Instrumentation: Atar, Abass, steel guitar, fiddle, lead vox Form: AABA (similar to les paul/ford) Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Fred Rose Record Label: MGM Records
"Sh-Boom" - The Chords (1954) I-VI-II-V progression tenor sax solo
Genre: Doo-wop Decade: 1950s Instrumentation: Etar, B, P, D, Sax, solo vox, lead vox Form: simple verse (several interludes) (doo-wop) Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Record Label: Cat Records
"Tom Dooley" - The Kingston Trio (1959) pop driven approach revived folk music reworking of Tom Dula a criminal condemned to hang
Genre: Folk Decade: 1950s Instrumentation: Atar, banjo, Abass, lead vox, back vox Form: Simple verse-chorus (begin w/ chorus, entire song repeats 8 bar music) Time Signature: 12/8 Producer: Voile Gillmore Record Label: Capital
"House of the Rising Sun" - The Animals (1965) traditional American ballad lyrics about addiction to gambling Eric Borden lead vox
Genre: Folk Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: Etar, B, D, elec organ, lead vox Form: simple verse Time Signature: 6/8 Producer: Mickie Most Record Label: Columbia
"Positively 4th Street" - Bob Dylan (1965) socially conscious lyrics w/ amped inst. = folk rock lyrics criticize folk music scene in greenwich village
Genre: Folk Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: P, organ, Etar, D, finger cymbals, lead vox Form: simple verse (12 verses, 8 bar music) Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Bob Johnston Record Label: Columbia
"Mr. Tambourine Man" - The Byrds (1965) bob dylan cover first international #1 folk rock single
Genre: Folk Rock Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: Etar (12string), etar, B, D, solo/duet vox Form: contrast verse-chorus (begin w/ chorus) Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Terry Melcher Record Label: Columbia
"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" - The Rolling Stones (1965) Street Fighting Man - casette machine overloaded thru acoustic guitar sexual innuendo Shake your hands - recorded in Neilcote France, uses Slimp Harpo Torn and Frayed - pedal steel guitar
Genre: Garage Rock Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: Etar, Atar, B, tambourine, D, lead/back vox Form: Contrast verse-chorus Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Andrew Loog Oldham Record Label: Decca
"You Really Got Me" - The Kinks (1964) Ray Davies lead vox based on two measure guitar riff
Genre: Garage Rock Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: Etar, P, B, D, Tamb, lead/back vox Form: Simple verse form (repeated 20bar verses) Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Shel Talmy Record Label: Reprise
"All I Have to Do Is Dream" - The Everly Brothers (1958)
Genre: Pop Decade: 1950s Instrumentation: Etar, Atar, Abass, D, 2pt harmony vox Form: AABA (partial reprise) Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Archie Bleyer Record Label: Cadence
"I'm Sittin' on Top of the World" - Les Paul and Mary Ford (1953)
Genre: Pop Decade: 1950s Instrumentation: Etar, lead vox, (recorded at half speed) Form: AABA (2nd verse guitar solo slight difference) Time Signature: 2/4 (3rd verses in 4/4) Producer: Les Paul Record Label: Capital Records
"A Day in the Life" - The Beatles (1967) Album: Sgt. Peppers (Concept Album)
Genre: Pop Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: Atar, P, B, D, maracas, strings, brass, alarm clock, lead vox Form: Compound ABA form, A/B use simple verse (two incomplete songs) Time Signature: 4/4 in both Producer: George Martin Record Label: Capital
"Tomorrow Never Knows" - The Beatles (1966)
Genre: Pop Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: B, sitar, D, organ, backward guitar, tape loop, piano, electronic lead vox Form: simple verse (same 8-bar structure) Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: George Martin Record Label: Capital
"Last Train to Clarksville" - The Monkees (1966)
Genre: Pop Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: Etar, Atar, B, D, tamb, lead/back vox Form: modified simple verse Time Signature: 2/4 Producer: Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart Record Label: Colgems
"I Want to Hold Your Hand" - The Beatles (1963)
Genre: Pop Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: Etar, B, D, hand claps, 2pt lead vox Form: AABA (partial reprise) Time Signature: 4/4 (mersey beat) Producer: George Martin Record Label: Parlophone
"Be My Baby" - The Ronettes (1963) girl group Ronnie spector lead vox
Genre: Pop (Girl Group) Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: P, B, Etar, D, horns, strings, percussion, hand claps, lead/back vox Form: Contrast verse-chorus Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Phil Spector Record Label: Phillies
"Purple Haze" - The Jimi Hendrix Experience (1967) Words/music/guitar by Jimi Album: Are You Experienced? Live at Monterrey Pop Fest and Woodstock
Genre: Psychedelic Rock Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: Etar, B, D, lead vox, spoken voices Form: Simple verse (contrasting instrumental bridge) Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Chas Chandler Record Label: Reprise
"White Rabbit" - Jefferson Airplane (1967) Lead vox: Grace Slick Bolero Rythym Lyrics about an acid trip Song name from Alice in Wonderland
Genre: Psychedelic Rock/Acid Rock Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: Etar, B, D, lead vox Form: AABA Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Rick Jarrard Record Label: RCA Victor
"That'll Be the Day" - The Crickets (1957) singing style: smooth, pop style, diction
Genre: R & B Decade: 1950s Instrumentation: Etar, Abass, D, lead/back vox Form: Contrast verse-chorus (w/ inst. bridge) Time Signature: 12/8 (shuffle in 4) Producer: Norman Petty Record Label: Brunswick
"Johnny B. Goode" - Chuck Berry (1958) duck walk
Genre: R & B Decade: 1950s Instrumentation: Etar, P, Abass, D, lead vox Form: simple verse-chorus Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Leonard and Phil Chess Record Label: Chess
"Rocket 88" - Jackie Brenston and His Delta Cats (1951) borrowed music from cadillac boogie 1st rock n roll song solo sax
Genre: R & B Decade: 1950s Instrumentation: P, D, sax, solo Vox, Etar Form: simple verse, ABAA, 12 bar blues Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Sam Phillips Record Label: Chess
"Shake, Rattle, and Roll" - Big Joe Turner (1954) hokum bill haley version - lyrics changed, different arrangement
Genre: R & B Decade: 1950s Instrumentation: P, Sax, G, B, D, lead vox Form: Simple verse-chorus (based on 12-bar blues) Time Signature: 12/8 Producer: Ahmet Ertegun and Jerry Wexler Record Label: Atlantic
"Louie Louie" - The Kingsmen (1963)
Genre: R & B Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: Epiano, Etar, B, D, lead vox Form: simple verse-chorus Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Ken Chase and Jerry Dennon Record Label: Wand
"Only the Lonely (Know How I Feel)" - Roy Orbison (1961)
Genre: R & B Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: P, B, Etar, Atar, strings, vibraphone, lead/back vox Form: AABA derived form Time Signature: 4/4 (some measures 2/4) Producer: Fred Foster Record Label: Monument
"Tutti Frutti" - Little Richard (1955)
Genre: Rock Decade: 1950s Instrumentation: P, Abass, D, Sax, lead vox Form: simple verse-chorus, beginning w/ chorus Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Bumps Blackwell Record Label: Specialty
"That's All Right (Mama)" - Elvis Presley (1954)
Genre: Rock & Roll Decade: 1950s Instrumentation: Etar, Atar, Abass, lead vox NO DRUM Form: simple verse (measures + and - throughout) Time Signature: 2/4 (country 2 step) Producer: Sam Phillips Record Label: Sun Records
"Blueberry Hill" - Fats Domino (1956)
Genre: Rock & Roll Decade: 1950s Instrumentation: P, Etar, Abass, D, horns, lead vox Form: AABA (bridge and last verse repeated) Time Signature: 12/8 (compound) Producer: Dave Bartholomew Record Label: Imperial
"Great Balls of Fire" - Jerry Lee Lewis (1958) Form: VCVCSVC solo: piano
Genre: Rockabilly Decade: 1950s Instrumentation: P, D, Abass, Lead vox Form: AABA Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Sam Phillips Record Label: Sun Records
"The Way You Do the Things You Do" - The Temptations (1964) Motown male quintet choreographed dances key change "My Girl" 1965
Genre: Soul Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: Etar, P, B, D, horns, lead/back vox Form: Simple verse Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Smokey Robinson Record Label: Gordy
"Respect" - Aretha Franklin (1967) Otis redding cover
Genre: Soul Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: Etar, organ, P, B, D, tamb, horns, lead/back vox Form: modified simple verse (coda) Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Jerry Wexler Record Label: Atlantic
"Baby Love" - The Supremes (1964)
Genre: Soul Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: P, vibes, Etar, B, D, Sax, foot stomp, lead/back vox Form: simple verse Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Brian Holland and Lamont Dozier Record Label: Motown
"In the Midnight Hour" - Wilson Pickett (1965)
Genre: Soul Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: etar, B, D, horns, lead vox Form: simple verse w/ instrumental interlude Time Signature: 4/4 (stax delayed backbeat) Producer: Jerry Wexler Record Label: Atlantic
"Papa's Got a Brand New Bag, Pt. 1" - James Brown (1965)
Genre: Soul/Funk Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: Etar, B, D, Horns, lead vox Form: simple verse w/ bridge (also AABA) 12 BAR BLUES Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: James Brown Record Label: King
"California Girls" - The Beach Boys (1965)
Genre: Surf Rock Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: Etar(12string), organ, B, D, glockenspiel, horns, percussion, lead/back vox Form: Contrast verse-chorus Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Brian Wilson Record Label: Capital
"Good Vibrations" - The Beach Boys (1966)
Genre: Surf Rock Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: Organ, G, B, D, woodwinds, cellos, slide theremin, bass harmonica, Jew's harp, tamb, sleigh bells, maracas, lead/back vox Form: 1st half contrast verse-chorus, then unknown Time Signature: 4/4 Producer: Brian Wilson Record Label: Capital
"Surfin' U.S.A." - The Beach Boys (1963)
Genre: Surf Rock? Decade: 1960s Instrumentation: Etar, B, D, organ, lead/back vox Form: Simple verse Time Signature: 4/4 (stop during verse 1/3) Producer: Nik Venet Record Label: Capital
"There Goes My Baby" - The Drifters (1959) sweet soul - rhythm and blues w/ orchestral strings and latin percussion doo-wop intro Ben E. King lead vox
Genre: Sweet Soul Decade: 1950s Instrumentation: Atar, Etar, B, tympani, strings, lead/back vox Form: Simple verse-chorus (8 bar entire) Time Signature: 12/8 Producer: Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller Record Label: Atlantic
"Over the Rainbow" - Judy Garland with Victor Young and His Orchestra (1939) Composed: harold arlen and yip harburg wizard of oz
Genre: Tin Pan Alley Decade: 1930s Instrumentation: Vocalist w/ orchestra Form: AABA (tin pan alley 32 bars) Time Signature: 4/4 (tempo changes) Producer: Record Label: Decca
Country and Western
Grand Ole Opry - Nashville Tennessee, WSM Radio broadcast country music to large audience
Melody
Interval - distance between 2 pitches Half step - smallest interval, 12 half steps Flat - lower half step Sharp - raise half step
"The End" - The Doors (1967)
John Densmore - Drums, Robby Krieger - Guitar, Ray Manzareck - Keys, Jim Morrison - Lead Vox
Harmony
Major (R, 3, 5th) Minor (R, b3, 5th) Diminished (R, b3, b5th) Augmented (r, 3, #5th)
Janis Joplin (1943-1970)
Me and Bobby McGee
Atlantic Records
NY based record label, founded by Ahmet Ertegun Jerry Wexler prod: Ray Charles, Aretha, and Zeppelin
Jimi Hendrix (1942-1970)
Red House
Monterey Pop Festival (1967)
Summer of Love - 1967. 200,000 attended w/ 32 bands including Hendrix, Joplin, Otis Redding
Motown
Tempations - My Girl (1965) The Four Tops - "Baby I Need Your Loving" (1966) Marvin Gaye - How sweet it is to be loved by you (1965) produced by H-D-H Stevie Wonder - i was made to love her (1967) blind, signed to motown at age 11
Psychedelia (1966-1969)
counterculture in London and SF, Eastern religious philosophy, recreational drug use - LSD (Timothy Leary the psychedelic experience)
Southern Soul
emotionally direct, derived from blues/gospel associated w/ musicians from Southern U.S. especially Memphis and Muscle Shoals, AL groove based focus on DnB (King Curtis - Memphis Soul Stew)
"Truckin'" - Jerry Garcia and The Grateful Dead
from American Beauty (1970) lyrics about police drug raid on their hotel in New Orleans
Phil Spector
important producer, wall of sound - recorded large #of instruments in small space, doubling same notes played by 2+ diff. instruments, heavy reverb
Lieber/Stoller
important songwriters and producers, brill building, A&R agents for Atlantic, playlets - short songs that told humorous story, wrote Hound Dog, most successful collaborations, relationship w/ record companies, Big Momma Thornton, ray charles, teh coasters, elvis, close w/atlantic, record companies were skeptical of new unconventional songs, unpaid royalties caused riff between them and atlantic, stand by me, george goldener - promoter of red bird records
Folk Music
marketed to college students, democratic ethos, socially conscious lyrics, acoustic instruments
Les Paul
pioneer of solid body elec guitar, pioneer of overdubbing and multitrack recording
Simple-Verse chorus
same musical pattern for verses and chorus, melody may change but base chords are the same
doo-wop progression
simple verse form, back vox heavy
American Bandstand
tv show for teens hosted by dick clark, lip synched performances, softened adult attitudes towards rock, dance crazes, Chubby Checker - the twist solo dancing
contrasting verse-chorus
verse and chorus have different music, usually contains a bridge
