Music Appreciation Test #6
musical comedy
A _________ is a type of theater that fuses a dramatic script, acting, and spoken dialogue with music, singing, and dancing.
a tone cluster
A chord made of tones only a half step or a whole step apart is known as ______.
country and western
A folklike, guitar-based style associated with rural white Americans is known as ______.
1920-1960
A golden era of American musical theater was created from about _______.
Béla Bartók
A great twentieth-century composer who was also a leading scholar of the folk music of his native land was ______.
ostinato
A motive or phrase that is repeated persistently at the same pitch throughout a section is called ______.
add a percussive edge
A piano is often used in twentieth-century orchestral music to ______.
whole-tone
A scale made up of six different notes each a whole step away from the next is called a ________ scale.
a saxophone, a trumpet, and a rhythm section of piano, bass, and percussion
A typical bebop group might include ______.
four
Alberto Ginastera's Estancia Suite uses a large orchestra and is in ________ movements.
Argentina
Alberto Ginastera, one of the most prominent Latin-American composers of the 20th century, was born in _______.
an American art form
Although jazz began in bars and brothels, it is now considered ______.
rhythm and blues
An African American dance music that fused blues, jazz, and gospel styles is known as _______.
African American and Native American melodies
Antonin Dvořák predicted in the late nineteenth century that the foundation for American music would come from _______.
ballet score
Appalachian Spring originated as a _______.
grand piano whose sound is altered by objects such as bolts, screws, rubber bands, pieces of felt, paper, and plastic inserted between the strings of some of the keys
Around 1940, John Cage invented the prepared piano, a(n) ______.
wrote film scores, concert works, operas, and band arrangements
As a composer, William Grant Still ______.
Turned away from avant-garde styles and wrote compositions with a uniquely African American flavor
As a result of his studies in composition with composers from two opposing musical camps, the conservative George Whitefield Chadwick and the modernist Edgard Varèse, Still did what?
was meant for attentive listening, not dancing
Bebop differed from earlier jazz forms in that it _______.
4/4
Blues music is usually written in ________ time.
1. is his most popular work 2. received its title because it was written for an orchestra of virtuosi 3. is romantic in spirit because of its emotional intensity, memorable themes, and vivid contrasts of mood
Béla Bartók's Concerto for Orchestra _______.
the piano
Béla Bartók's principal performing medium was ______.
1. revival hymns and ragtime 2. patriotic songs and barn dances 3. village bands and church choirs
Charles Ives's music contains elements of _______.
Jennifer Higdon
City Scape is a work for orchestra composed by ______.
a wide variety of styles and periods
Composer John Adams believes that today's composers can draw from ______.
"new Romantics"
Composers who have returned to the use of tonality have been called ______.
was related to bop but was calmer and more relaxed in character
Cool jazz ______.
during the late 1940s and early 50s
Cool jazz emerged ______.
five variations on the Shaker melody Simple Gifts
Copland depicted "Scenes of daily activity for the Bride and her Farmer-husband" in Appalachian Spring through _______.
swing
Duke Ellington was an important figure in ______.
1. have a rich variety of tone colors 2. are richer in harmony 3. explore the distinctive sounds of individual musicians
Duke Ellington's compositions are outstanding because they ______.
perform German operas in the 1917-1918 season
During World War I (1914-1918), the Metropolitan Opera in New York would not ______.
accumulated in the barn of his Connecticut farm
During most of his lifetime, Charles Ives's musical compositions _______.
rhythm and blues
Early rock grew mainly out of __________, a dance music of African Americans that fused blues, jazz, and gospel styles.
1. was designed for the 1958 Brussels World's Fair 2. was one of the earliest masterpieces of electronic music created in a tape studio 3. was composed in collaboration with the famous architect Le Corbusier
Edgard Varèse's Poème électronique ______.
Alternates consonant chords with sweetly dissonant tone clusters
Eric Whitacre's choral music often does what?
social protest
Expressionism is an art concerned with ______.
New York, New York
George Gershwin grew up in _______.
a solo clarinet
Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue opens with ______.
As s vocal music with a hard, driving beat, often featuring electric guitar accompaniment and heavily amplified sound
How has rock been defined?
an enormous orchestra
Igor Stravinsky's Rite of Spring is scored for ______.
France
Impressionist painting and symbolist poetry as artistic movements originated in ______.
jazz
In 1925, after Copland returned from France, American music meant ______.
Internet Virtual Choir project
In 2009, Eric Whitacre's music was heard by millions of people, who could watch and listen through his ______.
6/8 and 3/4 meter
In West Side Story the song "America" is given a Hispanic flavor with the use of alternations between _______.
pizzicato bass
In bebop, the beat of the music was mainly marked by the ______.
Chooses pitches, tone colors, and rhythms by random methods
In chance, or aleatory music, what does the composer do?
performers
In electronic music, there is no need for ______.
revolt and change
In music, the early twentieth century was a time of ______.
1. Turned to the medieval church modes 2. Borrowed pentatonic scales from Javanese music 3. Developed the whole-tone scale
In order to "drown the sense of tonality," Debussy did what?
covering
In the 1950's it was customary to have white performers record songs already released by black performers. This practice was called _______.
1. string players are sometimes called on to use the wood instead of the hair on their bows 2. percussion instruments have become very prominent and numerous 3. dissonance has been emancipated
In twentieth-century music ______.
Symphonies
In which of the following areas did Debussy not create masterpieces?
Edgard Varèse
Ionisation, the first important work for percussion ensemble, was composed by ______.
large symphonic orchestra and two synthesizers
John Adams's Short Ride in a Fast Machine is scored for a ______.
1. E.T. the Extraterrestrial 2. Star Wars 3. Indiana Jones
John Williams composed the score for which of the following films?
1. composer of orchestral and vocal works 2. author-lecturer 3. conductor
Leonard Bernstein was a well-known _______.
Paul Verlaine
Many of Debussy's songs are set to poems by the symbolist poet ______.
outlandish costumes
Many of the bands in the second British invasion (1980s) used electronic technology and often featured ______.
reaction against the complexity of serialism and the randomness of chance music
Minimalism as an artistic movement was a ______.
original music and previously existing compositions
Movie soundtracks can contain _______.
clear polyphonic textures
Neoclassical composers favored ______.
Johann Sebastian Bach
Neoclassical composers modeled many of their works after the compositions of ______.
romanticism and impressionism
Neoclassicism was a reaction against _______.
from 1900 to 1917
New Orleans style Dixieland flourished in the United States ______.
Charlie Parker
One of the greatest of all jazz improvisers and a towering figure among bebop musicians was the saxophonist _______.
saxophone
One of the most important solo instruments of the swing era was the ______.
opera
Porgy and Bess is a(n) ______.
Three Places in New England
Putnam's Camp, Redding, Connecticut, is a movement from Charles Ives's ______.
1920s
Radio broadcasts of live and recorded music began to reach large audiences during the ______.
from the 1890s to about 1915
Ragtime flourished in the United States ______.
1. a style of composed piano music 2. performed at a moderate march tempo 3. generally in duple meter
Ragtime is _______.
the second and fourth beats
Rock is based on a powerful beat in quadruple meter with strong accents on _____________ of each bar.
ballet impresario
Sergei Diaghilev was a famous ______.
riffs
Short repeated melodic phrases frequently used during the swing era are called ______.
taken many new directions and changes
Since World War II, musical styles have ______.
freelance composers
Since the 1960's most film music is composed by _______.
George Balanchine
Slaughter on Tenth Avenue, the ballet used in the climax of On Your Toes, was choreographed by _______.
George Gershwin, Cole Porter, Richard Rodgers, and Frank Loesser
Some of the composers who contributed to the creation of the golden era of American musical theater were ______.
cornet, clarinet, and trombone
The "front line" of a Dixieland group included ______.
1. "classical" and nonwestern instruments 2. new electronic effects 3. unconventional scales, chord progressions, and rhythms
The Beatles's influence on American rock music may be seen through later performers' use of _______.
Swanee
The Gershwin song that became a tremendous hit in 1920 was ______.
claves, guiro, and guitar
The Latin atmosphere heard in "America" from West Side Story is achieved through the use of such South American instruments as _______.
rhythm section
The backbone of a jazz ensemble is its ______.
Miles Davis
The bebop musician who spearheaded developments in cool jazz and then jazz rock is ______.
1. usually follow a 12-bar pattern as a basis for improvisation 2. can be happy or sad, fast or slow 3. may be vocal or instrumental
The blues ______.
subdominant
The chord progression usually used in the blues involves only three basic chords: tonic, dominant, and ______.
a polychord
The combination of two traditional chords sounding together is known as ______.
Leonard Bernstein
The composer, conductor, and pianist who began his spectacular career as substitute conductor of the New York Philharmonic on only a few hours' notice was _______.
instrumental interludes intended only for dancing
The dramatic importance of dance throughout West Side Story is illustrated through Bernstein's frequent use of _______.
creature who is half man, half goat
The faun evoked in Debussy's famous composition is a ______.
Rock Around the Clock
The first big hit of the earliest leading rock and roll group was _______.
1917-35
The flowering of African American culture called the "Harlem Renaissance" spanned the years ______.
1. It disregarded regular forms and established chord patterns. 2. It can be compared to chance music. 3. It began in the early 1960s.
The following can be said about free jazz.
a rapid slide up or down a scale
The glissando, a technique widely used in the twentieth century, is ______.
quite simple
The harmonic progressions of early rock and roll are usually ________.
Wagner
The idea of musical themes for characters (leitmotifs) was developed by which nineteenth-century composer?
1. the American band tradition 2. the blues 3. ragtime
The immediate sources of jazz include ______.
The Firebird
The immense success of Stravinsky's 1910 ballet ________ established him as a leading young composer.
the electric guitar
The instrument that most transformed rock from its early dependence on piano-based instrumentation was _______.
1935 to 1945
The jazz style called swing flourished in America from ______.
New Orleans
The major center of jazz from about 1900 to 1917 was ______.
original themes that have a folk flavor
The melodies Béla Bartók used in most of his works are _______.
collective improvisation by the front line
The most distinctive feature of New Orleans style jazz was ______.
Bessie Smith
The most famous blues singer of the 1920s, known as the "empress of the blues," was ______.
Igor Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring
The most famous riot in music history occurred in Paris in 1913 at the first performance of ______.
Claude Debussy
The most important impressionist composer was ______.
West Side Story
The musical loosely based on Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet is _______.
1920-1950
The neoclassical movement in music roughly encompassed the years ______.
William C. Handy
The poetic and musical form of the blues was popularized in the early years of the twentieth century through the publication of Memphis Blues and St. Louis Blues, composed by ______.
vibraphone
The rhythm section of a jazz ensemble usually does not include the ______.
piano, percussion, guitar, and bass
The rhythm section of a swing band normally consisted of ______.
John Williams
The score for Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone was composed by _______.
polytonality
The technique of using two or more tonal centers at the same time is called ______.
Claude Monet
The term impressionist derived from a critic's derogatory reaction to Impression: Sunrise, a painting by ______.
Saxophones, brasses, and rhythm
The typical swing band had about fifteen musicians, grouped into these three sections.
1. scales borrowed from nonwestern cultures 2. scales they themselves invented 3. ancient church modes
To create fresh sounds, twentieth-century composers used ______.
1. Richard Wagner 2. Richard Strauss 3. Gustav Mahler
Twentieth-century musical expressionism grew out of the emotional turbulence in the works of late romantics such as ______.
bands
Up until the early twentieth century, ______ were the favorite instrumental organizations in America.
They tend to have short melodic patterns that are repeated several times.
What is characteristic of rock songs?
call and response
When a voice is answered by an instrument, or when one instrument (or group of instruments) is answered by a chorus, the pattern is referred to as ______.
tiny colored patches
When viewed closely, impressionist paintings are made up of ______.
John Cage's Imaginary Landscape No. 4 for twelve radios
Which is an example of aleatoric music?
Pulcinella
Which of the following ballets is not from Stravinsky's Russian period?
Gospel
Which of the following categories of black folk music is not considered one of the sources for the blues?
A fast rate of change
Which of the following characteristics is not true of minimalist music?
Clearly delineated forms
Which of the following characteristics is not usually associated with impressionism?
Anton Webern
Which of the following composers was not stimulated by the folklore of his native land?
Einstein on the Beach
Which of the following compositions was not composed by John Adams?
The "shark theme" in Jaws
Which of the following illustrates the use of leitmotif in a film?
Tonic-dominant harmonies
Which of the following is not an alternative to the traditional organization of pitch used by twentieth-century composers?
Ornette Coleman
Which of the following is not associated with cool jazz?
Anything Goes
Which of the following musicals is not by George Gershwin?
Cats
Which of the following musicals is not by Leonard Bernstein?
Composers in the early twentieth century drew inspiration only from serious art music and their own intellect, ignoring popular and folk music.
Which of the following statements is not true?
Twentieth-century music follows the same general principles of musical structure as earlier periods.
Which of the following statements is not true?
An American in Paris
Which of the following works was not composed by Aaron Copland?
Igor Stravinsky Le Sacre du Printemps, Part II: Sacrificial Dance Bassoon Ostinato Changing meters in almost every bar Timpani Strong tonal center Insistent, driving rhythms and percussive sounds
Who is the composer of this of this piece? What is the title of this piece? The opening melody of the Introduction is played by what instrument? What compositional device provides unity to the Omens of Spring section? In Sacrificial Dance, how does Stravinsky create a feeling of jagged rhythms and intense excitement? What instrument proved loud, cannon-like accents in Sacrificial Dance? Which of the following musical characteristics do you NOT hear in these excerpts? How does Stravinsky evoke the idea of primitivism in these excerpts?
Kaija Saariaho L'amour de loin
Who is the composer of this piece? What is the title of this piece?
Tan Dun For the World from Hero
Who is the composer of this piece? What is the title of this piece?
Edgar Varese Poeme électronique Indefinite pitch The sounds have various lengths and patterns Dense texture with many sound colors heard at one time All of the answers are correct
Who is the composer of this piece? What is the title of this piece? For the most part, are the sounds used in this composition fo definite of indefinite pitch? Which statement best deceives the concept of rhythm in this piece? Which of the following best describes the texture of this piece? What musical elements do you hear that provide contrast to this composition?
George Gershwin Rhapsody in Blue Heavy syncopation Clarinet Use of timpani Each solo is the same Both Improvisation The meter and tempo are constantly changing Forte Piano
Who is the composer of this piece? What is the title of this piece? The rhythmic patterns of this composition get their jazzy feel from what? The opening theme is first introduced by the Which of the following contributed to the bluesy feeling of the music? Which of the following is NOT true of the piano solos? This piece is a blend of jazz and classical styles. Which of the following would be considered "classical" about this piece? What is the one technique that is not used in this clarinet solo? During the first extended piano solo, which spans about three minutes, what do you note about the meter and tempo? What is the predominant dynamic of this music? What instrument pays a solo in this section?
John Williams Prologue to Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone Bell-like tones of celesta, combined with synthesized celesta tone colors Legato, triple meter Staccato, duple meter
Who is the composer of this piece? What is the title of this piece? What contributes to the "otherworldly" quality of Hedwig's theme? Which best describes Hedwig's theme? What best describes the Nimbus 2000 Theme?
John Adams Short Ride in a Fast Machine Woodblock Repeated and insistent rhythmic patterns and repetition of small, melodic patterns The higher brass instruments move faster then the lower brass instruments Changing orchestral timbres The woodblock Short, fast, repeated notes It is missing woodblock
Who is the composer of this piece? What is the title of this piece? What instrument consistently marks the strong steady beat in this composition? What musical characteristics of this piece identify it as minimalistic? In the large brass fanfare at the end of the piece, In this piece, contrast is provided through What instrument is central to the beginning of this piece? What do you hear underneath all those broad brass tones? The final statement that brings the piece to its conclusion is vey similar to the material at the beginning of the piece, with on exception. What is it?
Aaron Copland Simple Gifts, from Appalachian Spring Clarinet Does not always use both phrases The theme is played in a different meter The texture shifts to polyphonic with imitation It is played in a staccato manner
Who is the composer of this piece? What is the title of this piece? What instrument introduces the theme? The main theme is made up of two phrases. Each variation that follows Which of the following does NOT describe a technique used in these variations on the main theme? In the second vacation of the main theme, what happens to the texture? How does the articulation in the third vacation contrast the other variations?
Louis Armstrong Hotter Than That Piano and guitar Call and response Trumpet, clarinet, trombone Scat
Who is the composer of this piece? What is the title of this piece? What instruments do you hear in the rhythm section of this song? Which of the following best described the dialogue between the singer and instrument during interlude? What instruments do you hear in the front line of this band? What jazz oval technique is used in this selection?
Eric Whitacre Lux Aurumque A cappella chorus Tone clusters Adagio Consonant
Who is the composer of this piece? What is the title of this piece? What is the instrumentation for this piece? Which of the following does Whitacre use to create dissonance? What is the tempo of this piece? Which of the following best describes the harmony of this piece?
Charles Ives Putnam's Camp, Redding, Connecticut, from Three Places in New England Piano Yankee Doodle March There are multiple melodies heard at one time, and they are short and fragmented Dissonant Rhythmic patterns are highly complex and independent of one another
Who is the composer of this piece? What is the title of this piece? What keyboard instrument do you hear as part of the orchestra? What famous tune do you hear quoted in this movement? The main theme of this movement is best described as a Which statement best described the melodic ideas presented in this movement? Is the overall harmonic character of the movement dissonant or consonant? How would you describe the rhythmic component of this movement?
William Grant Still Afro-American Symphony, III Banjo It is based on a syncopated four-note pattern Variations of the original melody Syncopated rhythm
Who is the composer of this piece? What is the title of this piece? What nontraditional instrument appears in the orchestra during the third section? Which statement best describes the main melody of this movement? The second section of this movement features which of the following? What musical characteristic do you hear that illustrates the African-American and jazz influence in this piece?
Leonard Bernstein America, from West Side Story Music for dancing Claves and guiro The meter alternated between of two groups of three pulses and three groups of two pulses. The sections have different tempos The percussion Snapping The merits of Puerto Rico versus America With a high-energy orchestral ending
Who is the composer of this piece? What is the title of this piece? What purpose do interludes (Section C) serve? What two percussion instruments are distinctly heard at the beginning of the song? Which statement best describes the use of meter in this song? The A and B sections of the song express contrasting opinions. Which of the following does NOT describe what you hear? The introduction is accompanied predominantly by what family of instruments? Which of these nontraditional sounds are not used in this section? What are the singers discussing? How does the selection end?
Dizzy Gillespie Night in Tunisia Afro-Cuban Improvised trumpet solo
Who is the composer of this piece? What is the title of this piece? What rhythms can be heard in this piece? What can be heard in the second chorus section?
Jennifer Higdon Peachtree from Cityscape Energetic Percussion Homophonic Rondo
Who is the composer of this piece? What is the title of this piece? Which of the following best characterizes the main theme? Which instrument family is featured approximately halfway through this piece? What is the overall musical texture of this piece? What is the form of this movement?
Leonard Bernstein Tonight, from West Side Story Staccato Lyric and legato Strings Are sung simultaneously
Who is the composer of this piece? What is the title of this piece? Which of the following best describes the melodic idea sung by the gang members? In contrast to the melodic patterns sung by the gang members, the Tonight melody sing by Tony and Maria is What instruments double the melody when Tony sings the Tonight melody? At the end of the song, the two contrasting melodic patterns return and
Alberto Ginastera Estancia Suite, Op. 8a, Final Dance: Malambo Quick-moving and syncopated Descending glassandos Brass There is a sense of perpetual motion due to the fast tempo and driving rhythms
Who is the composer of this piece? What is the title of this piece? Which of the following best describes the rhythm patterns in this piece? Which of the following is prominent in the xylophone part in the B section? Which instrument timbre dominates the last section? Which of the following best describes the overall tempo of this piece?
Scott Joplin Maple Leaf Rag The same tempo is maintained throughout Homophonic The steady rhythm patterns played in the pianist's left hand Syncopation At the same dynamic level
Who is the composer of this piece? What is the title of this piece? Which of the following best describes the tempo of this piece? What is the musical texture of this piece? In this piece, the strong beat pattern is reinforced by What rhythmic feature, characteristic of ragtime, is performed in the right hand part? Each of the four melodies you hear in this piece is repeated. The repetition of each moldy is played
Claude Debussy Prelude a l'Apres-midi d'um faune Trumpets All of these The melody is played in slower rhythms The repetition is played by the strings, while the woodwinds and harps accompany Harmonic progressions that create a strong tonal center Jaunty trumpet solo Three Emotionally restrained Flue and harp, interrupted by oboe
Who is the composer of this piece? What is the title of this piece? Which of the following is NOT heard in this composition? Which of the following compositional devices helps to create the dreamy mood of his composition? How does Debussy vary the return of the opening material in the A' section? The oboe melody in the B section is repeated. Which statement best describes the repetition of this melody? Which of the following is NOT an impressionistic device used in this piece? Identify on effect that does not contribute to the impressionistic quality in this passage. How many of these decorations does it interject? What is the overall mood of this work? What are the prominent instruments at work in this passage?
Bessie Smith Lost Your Head Blues The singer slides between pitches and often places the notes just ahead of the beat Cornet Freely changed with each statement Strophic, with a 12-bar pattern
Who is the composer of this piece? What is the title of this piece? Which statement best described the oval style of this song? What instrument provides the instrumental response to the voice? The instrumental response provided at the end of each line of text is What is the song's structure?
Miles Davis Miles Runs the Voodoo Down Ostinato Becomes increasingly loud and more complex as the piece progresses The melodic patterns are improvisatory in nature, consisting of rapid note passages Sliding between the pitches He bends the pitch The music becomes louder and more intense Drums
Who is the composer of this piece? What is the title of this piece? Which term best describes the repeated rhythmic and melodic patterns that you hear? The accompaniment to the solo instrument Which of the following best describes the melodic ideas of this piece? What feature provides the strong "bluesy" mood associated with the melody? After a subtle introduction, how does Davis treat the pitch of the first note of his trumpet solo? What happens to the intensity of the music as this passage progresses? If you have not noticed it yet, listen to the rest of the piece and identify the instrument
John Coltrane and Ornette Coleman
Who were the leading figures in the free jazz movement?
studied medicine at Wilberforce University, but he played the violin and eventually pursued music
William Grant Still _______.
performed to critical acclaim in New York
William Grant Still's works in African American style, such as his Afro-American Symphony of 1931, were _______.
The Mikado
William S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan were the writers of _______.
Motown
______________ is described as a type of soul music that blended rhythm and blues with popular music.
