Music Quiz 3
Which of the following terms means "fast, with vigor and spirit"?
Allegro con brio
Who is often called the "Father of the Symphony"?
Franz Joseph Haydn
Which instrument would not have been the featured soloist in a classical-period solo concerto?
Harpsichord
What happened to the concerto grosso during the classical era?
It was no longer used.
Which events of the classical era best reflect its leanings toward reason and enlightenment?
The writing of the first encyclopedia The growing belief in human control over a rational universe
What are Beethoven's birth and death dates?
1770 and 1827
How many symphonies did Mozart write?
41
How many symphonies did Beethoven write?
9
MOZART, "Non so più cosa son" ("I Don't Know What I Am Anymore") from Le Nozze di Figaro (The Marriage of Figaro) (1786)
:30 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjvsR8Tf1yY
Which of the following formal elements does the Piano Concerto no. 23 have that the Brandenburg Concerto no. 5 does not?
A development section
Which of the following describes a typical middle-class audience for a performance of a solo concerto during the classical period?
A few hundred people in a theater
Which of the following is not contained in the first movement of a classical sonata?
A scherzo section
Which of the following aspects indicates that "Spring," first movement, was written during the baroque period, whereas Symphony no. 40 was written during the classical period?
Presence of a harpsichord
Which statement about Johann Joachim Quantz is not true?
Quantz wrote about 20 flute concertos.
What form did Beethoven use to eventually replace the minuet in the minuet and trio form?
Scherzo
What else does the conductor do for the orchestra in addition to setting the tempo?
The conductor signals how loud or soft different sections of the orchestra should play in order to balance the overall sound.
Which statement is true?
The dramatic beginning is punctuated by homophonic brass.
Which statement is true? The female soprano is singing the role of a gender-neutral narrator. The female soprano is singing the role of a mother. The female soprano is singing the role of a male.
The female soprano is singing the role of a male.
What follows the double exposition?
Development
Who is the composer of this work?
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
In the clip above, the pianist is playing an extended solo passage, called ____________ , meant to showcase his or her skills at the end of the work. In order to bring the piece to a close, the soloist in the clip above plays ____________ , or two notes alternating at a very fast rate. This lets the conductor know it is time to bring in the orchestra to end the work. In classical sonatas, the structure of the first movement is based on ____________ . In a solo concerto, the soloist is usually positioned to the left of ____________ . In the classical era, composers continued to develop the solo concerto, while its relative, ____________ , was largely ignored.
a cadenza, a trill, the sonata form, the conductor, the concerto grosso
Music that is created without reference to a dramatic, philosophical, or visual program is called
absolute
What is the most notable feature of this excerpt?
Dynamic contrast
What is the most notable feature of this selection?
Dynamic contrast
Vivaldi's "Spring," first movement, is an example of program music, while Mozart's Symphony no. 40 is an example of _______ music.
absolute
Operas are usually divided into two to four large sections called
acts.
At the end of the classical period and during the romantic period that followed, cadenzas were written out because
composers wanted more control over what was played by the soloist.
Though both are concertos, Bach's Brandenburg Concerto no. 5 is a _______, whereas Mozart's Piano Concerto no. 23 is a _______.
concerto grosso; solo concerto
In a solo concerto, when the exposition repeats and the themes are played by the soloist instead of the orchestra during the repeat, the form is called a
double-exposition sonata form.
The theme in Symphony no. 94, second movement, is in _______ meter, whereas the themes in Symphony no. 5, second movement, are in _______ meter.
duple; triple
How many movements are there in a classical sonata?
either three or four
Symphony no. 40 differs from "Spring," first movement, in that it does not
feature a solo instrument.
What is the title of this piece? "Moonlight" Piano Sonata Piano Concerto no. 23 Symphony no. 5, I
"Moonlight" Piano Sonata
What is the title of this piece?
"Non più andrai" from Le Nozze di Figaro
What is the title of this piece?
"Non so più cosa son" from Le Nozze di Figaro
What is the title of this piece?
"Surprise" Symphony no. 94, II
Haydn wrote three oratorios. Which one is the most widely performed today?
Creation
Most scholars divide Ludwig van Beethoven's life into three periods: the early period (1770-1802), the middle period (1803-1814), and the late period (1815-1827). Place each fact into the correct period.
Early Period: Traveled to Vienna to study with Haydn Was given a permanent position First public performance Middle period: Hearing loss begins Wrote "Appassionata" Wrote 5th symphony Late Period: Became a recluse 9th Missa Solemnis
The sonata form of the classical era has a very definite structure, although it allows for much variation within that form. Fill in the term that describes each section of the sonata. Then, match the descriptive phrase to the corresponding section.
Exposition: Introduces Development: Manipulation Recapitulation: Restatement
What are the strings playing as the trumpets state the theme?
Faster notes than the trumpets
Check all the ways that "Spring," first movement, differs from Symphony no. 40.
Features a soloist Does not use any brass instruments Is program music
Which of the following is something that Beethoven makes greater use of in his Symphony no. 5, second movement, than Haydn does in his Symphony no. 94, second movement?
Flexibility of tempo.
By Mozart's time, the orchestra was considerably larger than in Bach's time and he had access to newer instruments. Click on all the instruments below that Mozart used in his Piano Concerto no. 23 that Bach did not use in his Brandenburg Concerto no. 5.
French horns, Clarinets, Bassoons
Which of the following countries were responsible for creating the Empfindsamkeit (sensitive style)?
Germany, Austria
Wrongly or rightly, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is the composer most closely associated with music of the European classical era. Complete the statements below about his life and music. When Mozart toured Europe as a child prodigy, his primary instrument was the ____________ . Mozart experienced his first success in opera with his opera ____________ , which was produced in Italy. Mozart's opera ____________ acknowledged the financial help that the Freemasons gave him. A very disorganized person, Mozart never kept his compositions in any kind of order, and it took the efforts of ____________ to establish a system of cataloguing for Mozart's works. Mozart had a frosty relationship with ____________ , and he decided to quit his position as concertmaster and move to ____________ , where he spent the rest of his life. Early in his time in Vienna, Mozart had a success with his singspiel opera, ____________ . Born in ____________ , Mozart started harpsichord lessons at age four and wrote his first composition at age five.
Harpsichord Mitridate The Magic Flute Ludwig von Kochel the Archbishop of Salzburg; Vienna The Abduction from the Seraglio Salzburg
At one point in his life, Beethoven studied composition with
Haydn
Beethoven's music differed from Mozart's and Haydn's music in a number of ways. Which of the following statements is not correct?
Haydn and Mozart used the sonata form; Beethoven did not.
Which of the following statements is not true? "Classical" can refer to "serious" or concert music, as opposed to "popular" music. Classical European music was written between 1750 and 1800. Any work of lasting value may be referred to as "classic." Haydn and Mozart wrote "classical" music but are also known for writing "transitional" music that contained elements from the romantic period.
Haydn and Mozart wrote "classical" music but are also known for writing "transitional" music that contained elements from the romantic period.
What did Denis Diderot, with the help of other French philosophers, contribute to the belief in enlightenment and reason?
He compiled and wrote the first encyclopedia.
What did Beethoven do in his fifth symphony that had not been done by composers before him?
He introduced cyclic form, which unites the four movements of the symphony by using a common theme.
Which of the following statements is not accurate regarding the third period in Beethoven's career?
He learned to write more quickly, with fewer revisions.
What was one way that Beethoven was able to support himself financially?
He received annual stipends from a small circle within aristocratic Viennese society.
How did Beethoven's attitude about art influence how many compositions he wrote?
He was very selective about accepting commissions, accepting only those that personally appealed to him.
What are the texture and tempo of the selection?
Homophonic and allegro
Which instrument is the lead voice at the beginning of this excerpt?
Horn
Which of the following statements reflects a desire for revolution in an age of reason?
Individuals have the power to control and order the world. Governments should act according to the will of the people.
Which of the following statements is not true of the "classical" style of music between 1750 and 1800?
It was essentially polyphonic rather than homophonic.
Which of the following statements is not accurate with respect to the second period in Beethoven's career?
It was perhaps the most troubled stage of Beethoven's life.
The style of the classical era was a reaction to the instrumental polyphony of the late baroque period, particularly the music of
J. S. Bach.
Who is the composer of this work?
Joseph Haydn
Listen again to "Non più andrai" ("No More Will You") from Le Nozze di Figaro (The Marriage of Figaro) by Mozart and answer the following questions. What is this aria about? When is this aria sung in the opera? What is the voice type of the singer, and what is the name of the character he is playing? To whom is this aria sung? Does the melody sung at the beginning return anywhere in the aria? Does the melody sung at the beginning return anywhere in the aria? What is the language of the text? What instruments accompany the singer? What is the tempo of the aria? What is the meter? If you were going to describe this composition to a friend, what might you say?
Life will be very different after you enter the military. Act I Bass-baritone, Figaro Cherubino, who is about to enter the military Yes, it comes back in the middle and near the end of the aria. Italian A full orchestra Vivace Quadruple This is a comic aria where Figaro is teasing Cherubino about the fun he has been having in the court, and compares it with his upcoming responsibilities as a soldier.
Who is the composer of this work?
Ludwig van Beethoven
What musical device does Haydn use in the Benedictus of the Nelson Mass?
Martial fanfares, which represent victory
Which statement about a "pants role" is not true?
Men preferred to sing "pants roles."
In the development section of the sonata form, the tonal center changes frequently. What is this process called?
Modulation
What is the texture of this excerpt?
Mostly homophonic
Which of Haydn's works is a famous example of the classical-era Mass?
Nelson Mass
Indicate all the ways that the Brandenburg Concerto no. 5 and the Piano Concerto no. 23 differ musically.
One uses a harpsichord, while the other uses a piano. One uses ritornello form, while the other does not.
What is the genre of this selection?
Opera
Mozart's opera, The Marriage of Figaro is a much-beloved work that is performed today around the world. It is good to be familiar with the characteristics of the work so that you can enjoy it fully if you are lucky enough to be able to see a live performance. Comedic in nature and sung in Italian, The Marriage of Figaro is an example of this type of opera. The larger sections of an opera, of which The Marriage of Figaro has four, often with intermissions between them. The king who tried to ban the original performance of The Marriage of Figaro play because he thought it was too revolutionary A main character in The Marriage of Figaro, a Spanish nobleman who tries to seduce Susanna. The smaller sections of an opera, which only allow for minor set changes, without intermission in between. A main character in The Marriage of Figaro, he is a servant who wants to marry Susanna. A type of opera, written in German. The Magic Flute is an example of this style, whereas The Marriage of Figaro, written in Italian, is not.
Opera Buffa Acts Louis XVI Cherubino Scenes Count Almaviva Singspiel
What instrumental forces accompany the singer?
Orchestra
Listen again to the first movement of Piano Concerto no. 23 in A Major by Mozart, and answer the following questions. What instrument(s) begin the movement? What is played at the beginning of this movement that is important because it returns later? When does the piano enter? When the piano enters, does it play music you have heard before? What happens in the recapitulation? What happens in the cadenza? If you were going to describe this composition to a friend, what might you say?
Orchestra without the piano The exposition of the sonata form that includes the two main themes, or melodies After the orchestra has introduced the two main themes Yes, it plays the two themes that the orchestra has already played. The themes are repeated by both the piano and the orchestra. The solo pianist plays alone. This movement balances the solo piano and the orchestra as the themes are introduced and repeated.
What is the title of this piece?
Piano Concerto no. 23, I
What is the genre of this piece? Piano sonata Piano trio Piano concerto
Piano Sonata
One thing that both pieces have in common is that they are largely ________, a common characteristic of classical music.
homophonic
BEETHOVEN, Piano Sonata no. 14 in C-Sharp Minor, op. 27, no. 2, first movement ("Moonlight" ) (1798-1799)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Tr0otuiQuU
BEETHOVEN, Symphony no. 5 in C Minor, second movement (1808)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQJb5z9wfBc
MOZART, Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, Third Movement (1788)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWf7Wo0FncE
MOZART, "Non più andrai" ("No More Will You") from Le Nozze di Figaro (The Marriage of Figaro) (1786)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VC1dk-osOFo
BEETHOVEN, Symphony no. 5 in C Minor, first movement (1808) DA DA DA DDUUMMMM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=evr7pgSsVoo
MOZART, Piano Concerto no. 23 in A Major, first movement, K. 488 (1786)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRWXZ_mZygA
HAYDN, "Surprise," Symphony no. 94 in G Major, second movement (1791)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2kZQ4kXYrI
BEETHOVEN, Symphony no. 5 in C Minor, third movement (1808)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhqwuQHLjMk
MOZART, Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, First Movement (1788)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xl5bHAGdOuc
BEETHOVEN, Symphony no. 5 in C Minor, fourth movement (1808)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBsWV1pucgo
"Spring," first movement, is in _______ form, whereas Symphony no. 40 is in _______ form.
ritornello; sonata
In this selection,
the orchestra is accompanying the piano.
Which of these statements is true?
The form of this music is minuet and trio, a popular dance style of the classical era.
Baroque music and classical music sound very different from each other when you become familiar with the intricacies of the two styles. Think back on the characteristics of both periods and state whether the music in each clip below is baroque or classical.
Baroque: 3, 4, 8, 9 Classical: 1, 2, 5, 6,7
What is the voice type of the singer?
Bass
Why was The Marriage of Figaro considered controversial?
Because it depicted the aristocracy in an unflattering light.
Which of the following statements about the first period of Beethoven's career is not accurate?
Beethoven was a popular virtuoso solo violinist.
Beethoven was an innovator who introduced many changes to classical music that would later influence composers of the romantic period. Categorize each innovation given according to whether or not Beethoven was responsible for it.
Beethoven's innovation: Began to treat orchestration as an art in itself Used a common musical idea to give unity... Expanded the size of the orchestra Never held a court position Not Beethoven's innovation: Invented the mechanisms for the pianoforte Changed the opera genre by incorporating Eliminated the use of the timpani from the orchestra saw music as a commercial product
In the exposition of the sonata form, what serves the function of modulating to a new key?
Bridge
What is the most appropriate classification for this piece of music?
Classical concerto
Which statement about classical cadenzas is not true?
Classical soloists would avoid using thematic material from the movement they had just played.
Which of the following is a formal element that appears in Symphony no. 5, second movement, but does not appear in Symphony no. 94, second movement?
Coda
Which type of soprano is prized for her florid and high-pitched sound?
Coloratura
In what way is Bach's Brandenburg Concerto no. 5 most like Mozart's Piano Concerto no. 23?
Contrasting sections between the orchestra and soloist(s)
Listen again to the first movement of Symphony no. 5 in C Minor by Beethoven and answer the following questions. What is the rhythm pattern of the first theme of this symphony? How is that first theme handled at the beginning of the movement? How does the second theme contrast with the first? What musical instrument is featured at the beginning of the second theme? What is the form of the movement? What is the tempo of the movement? What is the meter? If you were going to describe this composition to a friend, what might you say?
Short-short-short-long It is repeated many times at different pitch levels, both lower and higher than it was played the first time. The second theme is much longer and more legato (smoother). French horn Sonata Allegro con brio Duple This movement begins one of the great symphonies of the classical era.
What is the form of this selection?
Sonata
What is the form of the first movement of a classical symphony?
Sonata form
Which two voice types are commonly given lead roles in operas?
Soprano and tenor
The Mannheim orchestra serves as a good model for the instrumentation of the classical orchestra. Place the instruments below into their proper section of a typical classical orchestra. Not all instruments listed below were common to the classical orchestra, so be careful!
Strings: First/second violins, violas, cellos, basses Winds: Flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons Brass: Trumpets Percussion: Timpani
Which of the following types of opera was not composed during the classical period?
Supertitle opera
What is the title of this piece?
Symphony no. 40, I
What is the title of this piece?
Symphony no. 40, III
What is the title of this piece?
Symphony no. 5, I
What is the title of this piece?
Symphony no. 5, II
What is the title of this piece?
Symphony no. 5, III
What is the title of this piece?
Symphony no. 5, IV
What did Haydn realize after becoming familiar with Mozart's operas?
That his own operas were inferior to Mozart's.
How do the two concertos differ in their instrumental treatments of the solo part?
The Brandenburg Concerto no. 5 uses a group of solo instruments, whereas the Piano Concerto no. 23 uses only one solo instrument.
Which of the following best exemplifies the classical period's emphasis on clear and balanced artistic style?
The Death of Socrates, by Jacques-Louis David
Although both pieces are written in theme and variations form, there is a notable difference. What is it?
The Symphony no. 94 has only one theme, whereas the Symphony no. 5 has two themes.
Which statement is false?
The basic motive is famous but not important.
Listen again to "Surprise," the second movement of Symphony no. 94 in G Major by Haydn, and answer the following questions. What is one way that the opening theme varies in this piece? How else does the theme vary? The movement comes from the "surprise" symphony. Why does the symphony have this name? What families of musical instruments are included in this symphony? What is the tempo of this movement? What is the form of this movement? What is the meter of this movement? If you were going to describe this composition to a friend, what might you say?
The first variation adds a high melody played on a violin above the theme. The theme was played by violins at the opening of the movement; later it is played by woodwinds, brasses, and timpani. There is a sudden, unexpected, loud chord that surprises the listener. Bowed strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion Andante Theme and variations form Duple This is a solid, classical piece that includes a surprise that shows Haydn's sense of humor.
Which statement is false? The tempo is slow but fluid. The meter is duple, but each beat features a triplet. The melody is in the low register and the accompaniment is high.
The melody is in the low register and the accompaniment is high.
Describe the mood of this opera aria. What do you imagine the text is about? What is the voice type (soprano, alto, tenor, or bass-baritone) and gender of the singer? Does the melody at the beginning repeat later in the aria? Are there any melodies that contrast with the first one, or is the first melody repeated over and over? What is the language of the text? What instruments can you hear accompanying the singer? What is the tempo? What is the meter?
The music is bouncy, seemingly light-hearted, with a couple sections that seem more serious. You may think the aria might be about love, or about a noble knight, or a happy event. This aria is by Figaro, whose part is sung by a male bass voice. The form of this aria is a rondo, which indicates the opening melody, or theme, returns several times, after other contrasting themes. The language is Italian. As in most operas, the singer is accompanied by a full orchestra. You can hear a lively tempo, on the faster side of the spectrum. The tempo marking given is vivace (fast and lively). The meter is quadruple (four beats to the measure).
Which of the following statements about the piano is not true?
The piano is a keyboard instrument that plucks the instrument's strings in order to make sound.
Which of the following is not a technique that either Haydn or Beethoven used to vary the themes in these pieces? Faster rhythmic values Change in orchestration Alteration of the tonality from major to minor The use of a fugue
The use of a fugue
What is the form of this selection?
Theme and variations
What is unique about this symphony?
There is a common thematic thread that unifies all four movements.
Describe the rococo style in painting and in architecture. What country embraced rococo style in particular, and what event brought it to an end?
The rococo style emphasized elegance, delicacy, softness, and playfulness but retained much of the ornamentation of the baroque. The name of the style comes from the French word rocaille, which means "a shell, or shell work." France was the epicenter for the rococo style, and the tastes of the period can be seen in the interiors of aristocratic French palaces, which were decorated with beautiful gold-and-white carved woods, crystal chandeliers, and gilt ceilings. The French Revolution is generally thought of as the major event that brought an end to the opulence of the rococo style.
Respond: Symphony no. 40, I, by Mozart Note here that Theme 1 is made up of two phrases. How is the second phrase different from the first? Listen here as Theme 1 repeats. How many notes are in the motive on which it is built? Listen as the music continues to the bridge and then to Theme 2. How does Theme 2 differ from Theme 1? How is this section related to the opening section of the movement? In this section Mozart develops thematic material from the first part of the movement. Which theme(s) does he use? In the return to the opening material of the movement, what is different about the bridge section? What is different about the closing theme and following music from the first time you heard it?
The second phrase has the same rhythm but different notes from the first phrase. Three notes Theme 2 invokes a change of key, mood, and dynamics. It is exactly the same as the first two minutes of the piece. The first theme It is much longer It remains in a minor key.
In what ways did the sensitive style differ from rococo, and how did it foreshadow the birth of classicism?
The sensitive style, or Empfindsamkeit, contrasted with the rococo music of France by using simpler melodies and less ornamentation. This style eventually became known as neoclassicism or classicism because it derived its primary inspiration from the clean lines and balanced forms of art and architecture of ancient Greece and Rome.
How would a concerto soloist let the conductor know that a cadenza was ending?
The soloist would play a trill.
Listen to the first movement of Piano Concerto no. 23 in A Major by Mozart and answer the following questions to the best of your ability. Do you hear a piano at the very beginning of this piano concerto? What else do you hear at the beginning? Do you hear one or two different melodies in the first two minutes of the concerto? When you hear the piano, does it play melodies that you have already heard, or does it introduce new melodies? Do any of the melodies that you heard at the beginning of the concerto movement repeat again toward the end? What instruments play the melodies at the end? Do you hear any section(s) where the piano plays completely by itself? If so, when does that happen? What instruments do you hear at the very end of the movement?
There is no piano at the very beginning of the piece. Mozart uses the first exposition to state the themes in the orchestra only. The piano comes in for the second exposition (around two minutes). As was typical for classical multi-movement works, this concerto features a sonata form for the first movement, which means there are two themes. As this is a double-exposition sonata, the second exposition (in which the piano is introduced) repeats the themes already stated in the first exposition. As with all movements in sonata form, the recapitulation section at the end of the movement repeats the melodic themes that began the piece. The strings begin the recapitulation with theme 1, the orchestra follows with the bridge theme, and then the piano restates theme 2. Yes, the piano is often given solo time in order to show of the instrument and the player's abilities. The piano plays solo at various points in all the sections, except the first exposition and coda. The final section of the movement, the coda, features the full orchestra, without the piano. This instrumentation mirrors the opening of the piece.
What does the basic motive of this music consist of?
Three short notes and one long note
When do cadenzas most often occur in solo concertos?
Toward the end fast movements, typically the first movement
What is the meter of this selection?
Triple
What would Mozart have had to do in order to make Symphony no. 40 a piece of program music?
Use the music to tell a story
