My Future Husband's Midterm
Election
"Unconditional election" asserts that God has chosen from eternity those whom he will bring to himself not based on foreseen virtue, merit, or faith in those people; rather, his choice is unconditionally grounded in his mercy alone.
Newspapers *18th Century Print & The Public Sphere*
*1695*: printing acts expire *1710*: copyright act (no government approval of content) Daniel Defoe's Review *(1704-13)* Richard Steele's The Tatler *(1709-11)* influenced by Review Joseph Addison and Richard Steele's The Spectator *(1711-12, 1714)* -everybody went crazayyyy they fukn loved this shit
Newspapers *The Bay Psalm Book*
*The Bay Psalm Book* -1640 First book printed in New England • 1st printing press in New England: 1638 • Full title: The Whole Book of Psalms Faithfully Translated into English Metre
General Theme of Rowlandson's Captivity Narrative
-Stripped of everything she thought made her whole -Vulnerability, necessity, body and spirit -Crave reasoning, inexplicable trauma, "why am I going through this what is the point"
Atlantic Slave Trade
1502- first enslaved Africans go to West Indies English colony in Surinam established The Middle Passage- 12 mill Africans transported to Western Hemisphere most slave transported by British slave traders to the West indies high death rate leads to negative growth rate in W Indies
The Heroic Ideal
A cultural idea of the perfect person, one who embodies the best of all the qualities a culture values. -Oroonoko
Spiritual Autobiography
A genre of non-fiction prose that dominated Protestant writing during the seventeenth century, particularly in England, particularly that of dissenters. Robinson Crusoe is dis
Antitype
A person or thing that represents the opposite of someone or something else. *Examples in Our Reading* -Oroonoko and Old King Man -Crusoe vs. Cannibals -On Plymouth Plantation (puritan vs. native american)
Providential History
Attempt to control historical narrative & the interpretation of Puritan mission/experience • Cf. Morton's maypole • Establishing a model for future generations & recording the first generation's trials • Situating Plymouth within sacred time; reasserting the Puritans as the "elect" (chosen)
"The most famous statuary could not form the figure of a man more admirably turned from head to foot. His face was not of that brown, rusty black which most of that nation are, but a perfect ebony or polished jet...his mouth the finest shaped that could be seen far from those great turned lips which are so natural to the rest of the Negroes"
Author: Aphra Behn Title: Oroonoko Significance: Aphra Behn is describing Oroonoko's features. Significance: Best among savages.
"To this captain he sold abundance of his slaves, and for the favor and esteem he had for him, made him many presents, and obliged him to stay at court as long as possibly he could."
Author: Aphra Behn Title: Oroonoko Significance: Oroonoko trusts a captain whom he has traded with previously but the captain takes them captive.
"I gave him a Cake of my Bread, and he eat it like a ravenous Wolf, that had been starving a Fortnight in the Snow: I then gave the poor Creature some fresh Water, with which, if I would have let him he would have burst himself."
Author: Daniel Defoe Title: Robinson Crusoe Significance in the Book: Crusoe is referencing a dog he found on the capsized ship. Larger Significance: Crusoe taking pity on other creatures, painting himself as a hero/Godlike pity.
"But I needed none of all this Precaution; for never Man had a more faithful, loving, sincere Servant, than Friday was to me; without Passions, Sulleness or Designs, perfectly oblig'd and engag'd; his very Affections were ty'd to me, like those of a Child to a father"
Author: Daniel Defoe Title: Robinson Crusoe Significance in Book: Crusoe is talking about his admiration for Friday. Larger Significance: Friday as an object. RC and Fri's weird relationship and comfortability with one another.
"That day a small part of the company removed about three-quarters of a mile, intending further the next day. When they came to the place where they intended to lodge, and had pitched their wigwams, being hungry, I went again back to the place we were before at, to get something to eat, being encouraged by the squaw's kindness, who bade me come again. When I was there, there came an Indian to look after me, who when he had found me, kicked me all along. I went home and found venison roasting that night, but they would not give me one bit of it. Sometimes I met with favor, and sometimes with nothing but frowns."
Author: Mary Rowlandson Title: A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration Significance: 10th Remove, Rowlandson is kicked along and denied food Larger Significance: Rowlandson is sometimes ok and sometimes they approach her very angrily.
"Affliction I wanted, and affliction I had, full measure (I thought), pressed down and running over.....And I hope I can say in some measure, as David did, "It is good for me that I have been afflicted." The Lord hath showed me the vanity of these outward things. That they are the vanities of vanities, and vexation of spirit.... I have learned to look beyond present and smaller troubles and to be quieted under them."
Author: Mary Rowlandson Work: A narrative of the captivity and Restoration Significance: At the end of her narrative, she is realizing that regular life seems futile and she learned to put smaller problems in perspective and strengthened her role as a Christian
"Then I took it of the child, and eat it myself, and savory it was to my taste"
Author: Mary Rowlandson Work: A narrative of the captivity and Restoration: The eighteenth remove Significance: she is starting to get used to the food, which signifies the fact that she is slowly humanizing her captors and their customs
"what," says he, "can you eat horse liver?' I told him, I would try, if he would give a piece, which he did, and I laid it on the coals to roast....A solemn sight methought it was, to see fields of wheat and Indian corn forsaken and spoiled and the remainders of them to be food for our merciless enemies. that night we had a mess of wheat for our supper."
Author: Mary Rowlandson Work: A narrative of the captivity and Restoration: The seventh remove Significance: The food that Mary must eat while she is captive is a necessary vanity given by God, but the extremity of the horse liver enforces how she views her captors as inhuman creatures. She is a cultural insider but still on the outskirts
"After this they fell to great licenciousnes, and led a dissolute life, powering out themselves into all profanenes. And Morton became lord of misrule, and maintained (as it were) a school of Atheism. And after they had got some goods into their hands, and got much by trading with the Indians, they spent it as vainly, in quaffing and drinking both wine and strong waters in great excess, and, as some reported, £10 worth in a morning. They also set up a May-pole, drinking and dancing aboute it many days together, inviting the Indian women, for their consorts, dancing and frisking together, (like so many fairies, or furies rather,) and worse practises."
Author: William Bradford Title: Of Plymouth Plantation Significance of Text: Native Americans are drinking with the Pilgrims. They drink very heavily. Context/Theme: Drinking is a wordly pleasure which takes away from spiritual experience. It is a pleasure of the flesh.
captivity narrative
Captivity narratives are usually stories of people captured by enemies whom they consider uncivilized, or whose beliefs and customs they oppose. Example: A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson
Maypole in Of Plymouth Plantation
Community made up of Native Americans, indentured servants, anti-Puritans developing next to Maypole Maypole= alternative public sphere Bradford is about maintaining control Poles= social center
Of Plymouth Plantation Summary
Considered one of the most valuable pieces of literature concerning American history, Of Plymouth Plantation is an insightful account of the Puritans' arrival and settlement at Plymouth Plantation in 1620. Given Bradford's firsthand knowledge, as well as the information he provides on the Puritans' background and reasons for immigrating to the New World, this seminal work of nonfiction offers an honest depiction of accounts often seen in media that are, at times, aggrandized. Two additional reasons that make the work so invaluable is that, for starters, it was almost lost to a fire when borrowed by Increase Mather in 1676. Having survived, it found its way to the library of Fulham Palace, perhaps having been brought by a soldier during the Revolutionary War, where it was later published in 1856. The second reason the work is so invaluable is that William Bradford served as governor of Plymouth Plantation for thirty-three years. This fact alone attests to the authenticity of the piece. In his position of leadership, Bradford had in-depth knowledge of the subject matter, as well as experience with the different factions of political and social life in the Puritan colony. Bradford begins the work by providing a valuable background to the Pilgrim Church in England during the years leading up to the migration, 1550-1607. He explains how the emigration of the Separatists from England stemmed from religious freedom. These Separatists refused to adhere to what they saw as corrupt doctrine within the governing church of the day, the Church of England. Because of this, the Separatists were severely persecuted. In time, these religious objectors came to be known as the Puritans. Despite Queen Elizabeth I's tolerance for the Puritans, they were eventually persecuted and had many enemies on several fronts. Not only did they splinter from the Church of England, thus angering major factions of the population, they also split with the teachings and beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church, thus angering many more factions of local and global believers. When James I assumed the throne, the persecution worsened. When the Puritans began suffering torture and seizure of their worldly goods, among other injustices, they made the decision to flee to Holland, where they could practice their faith without issue. James I reacted to this by closing the ports, and Puritans were then forced to pay steep prices to be smuggled out of their own country. Though the Puritans that fled found a new life in Holland, they feared that the Spanish would overtake Holland. As the Spanish were Roman Catholics, the Puritans ultimately feared persecution again, and so immigration to America was meant to resolve the issue of religious freedom. Bradford mentions how the Puritans endured a lot of hardship while trying to start their new life in America, so much so that others of less faith would probably have given up. There were to be two ships, initially, but the Puritans ended up with only one, the Mayflower. The Puritans prevailed, however, and arrived at Cape Cod on November 11, 1620. They were amazed at their surroundings and what appeared to be harsh land and even harsher native peoples. In time, they established their own settlement at Plymouth, erecting the first common house on December 25 of that year. The second book is made up of accounts or "annals." The famous Mayflower Compact is outlined in this section. Bradford also notates the grim fact that more than half of the original Mayflower passengers died due to starvation and disease. The first Thanksgiving is also included in this section, as well as many other accounts, including the subsequent arrival of more ships, the leaner days that followed the bountiful Thanksgiving, and various encounters between the settlers and Native Americans. Many notable events and names from history are also included in the second section, including Mr. Morton and the Merrymount settlement, which is immortalized by Nathaniel Hawthorne in his story "The Maypole of Merrymount." Roger Williams, the founder of Providence, Rhode Island, is mentioned as well. Williams was exiled for his beliefs, and started the Providence colony for people who might be interested in freedom of conscience. Bradford's account of the arrival, as well as the subsequent trials and tribulations faced by the early settlers, mark an interesting contrast to many of the accounts that had been widespread, and still continue to be believed by people, such as the landing on Plymouth Rock and the settlers being greeted by the Native Americans. As Bradford's narrative relates, there was no rock or ceremonial, dramatic landing. Moreover, the Native Americans were not waiting on the shore to greet them with open arms. The account does include dealings with the Native Americans, and how the settlement came about despite its setbacks, some of which were indeed dramatic. One of the largest themes in Bradford's work is that of religious tolerance. Indeed, as readers can surmise, the New World of the settlers was fashioned after a desire for religious tolerance. Those who fled their respective countries in search of religious tolerance (and other reasons), created their new homeland as a safe place, free of persecution. Their sacrifice and bravery are what initially created the United States, and what has allowed the United States and its surrounding environs to prosper. As such, Bradford's narrative also hits on the theme of endurance, including patience and strength. For Bradford, these themes are found in the Puritans' belief in God. God gave them the strength to endure, to remain strong in the face of hardships. As a symbolic theme, this strength applies to people in general, despite religious beliefs. The will to endure and the strength to overcome trials and tribulations is viewed as an American virtue by many, again harking back to the early settlers and their struggles. Bradford's narrative shows how believing in oneself and facing the odds, despite the consequences, might bring about a rewarding outcome for one's trials and tribulations in life.
Cultural Contact
Culture contact, contact between peoples with different cultures, usually leading to change in both systems. -Oroonoko(African Culture) and Aphra Behn (English Culture) -Plymouth Plantation and Native Americans -Rowlandson English and Native American -Crusoe- Crusoe's weird culture and literally everyone he comes in contact with
JACKIE
IS NICE
KATE
IS NICE
KATHRYN
IS THE NICEST
Covenant of Grace
Jesus' death and resurrection brings about new covenant of grace replacing the previous covenant of works established through Hebrew law salvation by grace
Tabula rasa
John Locke the idea that our mind is a blank slate and that all knowledge is derived from experience sensation--> perception--> ideas contradicts "nativism" experience drives perception and formulation of ideas refutes the idea that we have preconceived ideas when we're born
Kate's Deepest and Most Darkest Secret
Kate doesn't know what garlic looks like. She thought they were shrimp. She defended this because she said "she doesn't cook". Kate is a FUKN CRY BABY.
Restoration
King Charles was restored to the english throne
King Philip's War (Metacom's Rebellion)
King Philip's War of 1675-1676 (also known as *Metacom's Rebellion*) marked the last major effort by the Indians of southern New England to drive out the English settlers . *March 1675*: the murder of John Sassamon (a "praying Indian" from Natick) • *June 8*: Sassamon's alleged Wampanoag murderers hanged at Plymouth Colony • *February 10, 1676*: Narraganset attack Lancaster; take Mary Rowlandson captive • *February 23*: Metacom's alliance attacks near Boston •*May 2*: Rowlandson is ransomed •*August 12*: Metacom is killed • *1677-78*: Smallpox epidemic hits Boston •*1682*: The Sovereignty and Goodness of God
"There was a proud and very profane young man, one of the seamen , of a lusty, able body...."
Of Plymouth Plantation Will Bradford p 142
"But here I cannot but stay and make a pause, and stand half amazed at this poor people's present condition, and so I think will the reader, too, when he well considers the same. Being thus passed the vast ocean, and a sea of troubles before in their preparation (as may be remembered before)...
Of Plymouth Plantation Will Bradford p 143
A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson Summary! :)
On February 10, 1675, the settlement of Lancaster, in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was attacked by Native Americans. The Native Americans burned down houses and opened fire on the British settlers, killing several of them and wounding more. They took many of the survivors captive, including Mary Rowlandson and her three children. Mary and her youngest child are among the injured, while others of her family, including her brother-in-law, are killed. The Native Americans lead the captured survivors from their settlement into the wilderness. Rowlandson and her youngest, Sarah are allowed to stay together, but her two oldest, Joseph and Mary, are separated. After spending a night in a nearby town, the Native Americans with their captives head further into the wilderness. Being injured, the journey is difficult for Rowlandson and her daughter. They reach an Indian settlement called Wenimesset, where Rowlandson meets another captive named Robert Pepper who tries to help the new captives. After staying in Wenimesset for about a week, Rowlandson's injured daughter, Sarah, dies. Rowlandson is sold to another Indian who is related to King Philip by marriage. They bury Rowlandson's dead daughter, and she is allowed to visit her oldest daughter Mary who is also being held in Wenimesset, and her oldest son who is allowed to visit from a nearby Indian settlement. The Indians give Rowlandson a Bible in which she finds a great deal of hope. After attacking another town the Native Americans decide to head north, and Rowlandson is again separated from her family and "friends" she has made. The Native Americans, along with Rowlandson, began to move quickly through the forest, as the British army was nearby. They come to the Baquaug River and cross it with the British soldiers close behind. However, the British are not able to cross, and Rowlandson and the Indians continue northwest. They reach the Connecticut River and plan on meeting King Philip, but English scouts are present so they must scatter and hide. Rowlandson and the Indians soon cross the river and meet King Philip. At this settlement, Rowlandson sews for the Indians in return for food. Rowlandson wants to go to Albany in hopes of being sold for gunpowder, but the Indians take her northward and cross the river again. Rowlandson starts hoping she will be returned home, but now the Indians turn south continuing along the Connecticut River instead of heading east towards civilization. The Indians continue their attacks, and Thomas Read joins Rowlandson's group. Read tells Rowlandson that her husband is alive and well, which gives her hope and comfort. Rowlandson and her group finally start to move east. They cross the Baquaug River again where they meet messengers telling Rowlandson she must go to Wachuset where the Indians will discuss her possibility of returning to freedom. Rowlandson eagerly heads toward Wachuset, but the journey wears her down and she is disheartened by the sight of an injured colonist from a previous Indian attack. She reaches Wachuset and speaks to King Philip, who guarantees she will be free in two weeks. The council asks how much her husband would pay for her ransom and they send a letter to Boston saying she will be freed for twenty pounds. After many more Indian attacks and victories, Rowlandson is allowed to travel back to Lancaster, then to Concord and finally to Boston. She is reunited with her husband after 11 long weeks. They stay with a friend in Concord for a while until Rowlandson's sister, son, and daughter are returned. Now back together, the family builds a house in Boston where they live until 1677.
Oroonoko Summary :)
Oroonoko chronicles the story of the African prince Oroonoko and his beloved wife Imoinda, who are captured by the British and brought to Surinam as slaves. The tale is set primarily in this locale on the northern coast of South America during the 1640s, just before the English surrendered the colony to the Dutch. A young English woman, the nameless narrator, resides on Parham Plantation awaiting transportation back to England. She is the daughter of the new deputy-governor, who unfortunately died during the family's voyage to take up his new post. During her wait, she has the opportunity to meet and befriend prince Oroonoko and his lovely wife, Imoinda. Before introducing the primary character, however, the narrator provides great detail about the colony and the inhabitants, presenting first a list of multicolored birds, myriad insects, high-colored flora and exotic fauna, and then an almost anthropological account of the natives with whom the British trade and who seem to the narrator to be as innocent as Adam and Eve in "the first state of innocence, before man knew how to sin." The British, she insists, live happily with the natives. Because of their vast numbers, the colonists are unable to enslave them and so must look elsewhere for slaves to work on the sugar plantations--that is, they look to Africa. After her overview of Surinam, the narrator switches the setting to Coramantien (today Ghana) on the west coast of Africa, where the protagonist Oroonoko is about to meet Imoinda, the daughter of the general who has just died saving Oroonoko's life. The king of Coramantien, who is the 100-year-old grandfather of Oroonoko, has also fallen in love with the young and beautiful girl and has beaten Oroonoko to the punch by sending her the royal veil, a gift Imoinda cannot refuse, and which signifies that she is now the wife of the king. She will spend the rest of her days locked within the otan, or the royal seraglio, which only the king can visit. Oroonoko, however, breaks into the otan with the help of his good friend Aboan, who keeps one of the king's senior wives named Onahal occupied with lovemaking. The king catches him, and Oroonoko flees. Although Imoinda is sold into slavery, the king later informs Oroonoko that she has been honorably put to death. Meanwhile, the British arrive in Coramantien to trade for the war captives whom Oroonoko sells as slaves. The captain invites the prince and his friends to board his vessel as his guest, but then surprises them and takes them captive. Soon after he promises Oroonoko his freedom, when he and his friends refuse to eat, but he fails to keep this promise. Upon the ship's arrival at Surinam, Oroonoko is sold to the mild-mannered and witty overseer of Parham Plantation who befiends him, Mr. Trefry. At this point, Oroonoko meets the narrator. She and Trefry assure the prince that as soon as the lord-governor Willoughby arrives in Surinam he will be set free. Because of his high social status, superior education, and spectacular physical appearance, Oroonoko is never sent to work. He resides away from the other slaves in the plantation house. While walking with Trefry one day, he sees Imoinda. The lovers fall happily into each other's arms and all but instantly marry. Soon Imoinda becomes pregnant. At this point Oroonoko, who desperately desires that his child not be born a slave, becomes even more concerned about his enslaved status despite Trefry's and the narrator's renewed promises that all will be well when the governor arrives. They attempt to divert him with hunting, fishing, and a trip to a native village. Oroonoko is a champion hunter who kills two tigers singlehandedly in addition to managing to hold onto a fishing rod even when an electric eel knocks him unconscious. Although the native village provides distraction (and another means for Behn to provide cultural information about the natives in this region), Oroonoko incites a slave revolt with the other plantation slaves. They escape on Sunday night when the whites are drunk, but they leave a trail that is easy to follow because they have to burn the brush in front of them. The plan is to settle a new community near the shore and find a ship on which to return to Africa. Meanwhile, the narrator flees to safety, but later she gets a firsthand account of the events. Deputy-governor Byam negotiates with Oroonoko to surrender and promises him amnesty. Once more he assures Oroonoko that he and his family will be freed and returned to Africa. Hardly surprising, however, Byam lies once more to Oroonoko and sees that he is whipped brutally, with pepper poured into his wounds, as soon as he surrenders. The despondent Oroonoko realizes he now will never be free and that his child will be born in captivity. He informs Imoinda that he has decided to kill her honorably, take revenge on Byam, and then kill himself. She thanks her husband for allowing her to die with dignity, and he cuts her throat and removes her face with his knife. But Oroonoko becomes prostrated with grief and can never generate enough energy to go after Byam. Sinking ever deeper into depression, he waits for eight days next to the body of his dead wife until the stench brings Byam's men to the site, where they immediately set about killing him. Finally, Oroonoko stands stoically smoking his pipe while they chop off his nose, ears, and one leg. Then he falls down dead, and they quarter his body before disposing of it.
T.U.L.I.P.
PURITAN THEOLOGY *T*otal Depravity *U*nconditional Election *L*imited Atonement *I*rresistible Grace *P*erseverance of the Saints
Where is plymouth plantation located?
Plymouth
Robinson Crusoe Summary
Robinson Crusoe is an Englishman from the town of York in the seventeenth century, the youngest son of a merchant of German origin. Encouraged by his father to study law, Crusoe expresses his wish to go to sea instead. His family is against Crusoe going out to sea, and his father explains that it is better to seek a modest, secure life for oneself. Initially, Robinson is committed to obeying his father, but he eventually succumbs to temptation and embarks on a ship bound for London with a friend. When a storm causes the near deaths of Crusoe and his friend, the friend is dissuaded from sea travel, but Crusoe still goes on to set himself up as merchant on a ship leaving London. This trip is financially successful, and Crusoe plans another, leaving his early profits in the care of a friendly widow. The second voyage does not prove as fortunate: the ship is seized by Moorish pirates, and Crusoe is enslaved to a potentate in the North African town of Sallee. While on a fishing expedition, he and a slave boy break free and sail down the African coast. A kindly Portuguese captain picks them up, buys the slave boy from Crusoe, and takes Crusoe to Brazil. In Brazil, Crusoe establishes himself as a plantation owner and soon becomes successful. Eager for slave labor and its economic advantages, he embarks on a slave-gathering expedition to West Africa but ends up shipwrecked off of the coast of Trinidad. Crusoe soon learns he is the sole survivor of the expedition and seeks shelter and food for himself. He returns to the wreck's remains twelve times to salvage guns, powder, food, and other items. Onshore, he finds goats he can graze for meat and builds himself a shelter. He erects a cross that he inscribes with the date of his arrival, September 1, 1659, and makes a notch every day in order never to lose track of time. He also keeps a journal of his household activities, noting his attempts to make candles, his lucky discovery of sprouting grain, and his construction of a cellar, among other events. In June 1660, he falls ill and hallucinates that an angel visits, warning him to repent. Drinking tobacco-steeped rum, Crusoe experiences a religious illumination and realizes that God has delivered him from his earlier sins. After recovering, Crusoe makes a survey of the area and discovers he is on an island. He finds a pleasant valley abounding in grapes, where he builds a shady retreat. Crusoe begins to feel more optimistic about being on the island, describing himself as its "king." He trains a pet parrot, takes a goat as a pet, and develops skills in basket weaving, bread making, and pottery. He cuts down an enormous cedar tree and builds a huge canoe from its trunk, but he discovers that he cannot move it to the sea. After building a smaller boat, he rows around the island but nearly perishes when swept away by a powerful current. Reaching shore, he hears his parrot calling his name and is thankful for being saved once again. He spends several years in peace. One day Crusoe is shocked to discover a man's footprint on the beach. He first assumes the footprint is the devil's, then decides it must belong to one of the cannibals said to live in the region. Terrified, he arms himself and remains on the lookout for cannibals. He also builds an underground cellar in which to herd his goats at night and devises a way to cook underground. One evening he hears gunshots, and the next day he is able to see a ship wrecked on his coast. It is empty when he arrives on the scene to investigate. Crusoe once again thanks Providence for having been saved. Soon afterward, Crusoe discovers that the shore has been strewn with human carnage, apparently the remains of a cannibal feast. He is alarmed and continues to be vigilant. Later Crusoe catches sight of thirty cannibals heading for shore with their victims. One of the victims is killed. Another one, waiting to be slaughtered, suddenly breaks free and runs toward Crusoe's dwelling. Crusoe protects him, killing one of the pursuers and injuring the other, whom the victim finally kills. Well-armed, Crusoe defeats most of the cannibals onshore. The victim vows total submission to Crusoe in gratitude for his liberation. Crusoe names him Friday, to commemorate the day on which his life was saved, and takes him as his servant. Finding Friday cheerful and intelligent, Crusoe teaches him some English words and some elementary Christian concepts. Friday, in turn, explains that the cannibals are divided into distinct nations and that they only eat their enemies. Friday also informs Crusoe that the cannibals saved the men from the shipwreck Crusoe witnessed earlier, and that those men, Spaniards, are living nearby. Friday expresses a longing to return to his people, and Crusoe is upset at the prospect of losing Friday. Crusoe then entertains the idea of making contact with the Spaniards, and Friday admits that he would rather die than lose Crusoe. The two build a boat to visit the cannibals' land together. Before they have a chance to leave, they are surprised by the arrival of twenty-one cannibals in canoes. The cannibals are holding three victims, one of whom is in European dress. Friday and Crusoe kill most of the cannibals and release the European, a Spaniard. Friday is overjoyed to discover that another of the rescued victims is his father. The four men return to Crusoe's dwelling for food and rest. Crusoe prepares to welcome them into his community permanently. He sends Friday's father and the Spaniard out in a canoe to explore the nearby land. Eight days later, the sight of an approaching English ship alarms Friday. Crusoe is suspicious. Friday and Crusoe watch as eleven men take three captives onshore in a boat. Nine of the men explore the land, leaving two to guard the captives. Friday and Crusoe overpower these men and release the captives, one of whom is the captain of the ship, which has been taken in a mutiny. Shouting to the remaining mutineers from different points, Friday and Crusoe confuse and tire the men by making them run from place to place. Eventually they confront the mutineers, telling them that all may escape with their lives except the ringleader. The men surrender. Crusoe and the captain pretend that the island is an imperial territory and that the governor has spared their lives in order to send them all to England to face justice. Keeping five men as hostages, Crusoe sends the other men out to seize the ship. When the ship is brought in, Crusoe nearly faints. On December 19, 1686, Crusoe boards the ship to return to England. There, he finds his family is deceased except for two sisters. His widow friend has kept Crusoe's money safe, and after traveling to Lisbon, Crusoe learns from the Portuguese captain that his plantations in Brazil have been highly profitable. He arranges to sell his Brazilian lands. Wary of sea travel, Crusoe attempts to return to England by land but is threatened by bad weather and wild animals in northern Spain. Finally arriving back in England, Crusoe receives word that the sale of his plantations has been completed and that he has made a considerable fortune. After donating a portion to the widow and his sisters, Crusoe is restless and considers returning to Brazil, but he is dissuaded by the thought that he would have to become Catholic. He marries, and his wife dies. Crusoe finally departs for the East Indies as a trader in 1694. He revisits his island, finding that the Spaniards are governing it well and that it has become a prosperous colony.
Mary Rowlandson's Use of Bibles/Scriptures
Rowlandson uses her Bible as a connector between her culture, religion, and current situation. The bible acts as a beacon of hope. The verse "be still and know that I am God" allows Rowlandson to relinquish some of her confusion, regret, and worry and forfeit her circumstances to God.
What has happened to Jackie?
SHE'S BEEN EXPOSED!!!
The Exclusion Crisis
The Exclusion Crisis ran from 1679 through 1681 in the reign of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland. The Exclusion Bill sought to exclude the King's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, from the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland because he was Roman Catholic. -Aphra Behn and the problem of succession -exclusion crisis in 1679-81 -oronoko in 1688 -James succeeds Charles II. James wanted more catholics in power, -Aphra Behn contradictory James, opposed atlantic slave trade, was a tory
The Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III, Prince of Orange. William's successful invasion of England with a Dutch fleet and army led to his ascension to the English throne as William III of England jointly with his wife Mary II of England, James's daughter, after the Declaration of Right, leading to the Bill of Rights 1689.
The Massachusetts Bay Colony
The Massachusetts Bay Colony was settled in 1630 by a group of about 1,000 Puritan refugees from England. It was one of the original English settlements in present-day Massachusetts. The leader of the colony was John Winthrop. -On Plymouth Plantation prolly in there -hey kate
Pequot War
The Pequot War was an armed conflict that took place between 1636 and 1638 in New England between the Pequot tribe and an alliance of the English colonists of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies and their Native American allies. -before rowlandson got straight k-napped so prolly gon do with plimmie-plantash
Puritanism
The Puritans were a group of English Reformed Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to "purify" the Church of England from its "Catholic" practices, maintaining that the Church of England was only partially reformed. -Mary Row-Row -Plymouth Pilgros fer sure this relig
Interiority
The characters inner thoughts and feelings in a work of literature Robinson Crusoe- insight into his consciousness full and authentic report of human experience romance--> realism particular--> general
CORAMANTIEN (Oroonoko)
The romance and the heroic ideal: courtly manners; love & honor • Absolutist military society • Fixed property (bullion, land) • Aristocratic values & social hierarchies • *Tory politics*: • Traditional authority of the Church of England and the monarchy • Land as authentic source of status/hierarchy
"it is not titles make men brave or good, or birth that bestows courage and generosity, or makes the owner happy. Believe this"
Title: Oroonoko Author: Aphra Behn Significance of the Text: Oroonoko is refusing to get up and lead his army into battle because he is depressed/heartbroken over the supposed death of Imoinda. Larger Significance: Political power is not gained through bravery/reputation but rather lineage.
Plymouth Plantation
Written between 1630 and 1651, the journal describes the story of the Pilgrims from 1608, when they settled in the Dutch Republic on the European mainland through the 1620 Mayflower voyage to the New World, until the year 1647. The book ends with a list, written in 1651, of Mayflower passengers and what happened to them. -I went there when i was a little kid - jackie
Ontology
a branch of metaphysics that deals with human nature
Individualism
a social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control -Whig Party politics -Seen in Coramantien in Oronoko
Plain Style
a type of writing in which uncomplicated sentences and ordinary words are used to make simplified, direct statements. This style was favored by the Puritans who wanted to express themselves clearly, in accordance with their religious beliefs. The Bay Psalm Book by John Cotton- first book printed in New England
sola scriptura
by scripture alone idea that Bible is the word of God and was to be taken literally Poetry strayed from sola scriptura because it was a lavish form of self-display
Declension
fear that community has gone astray of plymouth plantation
hermeneutics
he branch of knowledge that deals with interpretation, especially of the Bible or literary texts used in typology
Romance
is honestly something i desire but don't necessarily need in my life... i mean it'd be cool but ive been burned so im treading lightly
Honor and Love
major theme in Oroonoko Inkle and Yarico Oroonoko killed Imoinda and child to save them from dishonor of slavery
declension
moral decline Puritans feared declension of younger generations while living in Netherlands, being affected by world around them wanted to ensure faith of future generations Of Plymouth Plantation
Commercial Society
new period of commercial growth during the rise of the novel rise of individualism urban middle class middle class as a new cultural ideal
Empiricism
new philosophy of empiricism: truth comes from experience and perception what we know comes from our senses faculties are innate and God-given
typology
old testament is full of types, new testament is full of antitypes the Bible is a type to the Puritan antitype a type has no meaning until it is fulfilled by the antitype typological hermeneutics Rowlandson is an example of a general type
middle class
rose along with the rise of the novel novels helped to give the mundane tasks and objects that were shared by the middle class a higher meaning
Emblem/Emblematic Readings
serving as a symbol of a particular quality or concept; symbolic. -Crusoe -Oronoko -Rowlandson- Biblical? -Plymouth- Puritans really into emblems
Jackie's Biggest and Most Deepest Darkest Secret
sometimes I eat pasta with ketchup and kraft parmesan cheese on it don't ask me why it's not a huge deal because it's just like eating a different starch with ketchup like a burger bun ok
literacy
the ability to read and write
Conversion
the act or an instance of converting or the process of being converted -Crusoe converting Friday -Puritanism as superior religion
Colonization
the action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area -Oroonoko (Atlantic Slave Trade) - A lot of English colonization of America throughout the works -Crusoe colonizes island by himself (lol fkn loser)
covenant of works
the first part of the little divide symbol thing before Jesus covenant is an agreement with God salvation comes from your good work- Hebrew covenant established by Abraham this was before Jesus established covenant of grace
epistemology
the theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity, and scope. Epistemology is the investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion.
Prelapsarian
the time before the fall of man
Public Sphere
venue in which people can debate issues shapes policy and criticizing government can be anonymous
community
with Rowlandson's part of her appeal of her narrative is because of it's connection between the individual to community
SURINAM (Oroonoko)
• Travel narrative; "true" history; novel? • The Royal Society & empiricism • Commercial society • Mobile/abstract property (credit) • Economic mobility & individualism • *Whig politics*: • Religious toleration for Dissenters • Parliamentary rule & individual's rights • Atlantic merchants & abstract property