N320 Metabolism

COPD, PCO2

elevated

Hyperglycemia

greater than 100 fasting or 140 postprandial

hyperventilation, PCO2

low as you are blowing off all of your CO2.

Glucagon

raises blood glucose

when to take Lispro

right before a meal

How to store NPH and regular insulin

room temperature for a month once it's opened, or in the fridge if unopened.

Intercostal retractions

sign of respiratory distress

crackling sensation develops around a chest tube site

you have an air leak call the Doctor

The nurse is performing an assessment on a client with a diagnosis of myxedema (hypothyroidism). Which assessment finding should the nurse expect to note in this client? 1.Dry skin 2.Thin, silky hair 3.Bulging eyeballs 4.Fine muscle tremors

1.Dry skin

A client has been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. The nurse monitors for which signs and symptoms indicating a complication of this disorder? Select all that apply. 1.Fever 2.Nausea 3.Lethargy 4.Tremors 5.Confusion 6.Bradycardia

1.Fever 2.Nausea 4.Tremors 5.Confusion

The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client with diabetes mellitus who has hyperglycemia. The nurse places priority on which client problem? 1.Lack of knowledge 2.Inadequate fluid volume 3.Compromised family coping 4.Inadequate consumption of nutrients

2.Inadequate fluid volume

The nurse is providing instructions to a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The nurse gives the client a list of the signs of hyperglycemia. Which specific sign of this complication should be included on the list? 1.Shakiness 2.Increased thirst 3.Profuse sweating 4.Decreased urine output

2.Increased thirst

1 ounce

30 mL

The nurse is interviewing a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus who is taking a sulfonylurea. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of this treatment for this disorder? 1. I take oral insulin instead of shots." 2."By taking this medication, I am able to eat more." 3."When I become ill, I need to increase the number of pills I take." 4."The medications I'm taking help release the insulin I already make."

4."The medications I'm taking help release the insulin I already make."

1 teaspoon

5 mL

PH normal range

7.35-7.45

Insulin

A protein hormone synthesized in the pancreas Beta that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into tissues

Hypothyroidism S/S

Bradycardia / sub normal temp / weight gain Constipation hair loss apathy / lethargy Dry skin muscle aches and weakness cold intolerance thick tongue slow speech

glycogen

Storage form of glucose

Hyperthyroidism (Graves) S/S

Tachycardia Diarrhea Exophthalmos Weight Loss Goiter fine straight hair muscle wasting bulging eyes

rehydrate a child or adult

.9% normal saline.

normal lab values of TSH

0.3-6

normal lab values of T4

0.9-2

60 mg

1 grain

A nurse is assessing the glycemic status of a client with diabetes mellitus. Which sign or symptom would indicate that the client is developing hyperglycemia? 1.Polyuria 2.Diaphoresis 3.Hypertension 4.Increased pulse rate

1.Polyuria

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which assessment findings are consistent with this diagnosis? Select all that apply. 1.Polyuria 2.Polydipsia 3.Polyphagia 4.Dry mouth 5.Flushed, dry skin 6.Moist mucous membranes

1.Polyuria 2.Polydipsia 3.Polyphagia 4.Dry mouth 5.Flushed, dry skin

A client with diabetes mellitus is being discharged following treatment for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) precipitated by acute illness. The client tells the nurse, "I will call the primary health care provider (PHCP) the next time I can't eat for more than a day or so." Which statement reflects the most appropriate analysis of this client's level of knowledge? 1.The client needs immediate education before discharge. 2.The client requires follow-up teaching regarding the administration of oral antidiabetics. 3.The client's statement is inaccurate, and he or she should be scheduled for outpatient diabetic counseling. 4.The client's statement is inaccurate, and he or she should be scheduled for educational home health visits

1.The client needs immediate education before discharge.

A client with an endocrine disorder has experienced recent weight loss and exhibits tachycardia. Based on the clinical manifestations, the nurse should suspect dysfunction of which endocrine gland? 1.Thyroid 2.Pituitary 3.Parathyroid 4.Adrenal cortex

1.Thyroid

A hospitalized client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The nurse plans care for the client, understanding that which factors are likely causes of the beta cell destruction that accompanies this disorder? Select all that apply 1.Viruses 2.Genetic factors 3.Autoimmune factors 4.Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) 5.Primary failure of glucagon secretion

1.Viruses 2.Genetic factors 3.Autoimmune factors 4.Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)

The nurse has provided home care measures to the client with diabetes mellitus regarding exercise and insulin administration. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further instruction? 1."I should always wear a MedicAlert bracelet." 2."I should perform my exercise at peak insulin time." 3."I should always carry a quick-acting carbohydrate when I exercise." 4."I should avoid exercising at times when a hypoglycemic reaction is likely to occur."

2."I should perform my exercise at peak insulin time."

A client has returned to the nursing unit after a thyroidectomy. The nurse notes that the client is complaining of tingling sensations around the mouth, fingers, and toes. On the basis of these findings, the nurse should next assess the results of which serum laboratory study? 1.Sodium 2.Calcium 3.Potassium 4.Magnesium

2.Calcium

A home health nurse is visiting a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The client tells the nurse that he is not feeling well and has had a "respiratory infection" for the past week, which seems to be getting worse. After interviewing the client, what should be the initial nursing action? 1.Document the assessment data. 2.Check the client's blood glucose. 3.Notify the primary health care provider (PHCP). 4.Obtain the client's sputum for culture and sensitivity.

2.Check the client's blood glucose.

A client with diabetes mellitus demonstrates acute anxiety when admitted to the hospital for the treatment of hyperglycemia. What is the appropriate intervention to decrease the client's anxiety? 1.Administer a sedative. 2.Convey empathy, trust, and respect toward the client. 3.Ignore the signs and symptoms of anxiety, anticipating that they will soon disappear. 4.Make sure that the client is familiar with the correct medical terms to promote understanding of what is happening.

2.Convey empathy, trust, and respect toward the client.

HCO3 normal range (metabolic)

22-26

normal lab values of T3

230-620

A client has been hospitalized for impaired function of the posterior pituitary gland. The nurse plans to monitor for signs and symptoms of which hormone imbalance? 1.Growth hormone (GH) 2.Luteinizing hormone (LH) 3.Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 4.Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

3.Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A client has just been admitted to the nursing unit following thyroidectomy. Which assessment is the priority for this client? 1.Hoarseness 2.Hypocalcemia 3.Audible stridor 4.Edema at the surgical site

3.Audible stridor

The emergency department nurse is preparing a plan for initial care of a client with a diagnosis of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS). The nurse recognizes that the hyperglycemia associated with this disorder results from which occurrence? 1.Increased use of glucose 2.Overproduction of insulin 3.Increased production of glucose 4.Increased osmotic movement of water

3.Increased production of glucose

A client's serum blood glucose level is 389 mg/dL (22.2 mmol/L). The nurse would expect to note which as an additional finding when assessing this client? 1.Unsteady gait 2.Slurred speech 3.Increased thirst 4.Cold, clammy skin

3.Increased thirst

The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the hospital with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus. In the event that diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) does occur, the nurse anticipates that which medication would most likely be prescribed? 1.Glucagon 2.Glyburide 3.Regular insulin 4.Neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin

3.Regular insulin

A multidisciplinary health care team is developing a plan of care for a client with hyperparathyroidism. The nurse should include which priority intervention in the plan of care? 1.Describe the use of loperamide. 2.Restrict fluids to 1000 mL per day. 3.Walk down the hall for 15 minutes 3 times a day. 4.Describe the administration of aluminum hydroxide gel.

3.Walk down the hall for 15 minutes 3 times a day.

newborn infant normal respiratory rate

30-60. It's also normal for them to have short periods of apnea and shallow breaths

PaCO2 normal range (respiratory)

35-45 mm Hg

normal lab values of A1C

4.0-6.5 higher is indicative of diabetes

The nurse has documented the problem of body image distortion for a client with a diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. The nurse identifies nursing interventions related to this problem and includes these interventions in the plan of care. Which nursing intervention is inappropriate? 1.Encourage the client's expression of feelings. 2.Assess the client's understanding of the disease process. 3.Encourage family members to share their feelings about the disease process. 4.Encourage the client to recognize that the body changes need to be dealt with.

4.Encourage the client to recognize that the body changes need to be dealt with.

A client has begun medication therapy with propylthiouracil. The nurse should assess the client for which condition as an adverse effect of this medication? 1.Joint pain 2.Renal toxicity 3.Hyperglycemia 4.Hypothyroidism

4.Hypothyroidism

The nurse is monitoring a diabetic client with a blood glucose level of 400 mg/dL (22.2 mmol/L). Which clinical manifestation would indicate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? 1.Bradycardia 2.Cool, clammy skin 3.Lower extremity edema 4.Rapid, deep respirations

4.Rapid, deep respirations

A client has been diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome. The nurse should assess the client for which expected manifestations of this disorder? 1.Dizziness 2.Weight loss 3.Hypoglycemia 4.Truncal obesity

4.Truncal obesity

Normal blood glucose

70-140mg/dl

Chvostek's sign

clinical sign of hypocalcemia which consist of twitching of muscles innervated by facial nerve

Dietary need for diabetics

some fat

priority for a total thyroidectomy patient

the airway and associated vital signs

insulin resistance

the condition in which a normal amount of insulin produces a subnormal effect in muscle, adipose, and liver cells, resulting in an elevated fasting glucose; a metabolic consequence of obesity that precedes type 2 diabetes.

levothyroxine, or Synthroid needs to monitor

their heart rate as it may go up too high

goal with a Grave's disease, or hyperthyroidism

to normalize their metabolism

Hypoparathyroidism supplements

vitamin D and calcium