Nat Dis ch4
In 1985, because of the Michoacan earthquake many buildings collapsed and killed about 8,000 people in Mexico City, even though the city lies 350 miles from the epicenter. All but which of the following caused this?
Collapse of thousands of single-story frame houses
Three basic classes of collisions include all but which of the following
Continental plate versus mantle plate
__________ are the down-dropped areas in the middle of spreading-center domes that are being pulled apart.
Rift valleys
On 9 January 1857, the San Andreas fault segment between Cholame and San Bernardino broke loose at its northwestern end, and the rupture propagated southeastward in the great __________ earthquake with a magnitude of about 8.3.
San Francisco
Constraining bends in large strike-slip faults commonly "lock up"; thus, movements there tend to be __________
infrequent and large
The Pacific Plate subducts along _________ edges and creates enormous earthquakes, such as the 1923 Tokyo seism.
its northern and western
In San Francisco's Marina district in 1989, some fill underwent permanent deformation and settling, and some formed slurries as underground water and loose sediment flowed like a fluid in a process known as __________
liquefaction
Most earthquakes are explainable using __________
plate-tectonics theory
The seismic-gap method of earthquake forecasting works by identifying __________
segments along a fault that not moved for the longest amount of time
Which of the following does not have a significant convergent margin?
African Plate
Which of the following is not a divergent margin?
Aleutian Island Arc
Shallow subduction zone earthquakes occur __________________
All of these are correct
How does a locked zone in a fault typically catch up with a creeping section
By infrequent but large fault movements
Which of the following correctly states the order in which a continental area is transformed into an ocean basin as a spreading center forms?
Centering, doming, rifting, and finally spreading
Which of the following sections along the San Andreas fault remained as a seismic gap as of late 2015
The Crystal Springs area south of San Francisco
Using the seismic gap method, scientists identify section "C" of a fault as a seismic gap. Which of the following possible answers correctly states what this means?
The next major earthquake will likely occur in section "C" but it is not a guarantee.
The slide-past motions of long transform faults occur in all but which of the following?
Where the Indian subcontinent touches Asia.
In the 1989 Loma Prieta quake, the Marina District building collapses were extensive, and numerous destructive fires broke out, due to all but which one of the following?
Widespread looting and arson
The spreading-center segment at the southern end of California's Salton Sea is marked by all but which of the following?
a lack of small earthquakes because magma is too close to Earth's surface
Recent work has shown that the last major earthquake in the Cascadia subduction zone occurred about 9 p.m. on 26 January 1700 and was about magnitude 9. This is known by _________________
analysis of annual growth rings in trees of downed forests along the Oregon-Washington-British Columbia coast showing no rings after 1699 and Tsunami of 2-m (7-ft) height that hit Japan from midnight to dawn pointing to a 9 p.m. earthquake along the Washington-Oregon coast on 26 January 1700.
The Dead Sea and the Sea of Galilee __________________
are pull-apart basins and the result of strike-slip motion
The best time for an earthquake to occur to minimize loss of life is __________.
during the night when most people are home and asleep
When a number of earthquakes along in the same general area over the course of a few months or years, the event is referred to as a(n) _________
earthquake cluster
The ongoing collision between Asia and the subcontinent of India is resulting in _________
great earthquakes over a gigantic area
The __________ segment of the San Andreas fault is the only one not to have a long rupture in historic time. In prehistory, it has ruptured every 250 years on average, but the last big movement was in 1690.
southern
. The largest earthquakes along western North America are due to subduction beneath the continent. They include __________
the plates subducting beneath Oregon and Washington which generated a magnitude 9 earthquake on 26 January 1700
A triple junction is the point where __________
three tectonic plates touch
Liquefaction occurs when seismic waves cause __________
water to be injected into sediment causing the grains to lose cohesion and behave like a fluid
The greatest earthquakes in the world occur _____________.
where plates collide with each other
