NBDHE review questions

The rests of malaise are located where? a. PDL b. pulp c. dentin d. enamel e. cementum

a. PDL

The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a given period of time is referred to as which of the following? a. incidence b. mortality c. causality d. prevalence e. morbidity

a. incidence

Which of the following statements about dental radiographic exposure variables is true? a. increasing the mA darkens the radiograph b. milliamperage affects radiographic contrast c. decreasing exposure time darkens the radiograph d. exposure time is difficult to change on most machines

a. increasing the mA darkens the radiograph

Radiolucent refers to that portion of a dental image that a. is black b. is white c. indicates bone d. shows a dense area

a. is black

Which antibody is involved in a Type I hypersensitivity reaction? a. lgE b. IgD c. IgA d. lgG

a. lgE

A virion is a: a. viral envelope b. complete virus c. cytoplasmic enclosure d. remnant of a virus used in diagnostic tests

b. complete virus

Which of the following structures is derived from ectoderm? a. pulp b. dentin c. enamel d. periodontal ligament

c. enamel

Which of the following are most indicated for a dental sealant? a. 1st molar on a 25-year-old with deep pits and fissures b. 1st primary molar on a 3 years old with flat occlusal surface c. 1st primary molar on a 6 year old with deep pits and fissures d. 1st permanent molar on a 6 year old with deep pits and fissures

d. 1st permanent molar on a 6 year old with deep pits and fissures

One gram of carbohydrate yields: a. 9 kcal b. 7 kcal c. 5 kcal d. 4 kcal

d. 4 kcal

The code of Ethics for the profession of dental hygiene have been established by which of the following entities? a. American Dental Association b. State regulatory/licensing boards c. Commission on Dental Accreditation d. American Dental Hygienists' Association e. Various textbook authors and researchers within the profession

d. American Dental Hygienists' Association

Which of the following is the serum marker for HIV infection? a. HAV b. HBcAg c. HBsAG d. HIV antibody

d. HIV antibody

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with blood clotting abnormalities? a. B1 b. C c. E d. K

d. K

A ranula is usually found on the: a. mucosa b. vestibule c. labial fold d. floor of the mouth

d. floor of the mouth

Stage 2 hypertension is classified when a client's blood pressure has a consistent blood pressure reading of: a. 145/98 b. 110/75 C. 120/80 d. 180/120

a. 145/98

Inactive ingredients help maintain the toothpaste's consistency to make it more palatable to the consumer. Active ingredients contribute to the therapeutic properties of the dentifrice. a. Both statements are true. b. Both statements are false. c. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. d. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

a. Both statements are true.

Aluminum filters are used to remove ____________-energy, _______________ wavelength x-rays a. Low; longer b. High; longer c. Low; shorter d. high; shorter

a. Low; longer

Eventually, in tooth development, the condensation of ectomesenchymal cells will form the dental sac, which will develop into which of the following? a. PDL b. Pulp c. Dentin d. Enamel

a. PDL

Which immune cell is MOST active in cellular immunity? a. T cell b. B cell c. plasma cell d. macrophage

a. T cell

Of gypsum materials, which is the most compressive/weak: a. Type Il b. Type Ill c. Type IV d. A and B

a. Type Il

Which microscopic technique must be employed to identify mycobacterium tuberculosis? a. acid-fast staining b. dark field microscopy c. cassien-associated imaging d. scanning electron microscopy

a. acid-fast staining

Which of the following characterizes a complete protein? a. adequate in all the essential amino acids b. synthesized by the body c. provided through plant foods d. a dispensable amino acid

a. adequate in all the essential amino acids

The periodontal ligament fiber group that runs from the cementum to the crestal bone is termed: a. alveolar crest b. apical c. horizontal d. interradicular e. oblique

a. alveolar crest

Which of the following will not be visible on a correctly placed and exposed bitewing radiograph? a. apical abscess b. interproximal caries c. overhanging restoration d. resorption of the alveolar crest

a. apical abscess

Which of the following local anesthetic agents may be useful in patients with hepatic dysfunction? a. articaine b. lidocaine c. bupivacaine d. mepivacaine

a. articaine

Which of the following vitamins is found in broccoli, strawberries, green peppers, tomatoes, and melons? a. ascorbic acid b. biotin c. vitamin B5 d. vitamin E

a. ascorbic acid

Which of the following choices has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic and antiplatelet action? a. aspirin b. codeine c. hydrocodone d. acetaminophen

a. aspirin

Which of the following is NOT true of type 2 diabetes mellitus? a. autoimmunity is the key to its development b. it typically occurs at 40 years of age or older c. those with it have increased insulin resistance d. glucose control can be achieved without daily insulin injections in many cases

a. autoimmunity is the key to its development

Impression materials are considered what type of dental material? a. auxiliary b. restorative c. preventive/Therapeutic d. none of the above

a. auxiliary

Antibiotic premedication should be evaluated for an individual with a history of intravenous (IV) drug use. Heart valve damage may be associated with substance abuse. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. first statement is true, second statement is false d. first statement is false, Second statement is true

a. both statements are true

Demographic information suggests a negative correlation between dental decay and socioeconomic status. This means that as a socioeconomic status decreases, the observance of dental decay increases. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. the first statement is true, the second false d. the first statement is false, the second true

a. both statements are true

PMS and macrophages are involved in phagocytosis. Both of these cell types migrate to sites of inflammation to engulf bacteria and discharge granules consisting of microbicidal substances. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. the first statement is true, the second is false d. the first statement is false, the second is true

a. both statements are true

Sensitivity can be treated clinically with 5% NaF varnishes which are FDA approved for treating hypersensitivity. Caries prevention is an off label and accepted use for caries control. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. the first statement is true, the second false d. the first statement is false, the second true

a. both statements are true

The metabolite formed during metabolism (biotransformation) is more polar and less lipid soluble than its parent compound. This allows for the metabolite to be excreted. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. the first statement is true, the second is false d. the first statement is false, the second is true

a. both statements are true

The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain. This gland is responsible for thyroid glands and metabolism as well as water/salt concentration at the kidneys, temperature regulation, and pain relief. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. the first statement is true, the second false d. the first statement is false, the second true

a. both statements are true

Tobacco use is associated with increased levels of periodontal disease. It has multiple systemic effects that alter the inflammatory process. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. the first statement is true; the second statement is false d. the second statement is false; the first statement is true

a. both statements are true

Each of the following triangles is in the posterior triangle of the neck except one. Which one is the exception? a. carotid b. occipital c. subclavian d. none of the above

a. carotid

All of the following are involved in enforcing infection control in dentistry except: a. center for Disease Control and Prevention b. occupational Safety and Health Administration c. state licensing boards with infection control regulations d. all of the above are involved in enforcing infection control in dentistry

a. center for Disease Control and Prevention

A "reverse smile line" is seen on the image if the patient's a. chin is tipped up b. chin is tipped down c. teeth are positioned too far back on the bite-block d. teeth are positioned too far forward on the bite-block

a. chin is tipped up

A sealant is placed on permanent molars to help prevent: a. class I caries b. class II caries c. class Ill caries d. class IV caries

a. class I caries

Which of the following is an example of a basic activity of daily living (ADL)? a. client can brush his teeth. b. client can clean his house. c. client can cook dinner for himself d. client can drive a van adapted for his impairment.

a. client can brush his teeth.

Treatment with all of the following agents is associated with development of gingival hypertrophy EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? a. clonidine b. nifedipine c. verapamil d. phenytoin

a. clonidine

Which of the following products is the most commonly used opioid in dentistry? a. codeine b. morphine c. hydrocodone d. oxymorphone

a. codeine

What virus is associated with herpangina? a. coxsackie virus b. chickenpox virus c. epstein-Barr virus d. varicella zoster Virus

a. coxsackie virus

The clinical permitted duty of polishing teeth a. depends on state law b. can be delegated by the dentist c. is a function of the dental hygienist d. is a traditional dental assisting duty

a. depends on state law

All of the following are characteristics of autoimmune disorders EXCEPT one. Which condition is the EXCEPTION? a. early onset b. multifactorial c. antibody-mediated d. more common in females

a. early onset

Which of the following is the OSHA primarily concerned with protecting? a. employee b. employer c. client d. community

a. employee

Nitrous oxide is eliminated via: a. exhalation b. excretion in the urine c. P-450 enzyme system d. biotransformation in the respiratory system

a. exhalation

Breach of contract violates which ethical principle/core value? a. fidelity b. autonomy c. beneficence d. confidentiality e. non-maleficence

a. fidelity

You just treated a patient who is HIV positive. How should you handle the instruments and cassette after use? a. follow routine instrument processing steps b. sterilize the instruments with a chemical sterilant first, rinse them, place them back in the cassette, and then follow routine instrument processing steps c. immediately heat-sterilize the instruments and then follow the routine instrument processing steps d. put the instrument cassette through the routine processing steps twice

a. follow routine instrument processing steps

The mandibular division (v3) of the trigeminal nerve exits which of the following? a. foremen ovale b. jugular foramen c. foremen rotundum d. internal orbital fissure e. superior orbital fissure

a. foremen ovale

All of the following medications has been associated with gingival hyperplasia EXCEPT: a. fosamax b. phenytoin c. nifedipine d. cyclosporine

a. fosamax

Oral candidiasis is caused by a: a. fungus b. protozoan c. bacterium d. spirochete

a. fungus

Diuretics are used in the treatment of hypertension. Which of the following is an example of a loop diuretic? a. furosemide b. indapamide c. chlorthalidone d. hydrochlorothiazide

a. furosemide

What change in alveolar bone on a dental radiograph indicates early loss of bone? a. fuzziness in the crest of the bone. b. faint cup-shaped areas interproximally c. vertical or angular defects d. furcation involvement

a. fuzziness in the crest of the bone.

A surgical procedure that reduces pocket depths by removing the soft tissue pocket wall in supragingival pockets is referred to as a: a. gingivectomy b. modified Widman flap c. guided tissue regeneration d. ostectomy

a. gingivectomy

Sucrose is hydrolyzed into: a. glucose and fructose b. glucose and galactose c. two molecules of glucose d. two molecules of fructose

a. glucose and fructose

The strongest, most wear resistant restorative material is: a. gold b. amalgam c. porcelain d. composite e. porcelain fused to metal

a. gold

Dental biofilm associated with gingival health is typically composed of: a. gram-positive aerobic cocci and rods b. gram-negative aerobic cocci and rods c. gram-positive rods and spirochetes d. gram-negative rods and spirochetes

a. gram-positive aerobic cocci and rods

What is the top step of the learning ladder? a. habit b. action c. awareness d. involvement

a. habit

All of the following conditions are associated with the Epstein-Barr virus EXCEPT: a. herpangina b. hairy leukoplakia c. infectious mononucleosis d. nasopharyngeal carcinoma

a. herpangina

Which is the correct order for the ethical decision making process in dental hygiene? a. identify problem, collect information, state the options, apply ethical principles, make the decision, implement decision b. collect information, identify problem, state the options, apply ethical principles, make the decision, implement decision c. state the options, collect information, identify the problem, apply ethical principles, make the decision, implement decision d. collect information, state the options, identify the problem, apply ethical principles, make the decision, implement decision

a. identify problem, collect information, state the options, apply ethical principles, make the decision, implement decision

Which of the following will correct an elongated image? a. increasing the vertical angulation b. decreasing the vertical angulation c. directing the central ray perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth d. directing the central ray perpendicular to the plane of the image receptor

a. increasing the vertical angulation

A patient presenting with an HIV positive status is refused treatment by a dental practice. This is a violation of which ethical principle? a. justice b. autonomy c. beneficence d. societal trust e. non-maleficence

a. justice

Fairness and equality represent which ethical principle/core value? a. justice b. fidelity c. veracity d. beneficence

a. justice

The condition most commonly seen in HIV+ individuals is: a. kaposi's sarcoma b. candidiasis c. herpes simplex virus d. hairy leukoplakia

a. kaposi's sarcoma

A white lesion that cannot be rubbed off and cannot be diagnosed on the basis of clinical characteristics alone is termed a. leukoplakia b. erythroplakia c. squamous cell carcinoma d. dentinogenesis imperfecta

a. leukoplakia

Wickham's striae is associated with which of the following conditions: a. lichen planus b. kaposi's sarcoma c. erythema multiforme d. lupus erythematosus

a. lichen planus

General sensation to anterior 2/3 of tongue is supplied by which of the following nerves? a. lingual b. hypoglossal c. glossopharyngeal d. chorda tympani

a. lingual

In a patient that grinds, which of the following muscles will be prominent? a. masseter b. temporalis c. zygomaticus d. buccinator e. lateral pterygoid

a. masseter

Which of the following teeth may exhibit a Cusp of Carabelli? a. maxillary 1st molar b. maxillary premolar c. maxillary 2nd molar d. mandibular premolar e. mandibular 2nd molar

a. maxillary 1st molar

A patient with CD4+ cells/mm3 of less than 200 would require: a. medical clearance b. systemic antivirals c. routine treatment d. antifungal treatment

a. medical clearance

An AIDS patient presenting with Candidiasis would require: a. medical referral b. systemic antivirals c. antifungal treatment d. antibiotic premedication

a. medical referral

Which of the following represents the smallest particle size for composite materials? a. nanofill b. microfill c. macrofill d. microhybrid

a. nanofill

The inverted Y refers to the intersection of the maxillary sinus and the a. nasal cavity b. incisive foramen c. anterior nasal spine d. median palatal suture

a. nasal cavity

Which of the following is a radiolucent image evident on a maxillary central incisor periapical film? a. nasal fossa b. nasal septum c. lingual foramen d. anterior nasal spine

a. nasal fossa

Which of the following is considered an unintentional tort? a. negligence b. defamation c. misrepresentation d. assault and battery

a. negligence

What is the best reason/advantage to using polymerized sealant material? a. no mixing required b. requires less isolation c. self-curing via chemical reaction d. prevents bacteria access to pits and fissures

a. no mixing required

Which of the following stains are associated with chromogenic bacteria? a. orange b. yellow c. brown d. black

a. orange

The most common oral site for donor tissue for free gingival graft procedures is the: a. palate b. tongue c. lingual mucosa d. fresh extraction site

a. palate

Which of the following is considered and exocrine gland? a. parotid b. thymus c. thyroid d. pituitary e. parathyroid

a. parotid

Which of the following agents is the drug of choice for an early dental infection unless the patient is allergic to it? a. penicillin b. clindamycin c. erythromycin d. metronidazole

a. penicillin

During which stage does the dental hygienist develop a blueprint? a. planning b. evaluation c. assessment d. implementation e. dental hygiene diagnosis

a. planning

Which of the following provides desensitization via nerve depolarization? a. potassium nitrate b. calcium phosphate c. potassium oxalate d. stannous fluoride e. strontium chloride

a. potassium nitrate

Designing a community health program in the local community that provides mouth guards to the student athletes is what type of prevention? a. primary prevention b. tertiary prevention c. secondary prevention d. moderation prevention

a. primary prevention

Which of the following is NOT a good source of potassium? a. red meat b. eggs c. avocado d. dairy products

a. red meat

All are considered essential elements of informed consent except which? a. referral b. diagnosis c. treatment d. consequences

a. referral

What is the lead collimator responsible for? a. restricts the size of the x-ray beam b. filters the longer-wavelength x-rays from the beam c. permits a small number of x-rays to exit from the x-ray tube d. carries away the heat produced during the production of x-rays

a. restricts the size of the x-ray beam

A dose-related reaction that produces undesirable effects caused by the action on nontarget organs is called a a. side effect. b. drug allergy. c. toxic reaction. d. therapeutic effect.

a. side effect.

Active listening involves which of the following? a. silence b. open-ended questions c. closed-ended questions d. none of the above

a. silence

Trace minerals help to keep our bodies in balance. The minerals essential for water balance in the body are: a. sodium and potassium b. sodium and iodine c. chlorine and iron d. calcium and magnesium

a. sodium and potassium

Shrinkage of a reversible or irreversible hydrocolloid is a result of: a. syneresis b. imbibition c. compression d. polymerization e. thermal conductivity

a. syneresis

When a drug enters the bloodstream, what portion of the agent exerts its therapeutic effect? a. the free form of the drug in plasma b. that portion of the drug bound to albumin c. the metabolized portion of the drug in plasma d. once administered, all portions of the medicament are therapeutic

a. the free form of the drug in plasma

State regulations that include infection control requirements are designed to protect who? a. the patient b. the practitioner c. both the patient and the practitioner d. neither the patient or the practitioner

a. the patient

Which type of Hepatitis is caused by poor hygiene, transmitted via oral-fecal route? a. type A and E b. type A, B, C c. type B and E d. type D and E

a. type A and E

Access to subgingival calculus deposits on the proximal surfaces of the mandibular anterior teeth is difficult because of papillary enlargement of the gingival tissue. Which of the following statements provides the BEST advice for thorough subgingival calculus removal? a. use a curet with a small, thin working end, and approach the deposit from both facial and lingual aspects b. try to remove the deposit with an explorer using an assessment stroke C. use a calculus removal stroke subgingivally with an anterior sickle scaler d. use the ultrasonic with a universal insert applying heavy lateral pressure

a. use a curet with a small, thin working end, and approach the deposit from both facial and lingual aspects

The maxillary teeth, buccal gingiva, and pulp of molars are innervated by which cranial nerve? a. v b. III c. IX d. IX e. VII

a. v

Which extraoral image is used to evaluate the maxillary sinus? a. waters b. panoramic c. lateral jaw d. lateral cephalometric

a. waters

Three characteristics to consider when selecting an instrument handle are: a. weight, diameter, and texture b. weight, length, and diameter c. length, diameter, and texture d. weight, diameter, and length

a. weight, diameter, and texture

Which of the following is true regarding filiform papillae? a. whitish in color b. least in number c. contain taste buds d. contain von ebner's glands e. all of the above are true

a. whitish in color

Which of the following statements is true of wavelength in reference to radiation? a. x-rays with longer wavelength have less penetrating power b. x-rays with shorter wavelength have less penetrating power c. milliamperage controls the wavelength and energy of the x-ray beam d. x-rays with longer wavelength are less likely to be absorbed by matter

a. x-rays with longer wavelength have less penetrating power

The purpose of a professional code of ethics includes all of the following except one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. to achieve high levels of practice b. to achieve high levels of integrity c. to achieve high levels of decision making d. to achieve high levels of ethical consciousness

b

The universal curet has ________ working ends. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

b. 2

Because of the compromised immune system, it is important to place clients with autoimmune disease on what interval time of oral hygiene maintenance? a. 1 month b. 2-3 months c. 4-6 months d. 7-9 months

b. 2-3 months

What is the Maximum Permissible Dose (MP) that a person that works with radiation can receive (occupational dose)? a. 5 Sv/year b. 5 rem/year c. 0.5 rem/year d. 0.005 Sv/year

b. 5 rem/year

An abnormal drug response that is usually genetically related is termed: a. Teratogenic response b. Idiosyncratic reaction c. Potency-Efficacy reaction d. Type I hypersensitivity reaction

b. Idiosyncratic reaction

Which antibody is the most abundant type of antibody in the body? a. IgA b. IgG c. IgD d. IgE

b. IgG

Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding amalgam restorations? a. economical, durable restoration b. Increase potential for percolation over time c. least technique sensitive restorative procedure d. has the potential to 'creep' due to occlusal forces e. all of the above are true

b. Increase potential for percolation over time

Which of the following vitamins is associated with blood clotting? a. D b. A c. E d. K

b. K

What level of functional limitation would a client who uses adaptive equipment such as an augmentative and alternative communication device, be classified as exhibiting? a. Level I b. Level II c. Level III d. Level IV

b. Level II

Which cyst often appears as a heart-shaped radiolucency? a. Radicular b. Nasopalatine duct c. Globulomaxillary d. Lateral periodontal

b. Nasopalatine duct

Which of the following indices would be best for evaluating caries in an elderly group who experience gingival recession? a. SBI b. RCI c. deft d. DMFT

b. RCI

According to OSHA, which of the following should not be considered an example of regulated medical/dental waste? a. an extracted tooth b. a used latex examination glove c. a used anesthetic needle d. a used bur

b. a used latex examination glove

What is the first clinical sign of demineralization? a. dark spot in the pits and fissures b. a white spot lesion c. when a sealant is not retained d. biofilm on the tooth surface

b. a white spot lesion

The preconditioning stage of biofilm attachment is considered: a. materia alba b. acquired pellicle c. glycocalyx d. none of the above

b. acquired pellicle

Gingivitis and periodontitis share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception? a. pocket formation b. alveolar bone loss c. tissue inflammation d. collagen fiber destruction

b. alveolar bone loss

Which material is least effected by saliva contamination? a. sealant b. amalgam c. composite d. resin glass ionomer

b. amalgam

A type I hypersensitivity reaction refers to what type of reaction? a. cytotoxic Reaction b. anaphylactic Reaction c. delayed Hypersensitivity d. immune Complex Reaction

b. anaphylactic Reaction

Confidentiality relates to the confidentiality of the patient information and relationship and demonstrates the profession's value of which ethical principle? a. justice b. autonomy c. beneficence d. societal trust e. non-maleficence

b. autonomy

The second step on the learning ladder is: a. action b. awareness c. self-interest d. involvement

b. awareness

Agents such albuterol (Proventil. Ventolin) cause bronchodilation by binding to a. beta1 receptors b. beta2 receptors c. alpha receptors d. nicotinic receptors

b. beta2 receptors

Which of the following is used for an interproximal evaluation? a. occlusals b. bite-wing c. periapicals d. panoramic

b. bite-wing

A negatively skewed distribution has a curve that is shifted to the left. The curve of a negatively skewed distribution results from more scores falling in the lower range. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. the first statement is true, the second false d. the first statement is false, the second true

b. both statements are false

A patient with an unshielded cardiac pacemaker requires antibiotic premedication before treatment. Ultrasonic scaling systems are safe in patients with an unshielded cardiac pacemaker. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. first statement is true. second statement is false d. first statement is false, second statement is true

b. both statements are false

All impression materials set by gelation with the exception of reversible hydrocolloid. Reversible hydrocolloids set by polymerization. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. the first statement is true, the second false d. the first statement is false, the second true

b. both statements are false

The main purpose in placing a base is to protect the pulp from chemical irritation. A varnish is used to seal dentinal tubules underneath composite restorations. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. the first statement is false, but the second is true d. the first statement is true, but the second is false

b. both statements are false

All of the following are muscles of mastication except for which? a. masseter b. buccinator c. temporalis d. lateral pterygoid e. medial pterygoid

b. buccinator

Supragingival calculus is primarily composed of: a. calcium carbonate b. calcium phosphate c. glycoproteins d. magnesium

b. calcium phosphate

What drug is used to treat xerostomia? a. phenytoin (Dilantin) b. cevimeline (Evoxac) c. levothyroxine (Synthroid) d. amitriptyline (Elavil)

b. cevimeline (Evoxac)

An MO composite on a posterior tooth is which G.V. Black classification? a. class I b. class II c. class IlI d. class IV e. class V f. class VI

b. class II

Which is the correct order for sealant placement? a. rinse, isolate, clean, dry, etch, rinse, dry, apply sealant, evaluate, check occlusion b. clean, rinse, isolate, dry, etch, rinse, dry, apply sealant, evaluate, check occlusion c. isolate, clean, rinse, dry, etch, rinse, dry, apply sealant, evaluate, check occlusion d. etch, rinse, dry, clean, rinse, isolate, dry, apply sealant, evaluate, check occlusion e. check occlusion, clean, rinse, isolate, dry, etch, rinse, dry, apply sealant, evaluate

b. clean, rinse, isolate, dry, etch, rinse, dry, apply sealant, evaluate, check occlusion

Which of the following is the best single estimate of the periodontal support around a tooth? a. probing depth b. clinical attachment level c. bleeding on probing d. radiographic assessment

b. clinical attachment level

The purpose of the anode is to a. produce electrons when heated b. convert electrons into x-ray photons c. absorb heat created by the production of x-rays d. filter out nonpenetrating, longer-wavelength x-rays

b. convert electrons into x-ray photons

Which of the following best describes Standard of Care? a. well defined by courts b. defined by the profession c. part of the code of ethics for dental hygiene d. represents the ethical principle of beneficence

b. defined by the profession

How does penicillin exert its bactericidal properties? a. produces endotoxin b. destroys cell wall integrity c. interferes with bacterial DNA synthesis d. destroys bacterial endoplasmic reticulum function

b. destroys cell wall integrity

Within 4 to 7 days after dental biofilm accumulation, what histopathological lesion occurs? a. initial lesion b. early lesion c. established lesion d. advanced lesion

b. early lesion

When the SANS is stimulated, the adrenal medulla releases primarily what neurotransmitter into the systemic circulation? a. muscarine b. epinephrine c. acetylcholine d. norepinephrine

b. epinephrine

Loss of tooth structure caused by chemical action describes: a. allergy b. erosion c. attrition d. abrasion

b. erosion

Attrition is loss of tooth structure caused by which of the following? a. bacterial influences b. excessive horizontal forces c. chemical influences on the cusp tips and incisal edges d. mechanical wearing

b. excessive horizontal forces

Changing a treatment plan without informing the patient violates which of the following? a. veracity b. fidelity c. beneficence d. societal trust e. non-maleficence

b. fidelity

All but which of the following contain taste buds? a. foliate b. filiform c. fungiform d. circumvallate e. foliate lingual

b. filiform

Characteristic hyperplasia of which of the following papillae is termed hairy tongue? a. foliate b. filiform c. fungiform d. circumvallate

b. filiform

A well defined, scalloped, red area along the gingival margin is adjacent to a base-metal crown. Each of the following could have caused the redness EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception? a. nickle allergy b. galvanic reaction c. poor oral hygiene d. subgingival crown margin

b. galvanic reaction

A 34-year old client with Stage I periodontitis who smokes and has challenges with self-care is new to your practice. All of the following initial or nonsurgical periodontal therapies are appropriate to recommend for this client EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. topical antimicrobial mouthrinse b. gingival curettage c. scaling and periodontal debridement d. selective stain removal

b. gingival curettage

Sorbitol, which is a sugar alcohol often used in diabetic foods and sugarless gum, is made from: a. fructose b. glucose c. galactose d. mannitol

b. glucose

Which one of the following differentiates subgingival plaque biofilm from supragingival plaque? a. chromogenic bacteria influence the color b. gram-negative anaerobes predominate c. aerobic bacteria predominate in the slime layer d. the biofilm becomes calcified over time

b. gram-negative anaerobes predominate

Microscopically, staphylococci present as: a. paired microbes b. grape-like clusters c. chains of organisms d. encapsulated clumps

b. grape-like clusters

The types of periodontal surgery that increase the predictability for growth of new tissues of the periodontal apparatus are called procedures for: a. access to the root surface b. guided tissue regeneration c. treatment of osseous defects d. pocket reduction or elimination

b. guided tissue regeneration

Minimizing or avoiding aerosol-producing procedures as a result of COVID-19 is a a. mandate from OSHA b. guideline from the CDC c. mandate from the CDC d. all of the above

b. guideline from the CDC

All of the following contributes to the development of oral candidiasis EXCEPT: a. xerostomia b. herpangina c. HIV infection d. antibiotic therapy

b. herpangina

When lower kilovoltage settings are used, what kind of image will result? a. low contrast b. high contrast c. many shades of gray d. there is no change in contrast

b. high contrast

The most common adverse reaction associated with any insulin product is: a. bradycardia b. hypoglycemia c. hyperglycemia d. intestinal stasis

b. hypoglycemia

All of the following are effects of the sympathetic nervous system EXCEPT one. Which effect is the EXCEPTION? a. pupil dilatation b. increased salivation c. increased heart rate d. increased respiration

b. increased salivation

The enamel pearl is a. is an extra cusp b. is a radiopaque sphere c. is also known as a taurodont d. is also known as a talon cusp

b. is a radiopaque sphere

Which of the following is typically an acute metabolic complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus? a. retinal damage b. ketoacidosis c. atherosclerosis d. end-stage kidney failure

b. ketoacidosis

The invisible pattern of stored energy on the exposed film is called the a. emulsion b. latent image c. X-ray photon d. variable density pattern

b. latent image

The gray-white opalescent film seen on the buccal mucosa of 85% of black adults is a variant of normal that requires no treatment and is termed a. linea alba b. leukoedema c. leukoplakia d. white sponge nevus

b. leukoedema

Which of the following primary teeth erupts first? a. maxillary incisors b. mandibular incisors c. mandibular cuspids d. maxillary first molars e. mandibular first molars

b. mandibular incisors

Floss holders should be recommended for clients with which one of the following: a. excellent home care b. manual dexterity problems c. dential hypersensitivity d. inadequate exposure to fluoride

b. manual dexterity problems

Which best describes the type of retention seen with sealants: a. chemical b. mechanical c. chemo-mechanical d. none of the above

b. mechanical

Which of the following muscles may prevent access to the mandibular, buccal anterior teeth? a. risorius b. mentalis c. buccinator d. orbicularis oris e. depressor anguli oris

b. mentalis

Which of the following roots is the widest and strongest root of the mandibular first molar? a. distal b. mesial c. lingual d. mesiobuccal

b. mesial

In a data set, the median is the a. average b. midpoint c. least frequently occurring value d. most frequently occurring value

b. midpoint

Standard or universal tips are designed for: a. deplaquing shallow pockets b. moderate to heavy deposit removal c. finishing d. implants

b. moderate to heavy deposit removal

What is the term for the theory that a disease can be attributed to many factors? a. dimensional b. multifactorial c. naturalization d. cause-and-effect

b. multifactorial

Fosamax is often used as a medication to treat osteoporosis. What adverse oral side effect has been linked to Fosamax use? a. candidiasis b. necrosis of the mandible c. increased aphthous ulcer incidence d. widened periodontal ligament space

b. necrosis of the mandible

The predominate cell associated with acute inflammation is a. basophils b. neutrophils c. macrophages d. lymphocytes

b. neutrophils

What are the first responders to a foreign invader or infection? a. mast cells b. neutrophils c. macrophages d. natural killers

b. neutrophils

A small version of a proposed study that is used to test the design prior to the longterm study is called a a. case study b. pilot study c. pivotal study d. descriptive study

b. pilot study

After giving a patient toothbrushing instructions, the patient hygiene performance index (PHP) assesses the extend of what? a. gingival bleeding b. plaque and debris c. gingival inflammation d. clinical attachment loss

b. plaque and debris

Which of the following bacteria are tissue invading and thus associated with destruction of collagen and resorption of bone in periodontitis? a. actinomyces viscosus b. porphyromonas gingivalis c. treponema pallidum d. streptococcus sanguis

b. porphyromonas gingivalis

Bleeding on probing indicates: a. disease activity b. presence of inflammation c. presence of subgingival calculus d. presence of supragingival calculus

b. presence of inflammation

The main function of carbohydrates is to: a. regulate metabolism b. provide energy to the body c. maintain, repair, and build body tissues d. aid in maintaining body's temperature

b. provide energy to the body

The Occupational Health and Safety Administration requires all except: a. training upon employment b. providing protective equipment to patients c. annual, interactive training for chemical safety d. protective equipment be available for all emplovees e. annual, interactive training for bloodborne pathogens

b. providing protective equipment to patients

Each of the following is a goal of hard-tissue assessment EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? a. recognize and document signs of dental caries. b. recognize and document swollen lymph nodes. C. recognize and document acquired tooth damage. d. recognize and document developmental anomalies.

b. recognize and document swollen lymph nodes.

Examples of methods used for dental health prevention include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception? a. sealants b. restorations c. water fluoridation d. nutritional counseling

b. restorations

A deficiency of which of the following vitamins could result in angular cheilitis in an elderly patient? a. vitamin D b. riboflavin c. vitamin A d. vitamin K

b. riboflavin

A drug with anticholinergic side effects might exhibit all of the following EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? a. mydriasis b. salivation c. tachycardia d. constipation

b. salivation

Diazepam may be administered for treatment of which of the following emergencies? a. asthma b. seizures c. hypoglycemia d. hyperglycemia e. anaphylactic shock

b. seizures

What part of a prescription instructs the patient how to take the medication? a. ac b. sig C. q3h d. stat

b. sig

Not meeting the Standard of Care would violate which ethical principle/core value? a. autonomy b. societal trust c. confidentiality d. non-maleficence

b. societal trust

To reduce calculus formation, which one of the following components is added to dentifrice? a. potassium nitrate b. soluble pyrophosphate c. strontium chloride d. sodium citrate

b. soluble pyrophosphate

What does the milliamperage (mA) control with x-radiation? a. Contrast of image b. speed of electrons c. number of electrons d. oil within the tubehead

b. speed of electrons

Which cyst is filled with salivary gland tissue? a. dermoid b. static bone c. simple bone d. traumatic bone

b. static bone

Calcium hydroxide is known for which property? a. seals dentinal tubules b. stimulates reparative dentin c. has a sedative effect on pulp d. A and C

b. stimulates reparative dentin

Which one of the following is FALSE concerning Addison's disease? a. there may be bronzing of the skin. b. the patient may experience pathologic fracture. c. it is also known as primary adrenal cortical insufficiency. d. it may be caused by a malignant tumor that destroys the adrenal gland.

b. the patient may experience pathologic fracture.

A right-handed clinician is working on the buccal aspect of tooth #2. (For a left-handed clinician, this area would be equivalent to the buccal aspect of tooth #15.) The clinician is using a Gracey 13/14 curet and retracting the client's cheek with a mouth mirror. The clinician's neck is bent excessively as she works. What correction should the clinician make for more ergonomic positioning? a. ask the client to turn her head slightly away from the clinician b. turn the mirror head so that the reflecting surface can be used to view the distal surface c. ask the client to turn toward the clinician and lower her chin down toward her chest (chin-down position) d. raise the client's chair up to bring the working area level with the clinician's eye level

b. turn the mirror head so that the reflecting surface can be used to view the distal surface

What is the most common type of diabetes mellitus? a. type l b. type 2 c. gestational d. prediabetes

b. type 2

Which blood type can be given to all individuals? a. type O-positive b. type O-negative c. type AB-positive d. type AB-negative

b. type O-negative

Which is the correct order of learning? a. self-interest, unawareness, awareness, involvement, action, habit b. unawareness, awareness, self-interest, involvement, action, habit c. awareness, self-interest, unawareness, involvement, habit, action d. action, unawareness, awareness, self-interest, involvement, habit

b. unawareness, awareness, self-interest, involvement, action, habit

Which of the following is a recommendation for patients with medication-induced xerostomia? a. use lemon to stimulate saliva b. use high dose 2.0% sodium fluoride gel c. reduce medication use to decrease dry mouth d. increase intake of fluids, such as sports drinks and fruit juices.

b. use high dose 2.0% sodium fluoride gel

Which of the following is a dental hygiene care consideration for a hypertensive client? a. recording of prothrombin time b. vasopressors in local anesthetic agents c. short appointments to control environmental stress d. caution in manipulating oral tissues to avoid severity of bacteremia

b. vasopressors in local anesthetic agents

A high intake of which of the following vitamins interferes with synthesis of vitamin K, necessary for blood clotting? a. vitamin D b. vitamin E c. biotin d. folic acid

b. vitamin E

All of the following are clinical characteristics of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis EXCEPT: a. foul odor b. xerostomia c. metallic taste d. painful gingiva

b. xerostomia

Nutritive sweeteners are used by the body as an energy source. Which of the following is an example of a nutritive sweetener? a. aspartame b. xylitol c. saccharin d. sucralose

b. xylitol

All of the following are symptoms of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis EXCEPT: a. odor b. pain and bleeding c. hyperkeratinization d. punched out papillae

c hyperkeratinization

All of the following are assessment instruments except: a. 11/12 explorer b. periodontal probe c. 1/2 Gracey d. mouth mirror

c. 1/2 Gracey

What is the recommended fiber intake for adults? a. 50 g per day b. 35-40 g per day c. 20-30 g per day d. 15 g per day

c. 20-30 g per day

Which teeth are known as the ramfjord teeth? a. 2,6,12,19,25, and 31 b. 2,8,13,18,26 and 29 c. 3,9,12,19,25 and 28 d. 3,10,13,19,17, and 30

c. 3,9,12,19,25 and 28

How many posterior teeth are succedaneous? a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10

c. 8

Individuals with stable angina pectoris, COPD, and/or mild congestive heart failure are in which ASA physical status classification category? a. ASA I b. ASA II c. ASA III d. ASA IV

c. ASA III

Which of the following vitamins promotes the synthesis of collagen? a. D b. A c. C d. K

c. C

Which of the following dietary habits is MOST likely to contribute to caries risk? a. Form of simple sugar consumed b. Timing of ingestion of simple sugars c. Frequency of simple sugar consumption d. Total intake of simple sugars

c. Frequency of simple sugar consumption

What type of immunoglobin is involved with a Type I hypersensitivity reaction? a. IgA b. IgD c. IgE d. IgG e. IgM

c. IgE

Which is the first antibody to be produced after birth? a. IgG b. IgA c. IgM d. IgE

c. IgM

Which cyst does NOT have alveolar bone involvement? a. Residual b. Radicular c. Nasiolabial d. Nasopalatine duct

c. Nasiolabial

Which entity mandates initial fit testing for N-95 masks? a. CDC b. WHO c. OSHA d. all of the above

c. OSHA

During what phase of bacterial growth are the number of new cells equal to the number of dying cells? a. Lag b. Death c. Stationary d. Exponential

c. Stationary

Which fluoride is contraindicated for use on composite and porcelain restorations? a. sodium fluoride b. hydrogen fluoride c. acidulated phosphate fluoride d. stannous fluoride

c. acidulated phosphate fluoride

The type of immunity received after the full series of immunizations against hepatitis B is called: a. natural passive immunity b. natural active immunity c. acquired/artificial active immunity d. acquired/artificial passive immunity

c. acquired/artificial active immunity

Which type of bacteria is most often implicated in root caries? a. prevotella b. lactobacillus c. actinomyces d. streptococcus

c. actinomyces

To accelerate the setting time of gypsum material you should: a. add borax b. add cold water c. add potassium sulfate d. A and B e. B and C

c. add potassium sulfate

Which condition is associated with diffuse pigmentation of the skin and mucosa caused by insufficient adrenal cortical steroid production? a. myxedema b. diabetes Mellitus c. addison's Disease d. cushing's Syndrome

c. addison's Disease

Which of the following is described as a multilocular radiolucency (honey-combed) usually found in the posterior region of the mandible? a. cementoma b. radicular cyst c. ameloblastoma d. condensing osteitis

c. ameloblastoma

Who devised the first practical classification of occlusion? a. black b. bolton c. angle d. wilhelm

c. angle

Which vitamin is not a component of vitamin B complex? a. thiamin b. folic acid c. ascorbic acid d. pantothenic acid

c. ascorbic acid

The right to informed consent is considered under which ethical principle? a. justice b. veracity c. autonomy d. societal trust

c. autonomy

Which toothbrushing method should be recommended for a client with plaque biofilm control problems around the cervical areas of the teeth? a. stillman's method b. charter method c. bass method d. leonard method

c. bass method

Which of the following is the most common site for a supernumerary tooth? a. distal to the maxillary third molar b. distal to the mandibular third molar c. between the maxillary central incisors d. between the mandibular central incisors

c. between the maxillary central incisors

Which of the following cells would be the most sensitive to x-rays? a. bone b. nerve c. blood d. muscle

c. blood

Which one of the following characteristics would be LEAST desirable in a toothbrush? a. head size that corresponds to mouth size b. handle that is easy to grip c. bristles that are natural d. bristles that are rounded nylon filaments

c. bristles that are natural

Which vitamin is MOST likely to be deficient in a vegan diet? a. thiamin b. riboflavin c. cobalamin d. vitamin B2

c. cobalamin

Which of the following refers to a relationship or association between variables that can be measured mathematically? a. trend b. causality c. correlation d. probability

c. correlation

What is the principle etiologic agent of periodontitis? a. subgingival calculus b. neutrophil deficiency c. dental plaque biofilm d. antigen-antibody reactions

c. dental plaque biofilm

The cornerstone for reaching the long-term goal of nonsurgical periodontal therapy is: a. ultrasonic scaling b. calculus removal c. effective plaque biofilm control d. universal infection control precautions

c. effective plaque biofilm control

When the kilovoltage is increased a. photons move from the cathode to the anode with more speed b. photons move from the anode to the cathode with more speed c. electrons move from the cathode to the anode with more speed d. electrons move from the anode to the cathode with more speed

c. electrons move from the cathode to the anode with more speed

Which of the following structures of the tooth appears the most radiopaque? a. pulp b. dentin c. enamel d. cementum

c. enamel

Bulimia is an eating disorder that involves: a. weight loss 40% to 60% below desirable body weight b. mostly male political candidates c. episodes of binge eating followed by purging d. decreased heart rate response to a decreased metabolism

c. episodes of binge eating followed by purging

During which stage are the goals/objectives measured? a. planning b. diagnosis c. evaluation d. assessment e. implementation

c. evaluation

When you return to the nursing home in two months and perform another PHP on the residents, you discover that the mean PHP score has decreased. This is what stage of your program? a. planning b. diagnosis c. evaluation d. assessment

c. evaluation

Tobacco stain that has penetrated into the tooth structures is considered a. exogenous b. endogenous c. exogenous intrinsic d. endogenous intrinsic

c. exogenous intrinsic

Oral candidiasis is the most common oral manifestation associated with patients that are HIV positive. HIV positive patients should be instructed to rinse with hydrogen peroxide daily to prevent candida infections. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. first statement is true, the second is false d. first statement is false, the second is true

c. first statement is true, the second is false

According to the inverse square law, if the length of the PID is halved, the resultant beam as intense. a. half b. twice c. four times d. one quarter

c. four times

What is the most common type of cell damage in humans that is produced by radiation? a. wavelength b. latent period c. free radical formation d. non-ionizing radiation

c. free radical formation

Which property may result in a metallic taste? a. tarnish b. corrosion c. galvanism d. thermal conductivity e. none of the above

c. galvanism

Which characteristics are associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis? a. gram-negative bacillus, aciduric, stains blue b. gram-positive rod, aerobe, produces collagenase c. gram-negative rod, obligate anaerobe, surface fimbrae d. gram-negative cocci, aerotolerant anaerobe, stains red

c. gram-negative rod, obligate anaerobe, surface fimbrae

Which of the following oral conditions are contagious? a. acute pericoronitis b. stage Il periodontitis c. herpetic gingivostomatitis d. necrotizing periodontal disease

c. herpetic gingivostomatitis

Allergies to pollen is an example of: a. IgA stimulation b. mast cell inactivity c. humoral immunity d. primarily dependent on T cells

c. humoral immunity

Hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and abnormal bone metabolism are characteristic of which of the following conditions? a. hypothyroidism b. hyperpituitarism c. hyperparathyroidism d. hyperparasitism

c. hyperparathyroidism

Exophthalmos may be a symptom of which condition? a. cretinism b. hypothyroidism c. hyperthyroidism d. marfran Syndrome

c. hyperthyroidism

The shape of most viruses is: a. rod-like b. spherical c. icosahedral d. pleomorphic

c. icosahedral

The addition of vasoconstrictor to local anesthetic has all of the following purposes EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? a. reduces systemic toxicity b. limits systemic absorption c. increases systemic toxicity d. increases duration of anesthesia e. reduces blood supply to the area

c. increases systemic toxicity

Which of the following is correct concerning the condition hypokalemia? a. restriction of the consumption of aspartame b. ineffective metabolism of phenylalanine to threonine c. lack of potassium d. lack of calcium

c. lack of potassium

Which branch of government is responsible for making laws? a. judicial b. executive c. legislative d. all of the above

c. legislative

Tooth position, overhanging margins of restorations, and root morphology are all important because they are classified as: a. etiological factors for periodontal disease b. systemic risk factors for periodontal disease c. local risk factors for periodontal disease d. primary risk factors for periodontal disease

c. local risk factors for periodontal disease

Which type of research studies the same population over an extended period of time? a. pilot study b. historical study c. longitudinal study d. experimental study e. retrospective study

c. longitudinal study

Nutritional deficiencies are considered risk factors for periodontal disease because they: a. contribute to accumulation of dental biofilm b. promote bone loss c. lower the host response d. are associated with lower socioeconomic groups

c. lower the host response

Which of the following provides blood supply to the mandible? a. facial artery b. lingual artery c. maxillary artery d. mandibular artery e. superior thyroid artery

c. maxillary artery

All conditions are associated with lingual varicosities except one. Which is the exception? a. red to purple enlarged vessels b. age-related condition c. may swell during eating d. may be associated with varicosities in the legs

c. may swell during eating

Water is essential for all life forms. It helps humans with all of the following EXCEPT: a. regulation of body temperature b. waste elimination c. muscle contraction d. cellular respiration

c. muscle contraction

Which muscle makes up the floor of the mouth? a. digastric b. stylohyoid c. mylohyoid d. geniohyoid e. sternohyoid

c. mylohyoid

Which consequence may be likely if a client suffering with angina were to delay a sublingual dose of nitroglycerin? a. angina attack b. atrial fibrillation c. myocardial Infraction d. hypertensive reaction

c. myocardial Infraction

Which type of periodontal disease is characterized by gray, sloughing tissue, pain, and spontaneous bleeding? a. pericoronitis b. pregnancy-related gingivitis c. necrotizing periodontal disease d. gingival abscess

c. necrotizing periodontal disease

After bacterial virulence is established and the periodontal lesion is initiated, which is the first inflammatory cell to respond? a. B lymphocytes b. plasma cells c. neutrophils d. macrophages

c. neutrophils

Tryptophan is a precursor for which of the following vitamins? a. vitamin C b. vitamin D c. niacin d. thiamin

c. niacin

Which one of the following is NOT a cause of iron deficiency anemia? a. chronic blood loss b. a deficiency of iron intake c. normal bone marrow function d. an increased requirement for iron

c. normal bone marrow function

A facultative anaerobe grows in the presence of a. oxygen b. no oxygen c. oxygen or no oxygen d. low concentrations of oxygen

c. oxygen or no oxygen

Radiographic features, including cotton-wool radiopacities and hypercementosis, are especially helpful in the diagnosis of a. anemia b. diabetes c. paget disease d. dentinogenesis imperfecta

c. paget disease

A deficiency of vitamin B12 causes: a. scurvy b. pellagra c. pernicious anemia d. megaloblastic anemia

c. pernicious anemia

Achlorhydria, failure to absorb vitamin B12, and megaloblastic anemia are characteristic features of which of the following? a. thalassemia b. sickle cell anemia c. pernicious anemia d. thombocytopenic purpura

c. pernicious anemia

Aspartame should not be used by individuals with: a. diabetes b. marasmus c. phenylketonuria d. high blood pressure

c. phenylketonuria

Examples of negligence include all but which of the following: a. not meeting the Standard of Care b. incorrect medical or dental history taking c. placing sealants on a minor without consent d. failure to diagnose, refer, or treat periodontal disease e. all of the above are considered forms of negligence

c. placing sealants on a minor without consent

All of the following drugs are used to treat tuberculosis EXCEPT one. Which medication is the EXCEPTION? a. rifampin b. isoniazid c. prednisone d. ethambutol

c. prednisone

Which of the following organisms are implicated in pregnancy gingivitis? a. lactobacillus b. actinomyces viscosus c. prevotella intermedia d. porphyromonas gingivalis

c. prevotella intermedia

Regulatory entities who impact the practice of dental hygiene include all but which of the following: a. local laws and codes b. state licensing boards c. professional associations d. state public health and safety codes e. occupational Safety and Health Administration

c. professional associations

Which describes scatter radiation? a. radiation that exits the tubehead b. radiation that is more penetrating than primary radiation c. radiation that has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter d. none of the above

c. radiation that has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter

Clients at highest risk for adverse outcomes from infective endocarditis include all of the following cardiac conditions except one. Which one is the exception? a. heart transplant b. artificial heart valves c. recent myocardial infarction d. previous history of endocarditis

c. recent myocardial infarction

Which of the following are considered 'law' and enforceable for violations of? a. policy b. guidelines c. regulations d. all of the above e. none of the above

c. regulations

In the emergency treatment of angina pectoris, the mechanism of action of nitroglycerin is: a. relaxation of cardiac muscle b. blocking beta adrenergic receptors c. relaxation of vascular smooth muscle d. reflex decrease in heart rate and contractility

c. relaxation of vascular smooth muscle.

An example of tertiary prevention is: a. sealants b. fluoride c. restorations d. sport mouth guard

c. restorations

Mucosal pallor, delayed tooth eruption, and atrophy of tongue papillae ("smooth tongue") are all oral manifestations of which condition? a. hepatitis b. crohn's Disease c. sickle Cell Anemia d. chronic Renal Failure

c. sickle Cell Anemia

Which of the following professional fluoride agents is known for both its efficacy in caries prevention and control of dentinal hypersensitivity because of its high concentration of fluoride? a. acidulated phosphate fluoride gel b. stannous fluoride c. sodium fluoride varnish d. neutral sodium fluoride foam

c. sodium fluoride varnish

The set of infection prevention and control precautions that apply to all body fluids, excretions, and secretions with the exception of sweat and tears is called: a. global precautions b. healthcare precautions c. standard precautions d. safety precautions

c. standard precautions

All of the following are considered antiplaque agents except which? a. tricolsan b. essential oils c. strontium chloride d. cetylpyridinium Chloride e. all of above

c. strontium chloride

Which of the following muscles retract the tongue? a. transverse b. hyoglossus c. styloglossus d. genioglossus e. superior longitudinal

c. styloglossus

The lymphatics draining the mandibular incisors usually directly into which of the following nodes? a. facial b. parotid c. submental d. deep cervical e. submandibular

c. submental

What type of evaluation is conducted after the implementation of a program? a. clinical evaluation b. formative evaluation c. summative evaluation d. performance evaluation

c. summative evaluation

Major branches of the maxillary artery include all by which of the following? a. infraorbital b. inferior alveolar c. superior thyroid d. greater palatine e. posterior superior alveolar

c. superior thyroid

Epinephrine should be avoided or used with caution in patients who are taking all of the following medications EXCEPT: a. chantix b. lanoxin c. synthroid d. beta-blocker

c. synthroid

What type of sampling technique selects every "nth" subject to participate in the study? a. random b. stratified c. systematic d. judgmental e. convenience

c. systematic

Confidentiality is both an ethical principle/core value as well as an aspect of civil unintentional tort. a. both parts of the statement are true b. both parts of the statements are false c. the first part of the statement is true, the second false d. the first part of the statement is false, the second true

c. the first part of the statement is true, the second false

According to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), in public facilities, both architectural and communication barriers must be removed. A dentist who leases an office is NOT responsible for ensuring that the office is accessible to people with disabilities. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. the first statement is true, and the second statement is false d. the first statement is false, and the second statement is true

c. the first statement is true, and the second statement is false

Hypomobility, due to a loss of elasticity of the masticatory muscles or TMJ ligaments, is known as trismus. Trismus results in dislocation of both joints. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. the first statement is true, the second false d. the first statement is false, the second true

c. the first statement is true, the second false

The gingival index (GI) is a reversible index. It assesses the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. the first statement is true, the second false d. the first statement is false, the second true

c. the first statement is true, the second false

The internal evaluation of a program is referred to as the formative evaluation. It is conducted after the implementation of the program. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. the first statement is true, the second false d. the first statement is false, the second true

c. the first statement is true, the second false

The submandibular gland, which lies superior to the digastric muscles, and divided into superficial and deep lobes, are separated by the mylohyoid muscle. It produces serous type secretion only from the Stensen's duct. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. the first statement is true, the second false d. the first statement is false, the second true

c. the first statement is true, the second false

Dental local anesthetic with vasoconstricting agents must be limited to the cardiac dose for patients taking tricyclic antidepressants. These drugs when administered together have a risk of producing severe hypotension. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. the first statement is true, the second is false d. the first statement is false, the second is true

c. the first statement is true, the second is false

The therapeutic index of benzodiazepines is wider than that of the barbiturates. This property makes benzodiazepines more of a risk for toxicity than barbiturates. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. the first statement is true, the second is false d. the first statement is false, the second is true

c. the first statement is true, the second is false

The goal of periodontal instrumentation is to return the periodontium to a state of health. Periodontal health is achieved through surgical therapy techniques. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. the first statement is true, the second statement is false d. the first statement is false, the second statement is true

c. the first statement is true, the second statement is false

The primary goal for nutritional counseling in the dental setting is to identify nutrition concerns that may contribute to systemic or oral disease risk. If a patient is interested in modifying weight, he or she should work with the dental hygienist to prepare a reduced-calorie eating plan. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. the first statement is true, the second statement is false d. the first statement is false, the second statement is true

c. the first statement is true, the second statement is false.

In characterizing Gram + organisms, which of the following characterizes the cell wall structure of these bacteria? a. thin, 3-layer cell wall structure that stains red on examination b. thick, 2-layer cell wall structure that stains red on examination c. thick, 2-layer cell wall structure that stains blue / purple on examination d. thick, 3-layer cell wall structure that stains blue / purple on examination

c. thick, 2-layer cell wall structure that stains blue / purple on examination

In characterizing Gram + organisms, which of the following characterizes the cell wall structure of these bacteria? a. thin, 3-layer cell wall structure that stains red on examination b. thick 2 layer cell wall structure that stains red on examination c. thick, 2-layer cell wall structure that stains blue on examination d. thick. 3-layer cell wall structure that stains blue on examination

c. thick, 2-layer cell wall structure that stains blue on examination

T lymphocytes mature in which of the following? a. bone b. thyroid gland c. thymus gland d. pituitary gland e. parathyroid gland

c. thymus gland

The main purpose for etching in preparing a tooth surface for a sealant is: a. increasing wettability of the enamel b. improving retention by cleaning the area to be sealed c. to form 'tags' or microscopic pores to retain material d. all of the above

c. to form 'tags' or microscopic pores to retain material

What type of examination uses a mouth mirror, explorer, and adequate illumination but no radiographs? a. type 1 b. type 2 c. type 3 d. type 4

c. type 3

A practice that accepts the insurance portion of a co-pay plan as 'payment in full' without notifying the insurance company is in violation of which ethical principles? a. justice b. fidelity c. veracity d. beneficence e. non-maleficence

c. veracity

Rickets is a deficiency syndrome that can be associated with inadequate intake of all of the following nutrients EXCEPT? a. vitamin D b. calcium c. vitamin C d. phosphorus

c. vitamin C

The clinical signs and symptoms of occlusal trauma include radiographic evidence of a: a. narrowed periodontal ligament space and clinical evidence of tooth mobility b. narrowed periodontal ligament space and clinical evidence of tooth extrusion c. widened periodontal ligament space and clinical evidence of tooth mobility d. widened periodontal ligament space and clinical evidence of tooth extrusion

c. widened periodontal ligament space and clinical evidence of tooth mobility

What is the G.V. Black classification of dental caries and restoration located on the gingival buccal third of tooth #18? a. Class II b. Class III c. Class IV d. Class V

d. Class V

Which of the following Federal Agencies regulates disinfectants used on clinical contact surfaces? a. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration b. The Food and Drug Administration c. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention d. The Environmental Protection Agency

d. The Environmental Protection Agency

Which nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression? a. V b. IX c. XI d. VII

d. VII

A clinician decides to use a hand instrument to remove a tenacious, moderate calculus deposit on the facial surface of tooth #31. The calculus deposit is located supragingivally on the crown of the tooth. Which of the following instruments would you choose? a. universal curet with a short lower shank length b. standard Gracey 13/14 curet c. rigid Gracey curet d. a posterior sickle scaler

d. a posterior sickle scaler

All of the following medications affect bleeding times EXCEPT one. Which drug is the EXCEPTION? a. aspirin b. ibuprofen c. coumadin d. acetaminophen

d. acetaminophen

Your patient presents with peptic ulcer disease and is taking coumadin for stroke prevention. Which of the following analgesic agents should you recommend following invasive procedures? a. aspirin b. ibuprofen c. naproxen d. acetaminophen

d. acetaminophen

Appointment guidelines for clients with coronary heart disease suggest that dental hygiene care be: a. postponed until the individual's status is six months or more post-infarction b. conducted in short morning appointments to help control environmental stress c. designed to address the client's needs regarding lifestyle changes and periodontal disease status d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Clients with sustained elevated blood pressure are at risk for: a. kidney failure b. myocardial infarction c. cerebrovascular accident d. all of the above

d. all of the above

T lymphocytes: a. mature in the thymus b. stimulate B lymphocytes c. are derived from bone marrow d. all of the above

d. all of the above

All of the following conditions are considered benign and of unknown cause EXCEPT: a. hairy tongue b. fissured tongue c. migratory glossitis d. amelogenesis imperfecta

d. amelogenesis imperfecta

What is the IRB primarily responsible for? a. practically applying research b. regulating administrative procedures c. improving the operation of a program d. approving research on human subjects

d. approving research on human subjects

Necrotizing periodontal diseases: a. contain gram-positive rods b. are asymptomatic for the patient c. have a microflora similar to gingivitis d. are often associated with spirochetal organisms

d. are often associated with spirochetal organisms

Geographic tongue is also known as: a. fissured tongue b. black hairy tongue c. median rhomboid glossitis d. benign migratory glossitis

d. benign migratory glossitis

How does a group achieve unified examiners for a research study? a. validity b. pretesting c. reliability d. calibration

d. calibration

All of the following are advantages of controlled drug delivery (sustained release drug delivery) over systemic drug administration in periodontal therapy EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception? a. less concern about client adherence throughout indicated time frame b. site-specific antimicrobial action in periodontal pocket c. high concentration delivered to the site of infection d. can be used when periodontal infection is generalized or severe

d. can be used when periodontal infection is generalized or severe

A patient reports using fluticasone (Flovent) to control asthma symptoms. Upon examination, you notice white patches on the soft palate tissues. What is the likely cause for this condition? a. stomatitis b. linea alba c. SLS allergy d. candidiasis

d. candidiasis

A positive Mantoux skin test is an example of: a. allergic dermatitis b. tuberculosis diagnoses c. antibody-mediated reaction d. cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction

d. cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction

Which of the following is characterized by myocardial dysfunction, diminished cardiac output, or abnormal circulatory congestion? a. atherosclerosis b. coronary heart disease c. patent ductus arteriosus d. congestive heart failure

d. congestive heart failure

Which of the following is the EXCEPTION with respect to slander? a. a verbal defamation b. a violation of autonomy c. violates non-maleficence d. considered unintentional tort e. injures an individual's reputation

d. considered unintentional tort

A 58-year-old male requires extensive periodontal treatment. He has been on anticoagulant drug therapy and is taking warfarin (Coumadin). In order to avoid post-treatment hemorrhage, the dental hygienist should first: a. prescribe vitamin K b. ask him to discontinue taking the drug c. ask for a determination of his prothrombin time d. consult his physician about discontinuing medication

d. consult his physician about discontinuing medication

The mineral content of subgingival calculus is derived from: a. saliva b. food particles c. salivary ducts d. crevicular fluid

d. crevicular fluid

Hyperthyroidism in children can lead to: a. ankylosis b. partial anodontia c. amelogenesis Imperfecta d. early exfoliation of the deciduous dentition and early eruption of permanent teeth

d. early exfoliation of the deciduous dentition and early eruption of permanent teeth

All of the following are RNA viruses EXCEPT one. Which virus is the EXCEPTION? a. HIV b. mumps c. pepatitis A d. epstein-Barr

d. epstein-Barr

In plaque biofilm, what makes up the bulk of the deposit? a. bacteria b. cytokines c. acquired pellicle d. exopolysaccharides

d. exopolysaccharides

Which study tries to investigate cause-and-effect relationships and involves manipulation of variables? a. trend b. survey c. correlational d. experimental

d. experimental

A positive skin reaction to PPD indicates: a. active tuberculosis b. need for antibiotics c. contagious tuberculosis d. exposure to the tuberculosis bacteria

d. exposure to the tuberculosis bacteria

Rubber cup or air polishing will remove which? a. fluorosis b. white spots c. intrinsic stain d. extrinsic stain e. tetracycline stain

d. extrinsic stain

You can palpate mobility of your patient's maxillary central incisors when he taps his teeth together. This mobility is called: a. crepitus b. fenestration C. dehiscence d. fremitus

d. fremitus

The BEST source of vitamin C is found in which of the following food groups? a. meat b. grain c. dairy d. fruits and vegetables

d. fruits and vegetables

A medical history of a patient prescribed a calcium channel blocker may reveal which condition? a. cementoma b. paget disease c. ulcerative colitis d. gingival enlargement

d. gingival enlargement

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver as: a. glucose b. glucagon c. glycoprotein d. glycogen

d. glycogen

Which of the following materials has the highest thermal conductivity? a. dentin b. enamel c. ceramics d. gold alloy e. composites

d. gold alloy

Which type of hepatitis is a dental hygienist LEAST likely to get? a. hepatitis A b. hepatitis B c. hepatitis C d. hepatitis E

d. hepatitis E

Which of the following viruses has been linked to a heightened risk of oropharyngeal cancer? a. coxsackie virus b. cytomegalovirus c. varicella-zoster virus d. human papilloma virus

d. human papilloma virus

Epulis fissuratum is caused by: a. denture cleaner b. allergic reaction c. denture suction chamber d. ill-fitting denture

d. ill-fitting denture

During which stage does the program begin operation? a. planning b. evaluation c. assessment d. implementation e. dental hygiene diagnosis

d. implementation

Two presenters of a program are viewing a recording of their presentation. They are evaluating the a. plan b. diagnosis c. assessment d. implementation

d. implementation

What is the cause of overlapped contacts on a dental image? a. an underexposed film b. a dropped receptor corner c. incorrect vertical angulation d. incorrect horizontal angulation

d. incorrect horizontal angulation

The complement system aids in the immune response by: a. creating antibodies b. increasing vasodilation c. decreasing inflammation d. increasing lysis and opsonization

d. increasing lysis and opsonization

In an experimental study, which is manipulated in order to study the cause and effect relationship? a. control variable b. constant variable c. dependent variable d. independent variable

d. independent variable

The most extensive use of corticosteroids in both medicine and dentistry is in a. osteoporosis b. cancer chemotherapy c. to prevent organ transplant rejection d. inflammatory and allergic conditions e. replacement therapy for corticosteroid deficiency

d. inflammatory and allergic conditions

Which of the following nutrients is NOT associated with proper structure and calcification of hard tissues? a. calcium b. phosphorus c. magnesium d. iodine

d. iodine

What role does vitamin C have in tooth formation? a. is involved in the formation of the matrix of dentin and enamel b. is important to the normal growth of dentin and enamel c. controls calcification of dentin and enamel d. is involved in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis

d. is involved in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis

Which muscle shifts the mandible to the side of the face? a. masseter b. temporalis c. medial pterygoid d. lateral pterygoid e. sternocleidomastoid

d. lateral pterygoid

Piezoelectric tips have a (an) ___________ movement whereas magnetostrictive inserts have a (an) ______________ movement. a. oblique; lateral b. lateral; oblique c. elliptical; linear d. linear; elliptical

d. linear; elliptical

In the event of a pandemic, which entity are dental professionals required to practice under? a. CDC b. OSHA c. professional associations d. local government mandates e. state government mandates

d. local government mandates

At what stage of bacterial growth are organisms MOST susceptible to antimicrobial action? a. lag phase b. death phase c. stationary phase d. logarithmic phase

d. logarithmic phase

Antigens possess all of the following properties EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. have epitopes b. mostly proteins c. foreign / non-self d. low molecular weight

d. low molecular weight

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is arranged in what order? a. numerical order b. alphabetical order c. multidimensional fields d. lower to higher level needs

d. lower to higher level needs

All of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception? a. sweating b. shakiness c. palpitations d. lowered heart rate

d. lowered heart rate

The best method to use when polishing teeth via rubber cup is: a. the least abrasive agent with firm, constant pressure b. light intermittent pressure with coarse prophy paste c. highest speed, moderate pressure and appropriate prophy paste d. lowest speed, least abrasive agent with light, intermittent pressure e. lowest speed, coarse prophy paste and moderate, constant pressure

d. lowest speed, least abrasive agent with light, intermittent pressure

Persons with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) usually have several oral manifestations that dental professionals need to be aware of. All of the following may be observed in clients with IDs EXCEPT? a. TMD h. bruxism c. microdontia d. macrodontia

d. macrodontia

Pharmacokinetics refers to what happens to a drug from entrance into the body until the exit of all traces of the medicament. All of the following are processes involved with pharmacokinetics of medications EXCEPT one. Which process is the EXCEPTION? a. excretion b. absorption c. distribution d. mechanism of action

d. mechanism of action

#3 on the diagram below is which anatomic landmark? a. palatal rugae b. incisive papilla c. palatal tori/torus d. medial palatine raphe

d. medial palatine raphe

Candida albicans is associated with which condition? a. linea alba b. leukoedema c. retrocuspid papillae d. median rhomboid glossitis

d. median rhomboid glossitis

If a patient has alcohol problems, what drug (s) should be avoided? a. fluoride b. ibuprofen c. penicillin d. metronidazole

d. metronidazole

Which of the following findings would indicate a failed dental implant? a. peri-implant inflammation b. bleeding on provocation c. alveolar bone loss d. mobility

d. mobility

Which of the following structures demarcates the attached gingiva from the alveolar mucosa? a. junctional epithelium b. gingival margin c. gingival groove d. mucogingival junction

d. mucogingival junction

Which of the following oral complications is not typically associated with diabetes mellitus? a. candidiasis b. xerostomia c. excessive periodontal bone loss d. multiocular radiolucencies with pathologic fractures

d. multiocular radiolucencies with pathologic fractures

Which of the following microorganisms is associated with tuberculosis? a. treponema pallidum b. actinomycosis israeli c. mycobacterium israelii d. mycobacterium tuberculosis

d. mycobacterium tuberculosis

Which of the following are the divisions of CN V? a. buccal, maxillary, mandibular b. maxillary, mandibular, lingual c. occipital, maxillary, mandibular d. ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular e. none of the above

d. ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

Nystatin is used for the treatment of what condition? a. herpes b. linea alba c. lichen planus d. oral candidiasis

d. oral candidiasis

A reversible inflammatory reaction in the soft tissues surrounding a functioning implant is termed: a. failing implant b. peri-implantitis c. peri-implant health d. peri-implant mucositis

d. peri-implant mucositis

Which condition should be suspected when a radiolucent area occurs at the apex of the root of a tooth on a radiograph? a. periodontal abscess b. pyogenic granuloma c. occlusal trauma d. periapical abscess

d. periapical abscess

According to the basic rules of paralleling, the central ray should be directed to the receptor and the long axis of the tooth. a. parallel b. adjacent c. horizontal d. perpendicular

d. perpendicular

To determine the vertical angulation when using the bisecting technique, the central rays of the x-ray beam should be directed: a. parallel to the image receptor b. parallel to the imaginary bisector c. perpendicular to the image receptor d. perpendicular to the imaginary bisector

d. perpendicular to the imaginary bisector

Which of the following is true regarding sealant placement success? a. caries must be present b. incipient caries will cause the sealant to fail c. sealants are considered a secondary preventive strategy d. placement technique is the main cause of retention issues e. all of the above are TRUE

d. placement technique is the main cause of retention issues

What phase of the dental hygiene process of care immediately follows diagnosis? a. assessment b. evaluation c. implementation d. planning

d. planning

Which one of the following terms refers to excessive thirst, a common symptom of diabetes? a. polyuria b. polyol c. polyphagia d. polydipsia

d. polydipsia

Which of the following materials may abrade opposing teeth while in occlusion: a. gold b. amalgam c. composite d. porcelain e. all of the above

d. porcelain

All of the following conditions can be determined by radiographic examination EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. extent and severity of bone loss b. height or crestal bone c. widening of the periodontal ligament space d. presence of periodontal pockets e. presence of calculus

d. presence of periodontal pockets

The number of all existing cases of a disease in a population measured at a given point is referred to as which of the following? a. incidence b. mortality c. morbidity d. prevalence

d. prevalence

Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for all of the following conditions EXCEPT: a. cardiac transplant b. heart valve prosthesis c. chronic Renal Failure d. previous Coronary artery bypass

d. previous Coronary artery bypass

Which of the following arteries carries deoxygenated blood? a. facial b. lingual c. maxillary d. pulmonary e. superior thyroid

d. pulmonary

Episodic vasoconstriction of digits due to cold temperatures is a symptom of which of the following conditions? a. reye's syndrome b. marfan syndrome c. epidermolysis Bullosa d. raynaud's phenomenon

d. raynaud's phenomenon

Nitroglycerin works by: a. relieving neural pain b. decreasing blood pressure c. increasing vasoconstriction d. relaxing arterial smooth muscle

d. relaxing arterial smooth muscle

The first line of treatment for intermittent asthma is a a. corticosteroid b. mast cell degranulation inhibitor c. long-acting D2-adrenergic agonist d. short-acting O2-adrenergic agonist

d. short-acting O2-adrenergic agonist

Which condition is a severe asthmatic attack that will not respond to treatment? a. dyspnea b. intrinsic asthma c. extrinsic asthma d. status asthmaticus

d. status asthmaticus

The health status of the gingiva should be described with all of the universal descriptive categories listed below EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception? a. color b. contour c. consistency d. stimuli e. texture

d. stimuli

Which microorganism can be encapsulated with a polysaccharide layer? a. actinomyces israelii b. neisseria meningitidis c. staphylococcus aureus d. streptococcus pneumoniae

d. streptococcus pneumoniae

Which of the following organisms is causative for pharyngitis ('strep throat) and scarlet fever? a. streptococcus mitis b. streptococcus sobrinus c. streptococcus salivarius d. streptococcus pyogenes

d. streptococcus pyogenes

Which bacteria is an early colonizer that is associated with the tongue? a. streptococcus mitis b. streptococcus sobrinus c. streptococcus salivarius d. streptococcus sanguinis

d. streptococcus sanguinis

Which of the following is not a primary bacterium associated with biofilm formation? a. streptococcus mutans b. streptococcus sanguinis c. actinomyces viscosus d. streptococcus viscosus

d. streptococcus viscosus

Which route of drug administration is used to administer insulin? a. oral route b. intravenous route c. intramuscular route d. subcutaneous route

d. subcutaneous route

The arrow is pointing to what? a. lingual frenum b. Wharton's duct c. plica sublingualis d. sublingual caruncle

d. sublingual caruncle

An infection in a maxillary molar region would be drained by which lymph node? a. occipital b. facial c. submental d. submandibular

d. submandibular

What is a primary drawback to using an irreversible hydrocolloid impression material? a. highly viscous b. flexibility of setting time c. sets via physical reaction d. susceptible to syneresis and imbibition e. all of the above

d. susceptible to syneresis and imbibition

The anterior teeth will appear "skinny" if the a. chin is tipped up b. chin is tipped down c. teeth are positioned too far back on the bite-block d. teeth are positioned too far forward on the bite-block

d. teeth are positioned too far forward on the bite-block

What is the primary difference between regulated and non-regulated waste? a. the amount of time the item is in direct patient contact b. the designation of an item as disposable c. the procedure for which the item was used d. the amount of liquid blood or other potentially infectious body fluid present

d. the amount of liquid blood or other potentially infectious body fluid present

Posting a negative comment on social media regarding a patient is considered slander as well as a violation of autonomy. a. both parts of the statement are true b. both parts of the statement are false c. the first part of the statement is true, the second part is false d. the first part of the statement is false, the second part is true

d. the first part of the statement is false, the second part is true

Informed consent is considered an implied contract because it is written agreement. a. both parts of the statement are true b. both parts of the statements are false c. the first part of the statement is true, the second false d. the first part of the statement is false, the second true

d. the first part of the statement is false, the second true

A risk factor is a non-modifiable attribute that is associated with the increased probability of disease. A risk factor has been identified with longitudinal studies. a. both statements are true b. both statements are false c. the first statement is true, the second false d. the first statement is false, the second true

d. the first statement is false, the second true

What is used as a measurement of heat transfer? a. tarnish b. hardness c. corrosion d. thermal conductivity e. coefficient of thermal expansion

d. thermal conductivity

Thermionic emission of electrons occurs at the a. copper stem b. molybdenum cup c. tungsten filament in the anode d. tungsten filament in the cathode

d. tungsten filament in the cathode

The breakdown of maltose results in: a. galactose b. fructose c. sucrose d. two glucose molecules

d. two glucose molecules

Polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia are all characteristic of which of the following? a. hyperthyroidism b. addison's Disease c. hyperparathyroidism d. type 1 diabetes mellitus

d. type 1 diabetes mellitus

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with what condition? a. thrush b. herpangina c. tuberculosis d. verruca vulgaris

d. verruca vulgaris

A dental image that has high contrast is said to have a. many shades of gray b. a very dark overall appearance c. a very light overall appearance d. very dark areas and very light areas

d. very dark areas and very light areas

Which of the following takes into consideration the individual's character vs. their behavior? a. ethics b. values c. morals d. virtue ethics

d. virtue ethics

A deficiency in which of the following vitamins causes beri beri? a. vitamin A b. vitamin C c. vitamin E d. vitamin B1

d. vitamin B1

Pernicious anemia is best treated with: a. iron b. folic acid c. pyridoxine d. vitamin B12

d. vitamin B12

What type of instrument/adjunct aid is used to perform the Eastman interdental bleeding index? a. probe b. waxed floss d. mirror and explorer d. wooden interdental cleaner

d. wooden interdental cleaner

What is the thick radiopaque structure that is J or U shaped on a maxillary PA? a. maxillary sinus b. cancellous bone c. anterior nasal spine d. zygomatic process of the maxilla

d. zygomatic process of the maxilla

Maintaining professional accountability includes which of the following? a. maintain ethical standards in practice b. encourage professional colleagues to follow the same ethical standards c. report colleagues' unethical behavior to appropriate peer review entities d. remain current regarding state rules and regulations governing dental and dental hygiene practice e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Which of the following is considered irreversible via polishing? a. tarnish b. corrosion c. extrinsic stain d. intrinsic stain e. B and D

e. B and D

A patient makes an appointment for their 6 month recall and an examination is performed as well as a prophylaxis. This represent what type of contract? a. express b. explicit c. implied d. implicit e. C & D

e. C & D

All of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. hunger b. dizziness c. weakness d. mood changes e. acetone breath

e. acetone breath

A prolonged bleeding time can be expected from a patient with: a. Leukemia b. aspirin use c. thrombocytopenia d. von Willebrand's disease e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Triclosan is a toothpaste additive used to: a. prevent caries b. control sensitivity c. eliminate oral malodor d. minimize the formation of calculus e. antimicrobial, specific for gingivitis

e. antimicrobial, specific for gingivitis

Gingival tissue enlargement is a common side effect of: a. nitroglycerin b. corticosteroids c. local anesthetics d. endogenous epinephrine e. calcium channel blockers

e. calcium channel blockers

Rests of malaise can develop into cysts and formed from which of the following? a. stellate reticulum b. ectomesenchyme c. outer enamel epithelium d. reduced enamel epithelium e. hertwing's epithelial root sheath

e. hertwing's epithelial root sheath

"Above all do no harm" represents which ethical principle/core value? a. justice b. fidelity c. autonomy d. beneficence e. non-maleficence

e. non-maleficence

N20/O2 has significant negative effects on the a. hepatic b. endocrine c. genitourinary d. renal system e. none of these are correct system

e. none of these are correct system

Which of the following types of cells are responsible for resorption of cementum and bone in orthodontic tooth movement? a. cementoblasts b. fibroblasts c. osteoblasts d. cementoclasts e. osteoclasts

e. osteoclasts

The five-dimensional health model includes all of the following except one. Which one is the exception? a. mental b. physical c. spiritual d. emotional e. psychological

e. psychological

What type of research involves the use of medical records to investigate the possible cause of disease? a. historical study b. descriptive study c. longitudinal study d. experimental study e. retrospective study

e. retrospective study

All of the following are branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve except which? a. lingual b. masseteric c. deep temporal d. inferior alveolar e. superior alveolar

e. superior alveolar

All of the following are indicated for use with dental implant restorations except? a. water irrigation b. power toothbrush c. light gentle probing d. air polishing with glycine e. wire-centered interdental brush

e. wire-centered interdental brush

caries or restorations on the incised edge or anterior teeth or the cusp tips of posterior teeth is considered which G.V. black classification? a. class I b. class II c. class III d. class IV e. class V f. class VI

f. class VI

Omeprazole is a medication primarily used in the treatment of: a. GERD b. hypertension c. muscle spasm d. high cholesterol

a. GERD

The primary site for drug metabolism is the: a. liver b. sweat c. kidneys d. gingival crevicular fluid

a. liver

Scurvy is caused by a deficiency in: a. vitamin C b. vitamin D c. vitamin B12 d. vitamin B5

a. vitamin C

Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin? a. A b. C c. D d. K e. E

b. C

The CARE Principle is a concept that includes which of the following? a. respect b. empathy c. compassion d. attentiveness

b. empathy

Amalgam tattoo is also known as: a. nevus b. melanoma c. focal argyrosis d. multiple myeloma

c. focal argyrosis

What is the mechanism of action of aspirin? a. blocks the CNS b. stimulates the CNS c. inhibits prostaglandin synthesis d. stimulates prostaglandin synthesis

c. inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

The most commonly found periodontal pathogen in periodontitis is: a. gram-positive cocci b. orange complex bacteria c. red complex bacteria d. spirochetes

c. red complex bacteria