NCLEX.. Fundamentals... Nutritional Components of Care

Low purine diet

This diet includes: Veggies (except cauliflower), spinach, asparagus, peas, fruit juice, cereal, egg, fat free milk, cottage cheese. this is for Gout, kidneystones, and elevated uric acid levels ... foods to restrict include anchovies, herring, mackerel, sardines, scallops,glandular meats, gravies, meat extracts, wild game, goose, and sweet breads.

a low sodium diet has been prescribed for a client with hypertension. which food selected from the menu by the client indicated an understanding of this diet?

1. baked turkey

a hospitalized client is lacto vegetarian. which food item should the nurse remove from the meal tray?

1. eggs

the nurse reinforces instructions to a client to increase the amount of riboflavin in the diet. the nurse should tell the client to select which food item that is high in riboflavin?

1. milk

the nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client with gout. the nurse should tell the client to avoid which food item?

1. scallops

a client with heart disease is instructed regarding low fat diet. the nurse determines that the client understands the diet if the client states to avoid which food item?

2. cheese

high iron diet

Foods that are high in iron its for patients with anemia the diet includes organ meats,meat,egg yolks,whole wheat products, dark green leafy vegetables, dried fruit, legumes.

Renal Diet

Low protein Low sodium Low Potassium Low phosphate

potassium diet

Use for renal failure patients. Apricots, Avocados,Raw Carrots, Dried fruits, beans, Prune juice, spinach, tomatoes, peanuts, potatoes, cantaloupe, oranges and orange juice are high in potassium

Proteins

amino acids, which make up proteins , are critical to all aspects of the growth and development of body tissues and provide 4 cal/g. proteins prepare and repair body tissues,regulate fluid balance,maintain acid base balance,produce antibodies, provide energy, and produce enzymes and hormones . (Inadequate protein intake can cause protein energy malnutrition and severe wasting of fat and muscle tissue.)

lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet

an eating pattern that includes milk, milk products, and eggs, but excludes meat, poultry, and seafood from the diet

Gas forming foods

apples artichokes barley beans bran broccoli brussels sprouts cabbage celery cherries coconuts eggplant figs honey melons milk molasses nuts onions radishes soybeans wheat yeast

high calcium diet

calcium is needed during bone growth and in adulthood to prevent osteoporosis and facilitate vascular contraction and vasodilation, muscle contraction, and nerve transmission. are dairy products. Includes extra milk products, green leafy veggies, and eggs

Carbohydrates

carbohydrates are the preferred source of energy and provide 4 cal/g , provides normal fat metabolism,spare protein, and enhance lower GI function. Major food sources of carbohydrates milk,grains,fruits,and vegetables

nurse encourages the client to eat which dietary items to promote wound healing?

chicken breast, broccoli, strawberries, and milk

sodium restricted diet

reduced salt intake for cardiovascular disease and kidney disease, and liver disease, encourage the intake of fresh foods rather then processed foods, which contain higher amounts of sodium. canned, frozen, instant, smoked, pickled, and boxed items contains higher amounts of sodium.

cardiac diet

reduces the risk of heart disease . DASH diet recommended to prevent control hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity. the DASH diet includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low fat dairy foods, meat fish & poultry, nuts, and beans, and is limited in sugar sweetened foods and beverages red meat and added fats.

gastric decompression

removal of gas and fluids from the stomach

ovo-vegetarian diet

the only animal foods consumed are eggs

gastric lavage

washing out the stomach with sterile water or saline solution

vegan diet

a diet that excludes foods of animal origin food included is plant origin, whole enriched grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, fruits, vegetables.

gastric gavage

Used to deliver fluids or nutrients NG tube can be attached to a feeding pump or via gravity from a feeding bag or a syringe.

full liquid diet

-may be used as a transition diet after clear liquids following surgery or for clients who have difficulty chewing, swallowing, or tolerating solid foods. the diet includes both clear and opaque liquid foods and those that are liquid at body temperature. . items like ice cream, sherbet, breakfast drinks, milk, pudding and custard, soups that are strained, refined cooked cereals, fruit juices, and strained vegetable juices

when reinforcing dietary instructions to a client with irritable bowel syndrome whose primary symptom is alternating constipation and diarrhea, the nurse would tell the client that which foods are best to include select all that apply?

2. apples 5. whole grain bread

the nurse has completed diet teaching for a client who has been prescribed a low sodium diet to treat hypertension. the nurse determines that there is a need for further teaching when the client makes what statement?

2. fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables are high in sodium.

a clear liquid diet has been prescribed for ?a client with gastroenteritis. which item is appropriate to offer to the client

4. fat free beef broth

a client is having problems with blood clotting. which food item should the nurse encourage the client to eat?

4. green, leafy vegetables

high calorie diet

Appropriate for patients with malnutrition, burns and cancer, human immunodeficiency virus HIV infection, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS, chronic obstruction pulmonary disease, respiratory failure, or any other type of debilitating disease. encourage snacks between meals, such as milk shakes, instant breakfasts, and nutritional supplements .

Fats

Fats provide a concentrated source and a stored form of energy and 9 cal/g. Fats protect internal organs and maintain body temperature. inadequate intake of essential fatty acids leads to clinical manifestations of sensitivity to cold, skin lesions,increased risk of infection, and amenorrhea in women. diets high in fat can lead to obesity and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and some cancers

Minerals & (electrolytes)

Minerals are components of hormones, cells, tissues, and bones. Minerals act as catalysts for chemical reactions and enhancers of cell function. Almost all foods contain some form of minerals. A deficiency of minerals can develop in chronically ill or hospitalized clients. Electrolytes play a major role in osmolality and body water regulation, acid base balance, enzyme reactions, and neuromuscular activity.

sodium free spices and flavorings

allspice almond extract bay leaves caraway seeds cinnamon curry powder garlic powder or garlic ginger lemon extract maple extract marjoram mustard powder nutmeg

parenteral nutritional

also termed hyperalimentation or total parenteral (TPN) nutrition supplies nutrients to the veins.

enteral nutrition

alternate form of feeding that involves passing a tube into the gastrointestinal tract to allow instillation of the appropriate formula

signs of adverse reactions to lipids

chest and back pain, chills, cyanosis,diaphoresis,dyspnea,fever,flushing rash, headache,nausea, and vomiting,pressure over the eyes, thrombophlebitis, vertigo

Carbohydrate consistant diet

indications Diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and obesity. this diet focuses on maintaining a consistent amount of carbohydrate intake each day and with meal also known as carb counting

mechanical soft diet

is recommended for people with difficulty in chewing or swallowing. used for people who have dental problems or who have gone under surgery of the head and neck, or have dysphagia (requires swallowing evaluation)and may require thicken liquids . foods to AVOID is nuts, dried fruits, raw fruits and vegetables, fried foods, chocolate candy, tough smoked or salted meats, and food with course textures.

lacto-vegetarian diet

lacto-vegetarians eat milk, cheese, and dairy foods, but avoid meat, fish, poultry, and eggs

clear liquid diet

serves the primary function of providing fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration. initial feeding after complete bowel rest . used initially to feed a malnourished person or a person who has not had any oral intake for some time . clear liquid diet is used in gastroenteritis . as a transition clear liquid diet are intended for short term use only. clear liquids contain items such as water, white grape juice, bouillon, clear broth, hard candy, carbonated beverages, gelatin, lemonade, ice pops, coffee,tea

gluten free diet

treatment for celiac disease and gluten sensitivity for clients needing the protein fraction "gluten" eliminated from there diet gluten foods include whole grains brown rice ect

High fiber and high residue diet

used for clients with constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, when the primary sympton is alternating constipation and diarrhea and asymptomatic diverticular disease . consists of fruits, vegetables, and whole grain products .gas forming foods should be limited.

Low fiber/low residue diet

used for inflammatory bowel disease, partial obstructions of the intestinal tract, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, or other GI disorders. FOODS TO AVOID are raw fruits,( except bananas )vegetables, nuts and seeds, plant fiber and whole grains. food that are low in residue are white bread, refined cooked cereals, cooked potatoes with out skins, white rice and refined pasta. dairy products should be limited to two servings a day

Protein restricted diet

used to manage protein intake for those patients with liver or kidney disease. the less protein allowed, the more important it becomes that all protein in the diet be of high biological value.

fat restricted diet

used to reduce symptoms of abdominal pain, steatorrhea, flatulence, and diarrhea associated with a high intake of dietary fat, and to decrease nutrient losses caused by the ingestion of diatary fat in the individuals with malabsorption .

Vitamins

vitamins facilitate metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates and act as catalysts for metabolic functions. Vitamins promote life and growth processes, and maintain and regulate body functions. Fat-souluble vitamins A,D,E and K can be stored in the body, so an excess can cause toxicity. The B vitamins and vitamin C are water soluble, are not stored in the body, and can be excreted in the urine