NCLEX practice questions
A pediatric nurse is providing education to the family of a child who recently had surgery. The child's family consists of the child's mother and stepfather, as well as her biological brother and stepsister. Which of the following situations best describes this family structure? 1). Blended family 2). Nuclear family 3). Binuclear family 4). Communal family
Blended family (There are many different family structures that the nurse may encounter; the most common family structure has changed from being a nuclear family of a mother, a father, and their children, to various groups of people who live and relate to each other as family. The blended family has become one of the most common forms of family structures today. A blended family consists of at least one stepparent who is the spouse of the biological parent to a child. There may be stepsiblings or half-siblings in the blended family as well.)
A pediatric nurse has floated to the NICU to work her shift. The physician has ordered a dose of intravenous caffeine for a newborn baby who was born 4 weeks' prematurely. Which of the following describes the rationale for giving this infant caffeine? 1). Caffeine reduces instances of infant apnea 2). Caffeine works to increase the infant's blood pressure to normal levels 3). Caffeine helps the infant to stay awake to eat 4). Caffeine helps the infant to gain weight by accumulating brown fat
Caffeine reduces instances of infant apnea (Caffeine is a type of stimulant mostly found in foods and drinks consumed by adults; however, it may also be given orally or intravenously to preterm infants to reduce episodes of apnea. A preterm infant is at higher risk of periods of central apnea when the brain does not always stimulate the body to breathe. The baby can suffer a loss of oxygen with frequent periods of apnea. Caffeine is given as a stimulant to reduce apneic episodes.)
A nurse is caring for a 14-year-old boy in the pediatrics department who needs to have surgery right away. The nurse has several other patients to care for as well, but the surgical team arrives to take the patient to the operating room. The nurse has not yet finished her charting on the patient. Which of the following actions is most appropriate in this situation? 1). Chart as much pertinent information as possible before the patient leaves and then finish with a late entry 2). Tell the surgical team to wait while the nurse finishes the documentation 3). Chart some of the information and leave a space in the notes to finish later 4). Keep the chart and take it to the surgical area after documentation is finished
Chart as much pertinent information as possible before the patient leaves and then finish with a late entry (In this situation, the nurse should chart as much about the patient as possible before he leaves for surgery without requiring the surgical team to wait for the chart. Because the patient needs surgery right away, it is unlikely that the team can wait for the nurse to finish her charting. The nurse should not leave room in the notes to come back and fill in later. If the hospital policy allows, the nurse should chart the most important information first and then finish the charting as soon as possible after the patient returns from surgery, noting the time and adding late entry.)
A nurse is assessing a 4-year old child who is in the hospital for a tonsillectomy. The child is playing in the toy room of the pediatric unit and the nurse notes that the child interacts with other patients and sometimes shares some of the toys. This best describes which type of play as seen among children? 1). Cooperative 2). Solitary 3). Parallel 4). Associative
Cooperative (The child in this example is demonstrating cooperative play, which typically develops between 4 and 5 years of age. During cooperative play, a child interacts and engages with other children who are about her own age. The child is also more willing to share toys during this type of play.)
Which of the following pediatric client is in need of emergent intervention? 1). Protruding tongue and drooling 5 year old 2). 10 year old with obvious deformity of the right arm 3). Nausea, vomitting and diarrhea of a 13 year old 4). Fussy 5 month old
Protruding tongue and drooling 5 year old (Epiglottitis is an emergency, the airway is becoming occluded and the number one s/sx is drooling with the tongue protruding out. An obvious deformity of the leg is not emergent, but is urgent. The two other children are stable.)
Which best describes the role of the utilization review nurse in pediatric care? 1). Ensuring that the patients medications and treatments are appropriate for his or her diagnosis 2). Working with other members of the interdisciplinary team to provide comprehensive care for the patient 3). Contacting the insurance company to facilitate payment for services 4). Working with a social worker to make sure the patients family has resources for care
Ensuring that the patients medications and treatments are appropriate for his or her diagnosis (The utilization review nurse's role is designed to ensure that a patient is receiving the necessary treatments and procedures for his or her condition without undergoing any unnecessary therapies. By reviewing these terms, the utilization review nurse saves the healthcare center money by avoiding payments on expensive treatments that are unwarranted. The nurse's role also saves the patient from undergoing possibly painful and expensive tests and procedures that are not needed.)
A nurse is giving a liquid medication to a 2-month-old baby in the pediatrics unit. Which intervention is most appropriate to consider when giving medicine to a child this age? 1). Be firm when administering the medication or the child will not cooperate 2). Hold the child and talk in soothing tones while giving the medication 3). Ask the parents to hold the child down to administer the medication 4). Explain to the child what the medication is for and why it is important
Hold the child and talk in soothing tones while giving the medication ( A 2-month old baby may need medication but will not be able to make choices about whether or not she wants the medicine or whether she likes it. When working with an infant of this age, the nurse should provide care and comfort that will most likely soothe the child and keep her from crying. When the baby is calm, the nurse may have an easier time of administering the medication.)
Which of the following condition in the pediatric patient are you going to be administering high doses of aspirin to treat the child? 1). Kawasaki's Disease 2). Kwashiorkor Disease 3). Kennedy's Disease 4). Korsakoff's Disease
Kawasaki's Disease (Aspirin is used sparingly in children to avoid Reye's Syndrome, however, in Kawasaki's Disease the main treatment is high doses of aspirin and immunoglobulin.)
A couple has brought their 7-year-old child in for a routine pediatric physical. The parents are concerned because their son seems much shorter when compared to his peers. Which component of the assessment is most important to include when identifying growth problems with this patient? 1). The patients nutrition status and fluid intake 2). Whether the patient has a history of allergies 3). The patients sleep habits 4). Whether the patient is exposed to secondhand smoke
The patients nutrition status and fluid intake (Short stature describes a situation when the height of a patient is two standard deviations below the average height for his weight and age. It could occur as a genetic trait or because of physical abnormalities, including a lack of proper nutrition.)
The parents of a 4-year-old child have brought him in to the pediatric care clinic for a routine physical exam. The parents tell the nurse that their child has never had immunizations as a baby, but they would like to start giving the vaccines now. Which response from the nurse is accurate? 1). We will start him at the beginning of most of the vaccines he would receive as an infant and get him caught up eventually. 2). We will start him with the standard vaccines that he should receive at 5 years and then start over later. 3). We cannot give him infant immunizations now that he is 4 years old, but we will give him what is appropriate for his age. 4). We can only give him the hepatitis series this late; he will have to go without everything else.
We will start him at the beginning of most of the vaccines he would receive as an infant and get him caught up eventually. (If a child has not received vaccinations as an infant, he can receive them at a slightly older age to catch up with the series. The process of receiving all of the vaccines takes time, as there may be a time restraint between getting injections. Some medications are not appropriate for children over 15 months and the child would not receive those immunizations, but he could get the rest of the shots that he could have had as an infant.)
