Nervous System
Ependymal Cells
Forms an epithelial-like membrane that covers specialized brain parts and form the inner linings that enclose spaces in the brain and spinal cord.
Chromatophilic Substance
Membranous sacs in the cytoplasm of nerve cells that have ribosomes attached to their surfaces
Somatic Nervous System
Motor pathways of the peripheral nervous system that lead to skeletal muscles.
Neurilemma
Sheath formed from Schwann cells on the exterior of some axons
Astrocytes
Type of neuroglia that connects neurons to blood vessels in the CNS
Oligodendrocytes
Type of neuroglia that produces myelin in the CNS
Schwann Cells
Type of neuroglia that surrounds an axon of a peripheral neuron, forming the neurilemmal sheath and myelin.
Effectors
A muscle or gland that affects change in the body.
Axons
A nerve fiber. It conducts an impulse away from the neuron cell body
Neurofibrils
Fine, cytoplasmic thread that extends from the cell body into the processes of a neuron
Unipolar Neurons
Have a single process extending from the cell body. A short distance from the cell body, this process divides into two branches, which really function as a single axon. One branch is associated with dendrites near a peripheral body part. The other branch enters the brain or spinal cord. The cell bodies of some unipolar neurons aggregate in specialized masses of nervous tissue called ganglia, which are located outside the brain and spinal cord.
Multipolar Neurons
Have many processes arising from their cell bodies. Only one process of each neuron is axon; the rest are dendrites. Most neurons whose cell bodies lie within the brain or spinal cord are multipolar.
Biopolar Neurons
Have only two processes, one arising from each end of the cell body. These processes are structurally similar, but one is an axon and the other dendrite. Neurons in specialized parts of the eyes, nose, and ears are bipolar.
Nerve Impulses
Information transmitted by neurons and cause chemical changes
Myelin
Lipid material that forms a sheath-like covering around some axons
Myelin Sheath
Lipid material that forms a sheath-like covering around some axons
Nodes of Ranvier
Narrow gaps between Schwann cells
Neurons
Nerve cells
Microglial Cells
Neuroglia of the CNS that support neurons and phagocytize
Interneurons
Neuron between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron; internuncial or association neuron.
Motor Neurons
Neuron that transmits impulses from the CNS to an effector
Sensory Neurons
Neurons that transmits impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS.
Cell Body
Part of nerve cell that includes a cytoplasmic mass and a nucleus, and from which nerve processes extend.
Autonomic Nervous System
Part of the nervous system that controls the viscera.
Peripheral Nervous System
Parts of the nervous system outside the CNS.
Dendrite
Process of a neuron that receive input from other neurons
Neuroglia
Specialized cells of the nervous system that produce myelin, communicate between cells, maintain the ionic environment, and nurture the differentiation of neurons.
Sensory Receptors
Specialized structure associated with the peripheral end of a sensory neuron specific to detecting a particular sensation and triggering a nerve impulse in response.
Ganglia
The cell bodies of some unipolar neurons aggregate in specialized masses of nervous tissue
Central Nervous System
The brain and the spinal cord.